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1.
JMIR Res Protoc ; 9(7): e17329, 2020 Jul 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32706746

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Samoa, like many other Pacific Island nations, has reached epidemic proportions. Although the etiology of these conditions can be largely attributed to the rapidly changing economic and nutritional environment, a recently identified genetic variant, rs373863828 (CREB 3 regulatory factor, CREBRF: c.1370G>A p.[R457Q]) is associated with increased odds of obesity, but paradoxically, decreased odds of diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The overarching goal of the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) study was to precisely characterize the association of the CREBRF variant with metabolic (body composition and glucose homeostasis) and behavioral traits (dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, and weight control behaviors) that influence energy homeostasis in 500 adults. METHODS: A cohort of adult Samoans who participated in a genome-wide association study of adiposity in Samoa in 2010 was followed up, based on the presence or absence of the CREBRF variant, between August 2017 and March 2019. Over a period of 7-10 days, each participant completed the main study protocol, which consisted of anthropometric measurements (weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds), body composition assessment (bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), point-of-care glycated hemoglobin measurement, a fasting blood draw and oral glucose tolerance test, urine collection, blood pressure measurement, hand grip strength measurement, objective physical activity and sleep apnea monitoring, and questionnaire measures (eg, health interview, cigarette and alcohol use, food frequency questionnaire, socioeconomic position, stress, social support, food and water insecurity, sleep, body image, and dietary preferences). In January 2019, a subsample of the study participants (n=118) completed a buttock fat biopsy procedure to collect subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. RESULTS: Enrollment of 519 participants was completed in March 2019. Data analyses are ongoing, with results expected in 2020 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS: While the genetic variant rs373863828, in CREBRF, has the largest known effect size of any identified common obesity gene, very little is currently understood about the mechanisms by which it confers increased odds of obesity but paradoxically lowered odds of type 2 diabetes. The results of this study will provide insights into how the gene functions on a whole-body level, which could provide novel targets to prevent or treat obesity, diabetes, and associated metabolic disorders. This study represents the human arm of a comprehensive and integrated approach involving humans as well as preclinical models that will provide novel insights into metabolic disease. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/17329.

2.
Pediatr Obes ; 15(4): e12603, 2020 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31925928

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Overweight/obesity is prevalent among children in the Pacific Islands, but its aetiology is poorly understood. Few studies have considered body composition in addition to body mass index-based measures. OBJECTIVES: To describe body composition among Samoan children and determine sex-specific associations among dietary intake, physical activity, and body composition. METHODS: Body composition (percent body fat [%BF], lean mass, and trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio) of n = 83 Samoan children (3-7 y) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Children completed 7 days of objective physical activity monitoring. Mothers reported child nutritional intake using a 115-item food frequency questionnaire. Stepwise generalized linear regression was used to determine independent associations of nutritional intake and physical activity with body composition. RESULTS: Samoan children had higher average %BF than reported among other ethnic groups but lower trunk-to-peripheral fat ratios. In sex-stratified analyses, quartile of carbohydrate intake was negatively associated with %BF (ß = -2.02 SE = 0.58; P < .001) in girls only. Among boys, physical activity (quartile of accelerometer counts per minute) was negatively associated with %BF (ß = -1.66 SE = 0.55; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Sex differences in the associations among nutritional intake, physical activity, and body composition may be important to consider as interventions are developed to address overweight/obesity among Samoan children.


Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal , Ejercicio Físico , Nutrientes/administración & dosificación , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/etiología , Obesidad Infantil/etiología , Caracteres Sexuales
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