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Inflatable structures, promising for future deep space exploration missions, are vulnerable to damage from micrometeoroid and orbital debris impacts. Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-trFE) is a flexible, biocompatible, and chemical-resistant material capable of detecting impact forces due to its piezoelectric properties. This study used a state-of-the-art material extrusion system that has been validated for in-space manufacturing, to facilitate fast-prototyping of consistent and uniform PVDF-trFE films. By systematically investigating ink synthesis, printer settings, and post-processing conditions, this research established a comprehensive understanding of the process-structure-property relationship of printed PVDF-trFE. Consequently, this study consistently achieved the printing of PVDF-trFE films with a thickness of around 40 µm, accompanied by an impressive piezoelectric coefficient of up to 25 pC N-1. Additionally, an all-printed dynamic force sensor, featuring a sensitivity of 1.18 V N-1, was produced by mix printing commercial electrically-conductive silver inks with the customized PVDF-trFE inks. This pioneering on-demand fabrication technique for PVDF-trFE films empowers future astronauts to design and manufacture piezoelectric sensors while in space, thereby significantly enhancing the affordability and sustainability of deep space exploration missions.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to describe the experiences of loneliness and/or depression for residents and their spouses who have been separated by long-term care placement. INTRODUCTION: Loneliness and depression have a pernicious influence on the overall health and well-being of older adults. Older adults' mental health is significantly affected by social relationships, including those between spouses. However, there is limited research pertaining to long-term care residents' and community-dwelling spouses' experiences of loneliness and/or depression after separation due to long-term care placement. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This systematic review included studies that recruited community-dwelling spouses and long-term care residents over 50 years of age with living spouses from whom they are separated due to long-term care placement. Studies on the experiences of loneliness and/or depression due to spousal separation with one or both spouses living in long-term care were included in this review. METHODS: Ovid MEDLINE(R) was used for the initial search. A full search strategy was developed for Ovid MEDLINE(R), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Ovid). The review was conducted using the JBI methodology for reviews of qualitative research, with 2 independent reviewers performing study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, data synthesis, and assessment of confidence in the findings. RESULTS: Eleven papers were included in this systematic review. Four synthesized findings were extracted from 10 categories and 42 findings: i) Loneliness and depression result from a lack of physical and social connection for separated long-term care residents and community-dwelling spouses; ii) Community-dwelling spouses feel unprepared and upset with spousal separation due to a lack of psychological support; iii) Behavioral strategies can prevent community-dwelling spouses and long-term care residents from developing loneliness and/or depression; and iv) Community-dwelling spouses have differing abilities to adapt and cope with feelings of loneliness and/or depression. CONCLUSION: This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the feelings of loneliness and/or depression in spouses who are separated due to long-term care placement. This review has demonstrated that there is a lack of literature inclusive of the voices and perspectives of all spouses affected by spousal separation in long-term care. The limitations of this review include the small number of included studies and the range of quality in included studies. Recommendations include additional research on the lived experience of spousal separation from the perspectives of long-term care residents and their community-dwelling spouses. Further, additional psychological support is needed for separated spouses, guided by the suggestions and experiences of long-term care residents and their community-dwelling spouses. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022333014.
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Depresión , Soledad , Cuidados a Largo Plazo , Investigación Cualitativa , Esposos , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Esposos/psicología , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Anciano , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , MasculinoRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: The associated effect of duration of the second stage of labor (SSL) on pelvic floor symptoms development is not well studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between duration of SSL and pelvic floor symptoms at 6 months postpartum among primiparous women. STUDY DESIGN: A planned secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial evaluating the impact of immediate versus delayed pushing on vaginal delivery rates, maternal morbidity, and neonatal outcomes was conducted between 2014 and 2018. For pelvic floor arm participants, demographic, pelvic examination, and validated questionnaire data were collected postpartum. Primary outcome was change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory 20 (PFDI-20) score from immediate to 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, Fecal Incontinence Severity Index, Modified Manchester Health Questionnaire scores, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification measurements at 6 months postpartum. Participants were analyzed by SSL duration ≤60 minutes or >60 minutes. RESULTS: Of the 2,414 trial participants, 767 (32%) completed pelvic floor assessments at 6 months. Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory 20 scores significantly improved at 6 months in the ≤60 minutes SSL group compared with >60 minutes SSL (-14.3 ± 48.0 and -3.2 ± 45.3, respectively; P = 0.04). Changes from immediate postpartum in total and subscale scores for other questionnaires at 6 months did not differ between groups. Prolapse stage did not differ between groups. Perineal body was significantly shorter in the >60 minutes SSL group (3.7 ± 0.7, 3.5 ± 0.8; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Women with SSL >60 minutes experience less improvement in PFDI-20 scores at 6 months. Greater tissue and innervation trauma in those with SSL >60 minutes may explain persistently less improvement in PFDI-20 scores.
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Incontinencia Fecal , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Humanos , Diafragma Pélvico , Segundo Periodo del Trabajo de Parto , Incontinencia Fecal/epidemiología , Periodo PospartoRESUMEN
Social prescribing is suited to all age groups, but it is especially important for children and youth, as it is well understood that this population is particularly vulnerable to the effects of the social determinants of health and health inequities, and that intervening at this stage of life has the greatest impact on health and wellbeing over the life course. While this population has largely been neglected in social prescribing research, policy, and practice, several evaluations of social prescribing for children and youth have emerged in recent years, which calls for a review of the evidence on this topic. Thus, the objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence on the use of social prescribing for children and youth. This review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished literature. No language or date restrictions will be placed on the search. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), ASSIA (ProQuest), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), Global Health (Ovid), Web of Science (Clarivate), Epistemonikos, JBI EBP Database (Ovid), and Cochrane Library. Sources of gray literature to be searched include Google, Google Scholar, Social Care Online (Social Care Institute for Excellence), SIREN Evidence and Resource Library (Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network), and websites of social prescribing organizations and networks. Additionally, a request for evidence sources will be sent out to members of the Global Social Prescribing Alliance. Two independent reviewers will perform title and abstract screening, retrieval and assessment of full-text evidence sources, and data extraction. Data analysis will consist of basic descriptive analysis. Results will be presented in tabular and/or diagrammatic format alongside a narrative summary.
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Inequidades en Salud , Políticas , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Revisiones Sistemáticas como AsuntoRESUMEN
This is a protocol for a Campbell Review following JBI scoping review methodology. The objectives are to answer the following questions: What has been reported in the literature about collaborative learner-educator design, implementation, or evaluation of learner assessment in health professional education? (1) Where is learner-educator co-creation of assessment occurring? (i.e., which disciplines, course types, level of learner, year of study). (2) What course assessment decisions are influenced or being made together? (i.e., assessment instructions and/or grades). (3) How much influence do learners have on decision-making? (i.e., where does it fall on Bovill and Bulley's ladder of participation). (4) How do learners and educators go about making decisions together? (i.e., discussion or voting, with a whole class or portion of the class). (5) What are the perceived benefits, disadvantages, barriers, and/or facilitators reported by the authors?
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OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature on outcomes of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery in patients from various body mass index (BMI) categories to determine the association between obesity and surgical outcomes. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to April 12, 2022; ClinicalTrials.gov was searched in September 2022 (PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022326255). Randomized and nonrandomized studies of urogynecologic POP surgery outcomes were accepted in which categories of BMI or obesity were compared. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: In total, 9,037 abstracts were screened; 759 abstracts were identified for full-text screening, and 31 articles were accepted for inclusion and data were extracted. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Studies were extracted for participant information, intervention, comparator, and outcomes, including subjective outcomes, objective outcomes, and complications. Outcomes were compared among obesity categories (eg, BMI 30-34.9, 35-40, higher than 40), and meta-analysis was performed among different surgical approaches. Individual studies reported varying results as to whether obesity affects surgical outcomes. By meta-analysis, obesity (BMI 30 or higher) is associated with an increased odds of objective prolapse recurrence after vaginal prolapse repair (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% CI, 1.14-1.67) and after prolapse repair from any surgical approach (OR 1.31, 95% CI, 1.12-1.53) and with complications such as mesh exposure after both vaginal and laparoscopic POP repair (OR 2.10, 95% CI, 1.01-4.39). CONCLUSION: Obesity is associated with increased likelihood of prolapse recurrence and mesh complications after POP repair. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022326255.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Obesidad , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico , Humanos , Femenino , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/cirugía , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: There is a need for surgeons skilled in vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair, yet training opportunities are limited. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to create a low-fidelity simulation model for transvaginal VVF repair, identify essential steps of VVF repair, and evaluate the model's ability to replicate essential steps. STUDY DESIGN: First, a low-fidelity VVF repair simulation model was designed and built by the authors. Next, a hierarchical task analysis was performed by urogynecologic surgeons with expertise in VVF repair. Each expert submitted an outline of tasks required to perform VVF repair. To control for bias, an education specialist de-identified, reviewed, and collated the submitted outlines. The education specialist then led a focus group, and through a modified Delphi process, the experts reached consensus on the essential steps. A separate group of urogynecologic surgeons then tested the model and completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing how well the model replicated the essential steps. Descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS: Five experts submitted an outline of steps for transvaginal VVF repair, and 4 experts participated in a focus group to reach consensus on the essential steps. Nine urogynecologic surgeons, with a median of 10 years in practice (interquartile range, 7-12 years), tested the model and completed the postsimulation questionnaire. Most testers thought that tasks involving identification and closure of the fistula were replicated by the model. Testers thought that tasks involving cystoscopy or bladder filling were not replicated by the model. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a novel, low-fidelity transvaginal VVF repair simulation model that consistently replicated tasks involving identification and closure of the fistula.
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Fístula Vesicovaginal , Humanos , Fístula Vesicovaginal/cirugía , Femenino , Entrenamiento Simulado/métodos , Grupos Focales , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/educación , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , Competencia Clínica , Técnica DelphiRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: There is a need for cost effective interventions that increase surgical preparedness in urogynecology. METHODS: We performed an ancillary prospective economic evaluation of the Telehealth Intervention to Increase Patient Preparedness for Surgery (TIPPS) Trial, a randomized multicenter trial that evaluated the impact of a preoperative telehealth call on surgical preparedness in women undergoing urogynecologic surgery. A within-trial analysis from the health care sector and societal perspective was performed. Cost-effectiveness was computed from health care sector and societal perspectives, with an 8-week time horizon. RESULTS: A total of 126 women were included in our analysis. QALYs gained were similar between groups (telehealth 0.1414 + 0.0249; usual care 0.1409 + 0.0179). The cumulative mean per-person costs at 8 weeks from the healthcare sector perspective were telehealth call: $8696 +/- 3341; usual care: $8473 +/- 3118 (p = 0.693) and from the societal perspective were telehealth call: $11,195 + 5191; usual care: $11,213 +/- 4869 (p = 0.944). The preoperative telehealth call intervention was not cost effective from the health care sector perspective with an ICER of $460,091/QALY (95%CI -$7,382,608/QALY, $7,673,961) using the generally accepted maximum willingness to pay threshold of $150,000/QALY (Neumann et al. N Engl J Med. 371(9):796-7, 2014). From the societal perspective, because incremental costs per QALY gained were negative $-35,925/QALY (95%CI, -$382,978/QALY, $317,226), results suggest that preoperative telehealth call dominated usual care. CONCLUSIONS: A preoperative telehealth call is cost effective from the society perspective. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered with http://ClinicalTrials.gov . Date of registration: March 26, 2019 Date of initial participant enrollment: June 5, 2019 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03890471 Clinical trial identification number: NCT03890471.
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Análisis de Costo-Efectividad , Telemedicina , Femenino , Humanos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Estudios Prospectivos , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Teléfono , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the characteristics of breastfeeding newborns in the first month of life who have been exposed in utero to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications. INTRODUCTION: SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medication in pregnancy. Up to 30% of newborns who are prenatally exposed to SSRIs demonstrate withdrawal signs. Poor neonatal adaptation syndrome represents a constellation of signs observed in these newborns. Little information has been studied regarding breastfeeding, as it relates to the impact of in utero SSRI exposure on the newborn. Parents have many questions regarding the safety of taking medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is important for health care providers to collate evidence-based information and facilitate shared decision-making. We aim to identify the approaches researchers have used to investigate in utero SSRI exposure among breastfed newborns to determine knowledge gaps. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Primary peer-reviewed studies will be considered for inclusion according to the following criteria: newborns, 31 days of age or less, with in utero SSRI exposure in any trimester of pregnancy, who were breastfed or received breast-milk feedings. METHODS: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, LactMed, the Maternity and Infant Care Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases will be searched. JBI methodology will be used. Abstracts will be assessed for eligibility and full texts will be retrieved if they meet the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers will independently extract the data from identified studies using a data extraction form and the results will be summarized descriptively and in tabular format. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework osf.io/2bt39.
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Lactancia Materna , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Predatory journals are a blemish on scholarly publishing and academia and the studies published within them are more likely to contain data that is false. The inclusion of studies from predatory journals in evidence syntheses is potentially problematic due to this propensity for false data to be included. To date, there has been little exploration of the opinions and experiences of evidence synthesisers when dealing with predatory journals in the conduct of their evidence synthesis. In this paper, the thoughts, opinions, and attitudes of evidence synthesisers towards predatory journals and the inclusion of studies published within these journals in evidence syntheses were sought. Focus groups were held with participants who were experienced evidence synthesisers from JBI (previously the Joanna Briggs Institute) collaboration. Utilising qualitative content analysis, two generic categories were identified: predatory journals within evidence synthesis, and predatory journals within academia. Our findings suggest that evidence synthesisers believe predatory journals are hard to identify and that there is no current consensus on the management of these studies if they have been included in an evidence synthesis. There is a critical need for further research, education, guidance, and development of clear processes to assist evidence synthesisers in the management of studies from predatory journals.
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Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto , Humanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
PMart is a web-based tool for reproducible quality control, exploratory data analysis, statistical analysis, and interactive visualization of 'omics data, based on the functionality of the pmartR R package. The newly improved user interface supports more 'omics data types, additional statistical capabilities, and enhanced options for creating downloadable graphics. PMart supports the analysis of label-free and isobaric-labeled (e.g., TMT, iTRAQ) proteomics, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass-spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics, MS-based lipidomics, and ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomics data. At the end of a PMart session, a report is available that summarizes the processing steps performed and includes the pmartR R package functions used to execute the data processing. In addition, built-in safeguards in the backend code prevent users from utilizing methods that are inappropriate based on omics data type. PMart is a user-friendly interface for conducting exploratory data analysis and statistical comparisons of omics data without programming.
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BACKGROUND: Addressing the risk of people from gender and sexual minority (GSM) groups experiencing inequities throughout the cancer continuum requires a robust evidence base. In this scoping review, we aim to map the literature on cancer outcomes among adults from GSM groups and the factors that influence them along the cancer continuum. METHODS: This mixed-methods scoping review will follow the approach outlined by JBI. We will systematically search electronic databases for literature in collaboration with a health sciences librarian. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts to determine eligibility based on inclusion criteria, and then retrieve full text articles for data extraction. Results will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. Quantitative data will be qualitized through a narrative interpretation and pooled with qualitative data. We will use meta-aggregation to synthesize findings. This protocol was developed in collaboration with GSM patient and public advisors. We will engage people from GSM groups, community organizations and knowledge users in disseminating results. INTERPRETATION: This review will direct future research efforts by expanding the wider body of research examining cancer disparities across the cancer continuum that GSM groups experience, identifying literature gaps and limitations, and highlighting relevant social determinants of health that influence cancer outcomes for adults from GSM groups.
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PURPOSE: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in intensive care units (ICU) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Magnesium prophylaxis has been shown to reduce incidence of AF in cardiac surgery patients, however, evidence outside this population is limited. The objective of this study is to summarize studies examining magnesium versus placebo in the prevention of NOAF outside the setting of cardiac surgery. SOURCE: We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from inception until January 3rd, 2023. We included all interventional research studies that compared magnesium to placebo and excluded case reports and post cardiac surgery patients. We conducted meta-analysis using the inverse variance method with random effects modelling. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Of the 1493 studies imported for screening, 87 full texts were assessed for eligibility and six citations, representing five randomized controlled trials (n = 4713), were included in the review, with four studies (n = 4654) included in the pooled analysis. Administration of magnesium did not significantly reduce the incidence of NOAF compared to placebo (OR 0.72, [95% CI 0.48 to 1.09]). CONCLUSION: Use of magnesium did not reduce the incidence of NOAF, however these studies represent diverse groups and are hindered by significant bias. Further studies are necessary to determine if there is benefit to magnesium prophylaxis for NOAF in non-cardiac surgery patients.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Humanos , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Fibrilación Atrial/prevención & control , Magnesio/uso terapéutico , Incidencia , MorbilidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore how markers of health care disparity are associated with access to care and outcomes among patients seeking and undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through January 23, 2022. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: The population of interest included patients in the United States who sought or underwent hysterectomy by any approach for benign indications. Health care disparity markers included race, ethnicity, geographic location, insurance status, and others. Outcomes included access to surgery, patient level outcomes, and surgical outcomes. Eligible studies reported multivariable regression analyses that described the independent association between at least one health care disparity risk marker and an outcome. We evaluated direction and strengths of association within studies and consistency across studies. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Of 6,499 abstracts screened, 39 studies with a total of 46 multivariable analyses were included. Having a Black racial identity was consistently associated with decreased access to minimally invasive, laparoscopic, robotic, and vaginal hysterectomy. Being of Hispanic ethnicity and having Asian or Pacific Islander racial identities were associated with decreased access to laparoscopic and vaginal hysterectomy. Black patients were the only racial or ethnic group with an increased association with hysterectomy complications. Medicare insurance was associated with decreased access to laparoscopic hysterectomy, and both Medicaid and Medicare insurance were associated with increased likelihood of hysterectomy complications. Living in the South or Midwest or having less than a college degree education was associated with likelihood of prior hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: Studies suggest that various health care disparity markers are associated with poorer access to less invasive hysterectomy procedures and with poorer outcomes for patients who are undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. Further research is needed to understand and identify the causes of these disparities, and immediate changes to our health care system are needed to improve access and opportunities for patients facing health care disparities. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42021234511.
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Disparidades en Atención de Salud , Medicare , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Histerectomía/métodos , Etnicidad , Histerectomía Vaginal , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to map the literature on how usability is considered during the design and/or evaluation of computer-based digital health technologies for family caregivers of persons with chronic progressive conditions. INTRODUCTION: Computer-based digital health technologies offer convenient alternatives for delivering interventions to caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions. Usability is a critical component of good practice in developing and implementing health and social care technologies; however, we need to determine whether usability is incorporated in the design and/or evaluation of computer-based digital health technologies for caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions. Within this context, a broad overview of the existing literature on usability in computer-based digital health technologies is needed. INCLUSION CRITERIA: We will include studies published from 2012 to the present that describe usability characteristics of computer-based digital health technologies targeting adult (≥18 years old) family caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions, regardless of study design or setting. METHODS: We will use the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will conduct searches of MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science Core Collection to capture eligible studies. After the results are deduplicated, 2 independent reviewers will assess each study for eligibility and extract data from the included studies. Conflicts will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. Data analysis will use a textual narrative synthesis approach. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework osf.io/w4vk5.
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Cuidadores , Tecnología , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Computadores , Proyectos de Investigación , Apoyo Social , Literatura de Revisión como AsuntoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the review is to explore and understand the postpartum experiences of birthing people and their families during COVID-19. INTRODUCTION: Positive postpartum experiences are formative for the long-term health and well-being of parents and babies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has complicated the transition to parenthood and existing postpartum challenges through evolving policies and practices, including visiting limitations, masking requirements, and reduced accessibility of supports. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the postpartum experiences of women, birthing people (people who give birth but may not identify as women), and their families through the synthesis of qualitative evidence can help inform public health and government directives in comparable future contexts. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies including women, birthing people, and their families who experienced postpartum during the COVID-19 pandemic will be considered. This review will include studies published after January 2020 that explore postpartum experiences up to 1 year following birth. We will examine qualitative data, including, but not limited to, research designs such as phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, feminist research, and action research. METHODS: The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (Ovid), and LitCovid. PsyArXiv and Google Scholar will be searched for gray literature. Studies will be assessed and appraised independently by 2 reviewers and disagreements will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. Data extraction will be completed by 2 reviewers. The JBI tools and resources will be used for assessing confidence and meta-aggregation, including the creation of categories and synthesized findings. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022364030.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Femenino , Investigación Cualitativa , COVID-19/epidemiología , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Periodo Posparto , Literatura de Revisión como AsuntoRESUMEN
Many nurse educators consider simulation a valuable tool to supplement and augment learning due to current shortages of clinical placements. Wound care is integral to nursing practice yet many students and practicing nurses experience difficulties in securing sufficient learning opportunities or experience at the undergraduate level to feel competent in providing it. Emerging evidence supports simulation as a promising intervention to facilitate student learning in wound care, building nurses' confidence and competence in providing evidence-based wound care. OBJECTIVE: To understand how clinical simulation is being used to educate nurses about wound assessment and management, and to explore the impact of clinical simulation on learning outcomes, including knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and skills related to wound care. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria include studies of nursing students and nurses, simulation educational interventions, and learning outcomes related to wound care evaluated by any measures. Any studies that do not fit these criteria will be excluded. METHODS: Databases to be searched include PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, SciELO up to February 2022. Studies in English with a date limit of 2012 to 2022 will be included. Search results will be imported into Covidence and screened by two independent reviewers, first based on the title and abstract and then full text. Data will be extracted with a novel extraction tool developed by the reviewers and then synthesised and presented in narrative, tabular, and/or graphical forms. DISSEMINATION: The finished scoping review will be published in a scientific journal once analysis is completed.
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Aprendizaje , Estudiantes , Humanos , Simulación por Computador , Bases de Datos Factuales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Literatura de Revisión como AsuntoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the review is to systematically examine the emerging literature related to public health interventions aimed at preventing adolescent vaping. INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of vaping among adolescents is a rising concern worldwide. A thorough investigation of existing public health interventions to prevent vaping among adolescents is imperative to reduce serious and avoidable vaping-related health risks for this cohort.â¯Many vaping-prevention interventions have been described in the literature, but their key components and outcomes have not been summarized. INCLUSION CRITERIA: All English literature related to public health interventions preventing adolescent (aged 10 to 18 years) vaping from all countries will be included. METHODS: This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search of academic and gray literature using MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), PubMed, PsycINFO (Ovid), ProQuest (Health and Medicine and Sociology Collections), and Web of Science Core Collection will be performed. Articles will be screened for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. Results will be extracted using customized tools and summarized in a final report using narrative synthesis and presented in table format.
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Salud Pública , Vapeo , Humanos , Adolescente , Vapeo/prevención & control , Literatura de Revisión como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Health care providers have reported low knowledge, skill, and confidence for discussing movement behaviours (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep), which may be improved with the use of tools to guide movement behaviour discussions in their practice. Past reviews have examined the psychometric properties, scoring, and behavioural outcomes of physical activity discussion tools. However, the features, perceptions, and effectiveness of discussion tools for physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep have not yet been synthesized. The aim of this review was to report and appraise tools for movement behaviour discussions between health care providers and adults 18 + years in a primary care context within Canada or analogous countries. METHODS: An integrated knowledge translation approach guided this review, whereby a working group of experts in medicine, knowledge translation, communications, kinesiology, and health promotion was engaged from research question formation to interpretation of findings. Three search approaches were used (i.e., peer-reviewed, grey literature, and forward searches) to identify studies reporting on perceptions and/or effectiveness of tools for physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: In total, 135 studies reporting on 61 tools (i.e., 51 on physical activity, one on sleep, and nine combining two movement behaviours) met inclusion criteria. Included tools served the purposes of assessment (n = 57), counselling (n = 50), prescription (n = 18), and/or referral (n = 12) of one or more movement behaviour. Most tools were used or intended for use by physicians, followed by nurses/nurse practitioners (n = 11), and adults accessing care (n = 10). Most tools were also used or intended to be used with adults without chronic conditions aged 18-64 years (n = 34), followed by adults with chronic conditions (n = 18). The quality of the 116 studies that evaluated tool effectiveness varied. CONCLUSIONS: Many tools were positively perceived and were deemed effective at enhancing knowledge of, confidence for, ability in, and frequency of movement behaviour discussions. Future tools should guide discussions of all movement behaviours in an integrated manner in line with the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Practically, this review offers seven evidence-based recommendations that may guide future tool development and implementation.
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Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Adulto , Promoción de la Salud , Sueño , Atención Primaria de SaludRESUMEN
Therapeutic angiogenesis has long been considered a viable treatment for vasculature disruptions, including cerebral vasculature diseases. One widely-discussed treatment method to increase angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A. In animal models, treatment with VEGFA proved beneficial, resulting in increased angiogenesis, increased neuronal density, and improved outcome. However, VEGFA administration in clinical trials has thus far failed to replicate the promising results seen in animal models. The lack of beneficial effects in humans and the difficulty in medicinal translation may be due in part to administration methods and VEGFA's ability to increase vascular permeability. One solution to mitigate the side effects of VEGFA may be found in the VEGFA isoforms. VEGFA is able to produce several different isoforms through alternative splicing. Each VEGFA isoform interacts differently with both the cellular components and the VEGF receptors. Because of the different biological effects elicited, VEGFA isoforms may hold promise as a tangible potential therapeutic for cerebrovascular diseases.