RESUMEN
This chapter outlines the epidemiology of brucellosis in the Russian Federation and in five countries bordering Russia. Since the Soviet Union's dissolution, Russia and the newly formed independent republics have failed to maintain policies to control brucellosis and other zoonotic diseases. Many of these republics, due to weak animal control and prevention systems and dangerous food preparation practices, are still burdened with the human cost of brucellosis. The final summary of this section provides an example of the successful transboundary cooperative efforts between Arizona and Mexico, which could be applied to the situation between Russia and the bordering independent republics.
Asunto(s)
Brucelosis/epidemiología , Animales , Arizona/epidemiología , Brucelosis/prevención & control , Brucelosis/veterinaria , Bovinos , Comunidad de Estados Independientes/epidemiología , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , México/epidemiología , Políticas , Uzbekistán/epidemiología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Autocuidado/instrumentación , Blanqueamiento de Dientes/instrumentación , Peróxido de Carbamida , Dispositivos para el Autocuidado Bucal , Combinación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Peróxidos/efectos adversos , Peróxidos/uso terapéutico , Estomatitis/inducido químicamente , Blanqueamiento de Dientes/efectos adversos , Blanqueamiento de Dientes/métodos , Urea/efectos adversos , Urea/análogos & derivados , Urea/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria , Clínicas Odontológicas , Embalaje de Medicamentos , Facultades de Odontología , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol , Bacterias Aerobias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Análisis del Estrés Dental , HumanosAsunto(s)
Coronas , Porcelana Dental , Estética Dental , Color , Diseño de Dentadura , Humanos , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
A questionnaire on the teaching of direct gold was mailed to each dental school in the United States, and a telephone survey of direct gold requirements on all state and regional licensure examining boards was conducted. While the vast majority of schools still teach direct gold in some form, there is a definite trend toward deemphasis of this material both in dental education and in licensing examinations. Cited as major reasons for this decline are (1) the observation that relatively few practicing dentists offer direct gold as a treatment alternative, (2) the decline in faculty motivation and dedication in teaching the techniques, and (3) the shifting of available curriculum time away from direct gold to other areas of restorative dentistry.