[Historical aspects on the development of doping research on the horse in the Veterinary College in Berlin 1925-1945]. / Historische Aspekte zur Entwicklung der Dopingforschung beim Pferd an der Veterinärmedizinischen Bilungsstätte in Berlin 1925-1945.

Since the early twenties several institutes of the Veterinary College in Berlin were involved in the development of microchemical analyzing methods for doping-alkaloids and clinical studies in doped race horse. This research made it possible to build national acting structures against the abuse of doping in race horses, which soon became a model for similar activities in other countries, for instance Greece, Japan and the United States. Concerning the results of their research, the scientists of the Veterinary College in Berlin have got an enormous part in fighting against doping in race horses in Germany. In the year 1943 the second world war led to a stagnation of the development of spectroscopical methods and clinical investigations of this field.

[Historical review of development of veterinary toxicology in Berlin from 1790-1945]. / Eine historische Betrachtung zur Entwicklung der Veterinär-Toxikologie in Berlin von 1790-1945.

The main aspects of the development of veterinary toxicology from the time of foundation of the veterinary college in Berlin 1790 up to 1945 are being described. The first toxicological experiments were made in 1821. The teaching of veterinary toxicology in Berlin began in 1872 and the foundation of the Department of Pharmacology as a part of Small Animal Clinic was in 1886. The historical development may be divided in four periods. In the first, from 1821-1830, acute and chronical intoxications were examined. The second period, from 1831-1870, has been determined by experimental drug toxicology and the beginning of environmental toxicology. In 1935 were the foundation of an independent Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and in this time the toxicological research reached an internationally important level.

[Interrelationships between methylmercury exposure and selenium supplementation in cockerels using selected laboratory diagnostic parameters and toxicological parameters of residues]. / Wechselwirkungen zwischen Methylquecksilber-Belastung und Selen-Supplementation bei Junghähnen anhand ausgewählter labordiagnostischer und rückstandstoxikologischer Parameter.

A feed loading experiment was applied in 2 phases to 45 young cocks over 12 weeks, using 1,2-N,N-bis(methylmercury)-p-toluolsulphamide-dressed wheat (50% of base ration). Investigations were conducted to study the effects of selenium supplementation (0,2 mg Se as sodium selenite/l drinking water) on biochemical and hematological parameters (calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, activity of alkaline phosphatase, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leucocyte count) as well as on parameters relating to toxicological residues (selenium and mercury levels in liver, musculature and kidneys). Statistically secured differences were found to exist between the experimental groups with regard to selenium and mercury in the liver and mercury concentrations in kidneys. Possible interrelationships were discussed.

[Orienting toxicologic studies in Wistar rats for the evaluation of knotgrass--(Polygonum convolvulus)--seed]. / Orientierende toxikologische Untersuchungen an Wistar-Ratten zur Bewertung von Windenknöterich--(Polygonum-convolvulus) Samen.

Black bindweed seed (Polygonum convolvulus) from the 1987 harvest was tested for possible toxicity in a 38-day range-finding test with Wistar rats which received feed rations on the basis of VDT-1 standard feedstuff and components of 5 or 20%. Histological liver findings as well as parameters recorded from laboratory diagnosis (plasma activities of ALAT, ASAT, and gamma GT as well as total protein and albumin levels in plasma) were indicative of incipient impairment of liver metabolism. More detailed and comprehensive chemico-analytical investigations are recommended, with due consideration of the unity between high-value primary components, on the one hand, and possibly toxic secondary constituent substances, on the other.

[Experimental laboratory diagnostic and residual toxicological studies in young cocks after feeding mercury-disinfected seed with and without selenium supplementation]. / Experimentell-labordiagnostische und -rückstandstoxikologische Untersuchungen an Junghähnen nach Fütterung quecksilbergebeizten Saatgutes mit und ohne Selensupplementation.

A feed loading experiment was applied in 2 phases to 45 young cocks over 12 weeks, using 1.2 (N, N-bis/methylmercury/-p-toluolsulphamide)-dressed wheat (50% of base ration). The experimental animals were White-Leghorn laying hybrids. Investigations were conducted to study the effects of exclusive exposure to mercury and those of mercury with addition of 0.2 mg of sodium selenite/l drinking water on biochemical parameters (calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, activity of alkaline phosphatase, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leucocyte count) as well as on parameters relating to toxicological residues (selenium and mercury levels in liver, musculature, and kidneys). Statistically secured differences were found to exist between the experimental groups with regard to selenium and mercury in the liver and mercury concentrations in kidneys. These data have shown that the problem of residualisation cannot be solved by selenium supplementation in parallel to methylmercury loading. The results recorded are likely to confirm the need for a general ban on feeding mercury-dressed seed.

[Effect of dl-alpha-tocopherol on incorporation of selenium in "selenium-indicating" organs and on glutathione peroxidase activity in rat and rabbit erythrocytes following application of therapeutic doses of sodium selenite]. / Einfluss von dl-alpha-Tokopherol auf die Seleneinlagerung in "selenanzeigende" Organe und die Aktivität der Glutathionperoxydase in den Erythrozyten von Kaninchen und Ratten nach der Aplikation von Natriumselenit in therapeutischer Dosis.

An explanation of the functions of both vitamin E and selenium in metabolism and an account of the correlations between them is followed by reference to the results obtained by the authors of this paper from studies into the effects of dl-alpha-tocopherol on selenium levels in the M. longissimus dorsi, blood, and liver as well as on the activity of glutathione-peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in erythrocytes of rabbit and rat, following application of therapeutic doses of selenium (0.5 mg/kg live weight). In both species selenium application increased the glutathione-peroxidase activity in erythrocytes. Vitamin E had no additional effect. Application of selenium was followed by rise in intraorganic selenium concentrations. In rabbit, the effect of vitamin T on intraorganic distribution of selenium caused an increased of the selenium level in the liver, but not in the muscles. No vitamin E effect was recordable in the rat. The findings are discussed, with conclusions being suggested for the treatment of metabolic disorders in the context of selenium and vitamin E and for non-invasive liver therapy.

[Distribution pattern, statistical analysis and correlation of selenium levels in swine selenium-indicating organs]. / Verteilungstyp, statistische Msszahlen und Korrelationen des Selengehalts in "selenanzeigenden" Organen von Schweinen.

There is a potential risk of excessive selenium levels in organs of swine, resulting in toxicity and residues in pork, or selenium deficit. Therefore, random selenium mean values in "selenium-indicating" organs of pigs selected from suspicious populations were compared with mean and limiting values (reference or normal values) recorded from animals with intact metabolism. Prerequisites required for such comparative assessment included the availability of estimated variance values and knowledge of the presence of abscence of agreement between normal distribution and empirical frequency distribution for the population concerned. Knowledge must be available also on the informative value of measured selenium data in blood plasma and their relevance to the general selenium situation in the organism and muscle at large. These were some of the problems studied by determining selenium levels in the liver, kidneys, blood plasma, and M. longissimus dorsi. Organic selenium concentrations were found to be distributed with right axis deviation but almost normal. The parameters established were typical of the majority of data known from literature. Those date, however, are quite variable, so that the need for independently prepared reference values cannot be abandoned. Correlation analysis showed reciprocal relationships between selenium levels in blooc plasma, liver, and muscles but much less correlation between these, on the one hand, and selenium in kidneys, on the other. The correlations between blood plasma and muscle selenium were close enough to take blood plasma values recorded from the living animal as reference from which to draw conclusions as to the muscular selenium state.