The IDEAL classification system: a new method for classifying fractures of the distal extremity of the radius - description and reproducibility.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE There is no consensus concerning which classification for distal radius fractures is best and the existing methods present poor reproducibility. This study aimed to describe and assess the reproducibility of the new IDEAL classification, and to compare it with widely used systems. DESIGN AND SETTING Reproducibility study, Hand Surgery Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS The IDEAL classification and its evidence-based rationale are presented. Sixty radiographs (posteroanterior and lateral) from patients with distal radius fractures were classified by six examiners: a hand surgery specialist, a hand surgery resident, an orthopedic generalist, an orthopedic resident and two medical students. Each of them independently assessed the radiographs at three different times. We compared the intra and interobserver concordance of the IDEAL, AO, Frykman and Fernandez classifications using Cohen's kappa (κ) (for two observers) and Fleiss's κ (for more than two observers). RESULTS The concordance was high for the IDEAL classification (κ = 0.771) and moderate for Frykman (κ = 0.556), Fernandez (κ = 0.671) and AO (κ = 0.650). The interobserver agreement was moderate for the IDEAL classification (κ = 0.595), but unsatisfactory for Frykman (κ = 0.344), Fernandez (κ = 0.496) and AO (κ = 0.343). CONCLUSION The reproducibility of the IDEAL classification was better than that of the other systems analyzed, thus making the IDEAL system suitable for application. Complementary studies will confirm whether this classification system makes adequate predictions for therapy and prognosis.

The IDEAL classification system: a new method for classifying fractures of the distal extremity of the radius description and reproducibility / Classificacao IDEAL: um novo metodo de classificacao para as fraturas da extremidade distal do radio descricao e reprodutibilidade

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE There is no consensus concerning which classification for distal radius fractures is best and the existing methods present poor reproducibility. This study aimed to describe and assess the reproducibility of the new IDEAL classification, and to compare it with widely used systems. DESIGN AND SETTING Reproducibility study, Hand Surgery Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS The IDEAL classification and its evidence-based rationale are presented. Sixty radiographs (posteroanterior and lateral) from patients with distal radius fractures were classified by six examiners: a hand surgery specialist, a hand surgery resident, an orthopedic generalist, an orthopedic resident and two medical students. Each of them independently assessed the radiographs at three different times. We compared the intra and interobserver concordance of the IDEAL, AO, Frykman and Fernandez classifications using Cohen's kappa (κ) (for two observers) and Fleiss's κ (for more than two observers). RESULTS The concordance was high for the IDEAL classification (κ = 0.771) and moderate for Frykman (κ = 0.556), Fernandez (κ = 0.671) and AO (κ = 0.650). The interobserver agreement was moderate for the IDEAL classification (κ = 0.595), but unsatisfactory for Frykman (κ = 0.344), Fernandez (κ = 0.496) and AO (κ = 0.343). CONCLUSION The reproducibility of the IDEAL classification was better than that of the other systems analyzed, thus making the IDEAL system suitable for application. Complementary studies will confirm whether this classification system makes adequate predictions for therapy and prognosis. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO Não existe consenso sobre qual é a melhor classificação para as fraturas do rádio distal e os métodos existentes apresentam baixa reprodutibilidade. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever e avaliar a reprodutibilidade de uma nova classificação (a IDEAL) comparando-a com as classificações mais amplamente utilizadas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL Estudo de reprodutibilidade, Disciplina de Cirurgia da Mão, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MÉTODOS Apresentamos a classificação IDEAL e sua fundamentação teórica baseada em evidências. Sessenta radiografias (anteroposterior e de perfil) de pacientes com fraturas do rádio distal foram classificadas por seis examinadores: um especialista e um residente de cirurgia da mão, um ortopedista, um residente de ortopedia e dois estudantes de medicina. Cada um, independentemente, avaliou as radiografias em três momentos diferentes. Analisamos a concordância intra e interobservador da classificação IDEAL, AO, Frykman e Fernandez, utilizando o kappa (κ) de Cohen (para dois observadores) e κ de Fleiss (para mais de dois observadores). RESULTADOS A concordância demonstrou-se elevada para a classificação IDEAL (κ = 0,771) e moderada para Frykman (κ = 0,556), Fernandez (κ = 0,671) e AO (κ = 0,650). A concordância interobservador foi moderada para a classificação IDEAL (κ = 0,595), mas insatisfatória para Frykman (κ = 0,344), Fernandez (κ = 0,496) e AO (κ = 0,343). CONCLUSÃO A reprodutibilidade da classificação IDEAL se demonstrou superior quando comparada às analisadas neste estudo, tornando a classificação IDEAL adequada para aplicação. Estudos complementares confirmarão se esta classificação é adequada para previsão ...

EVALUATION OF HEPATIC FUNCTION AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING ENOXAPARIN.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hepatic changes resulting from the use of enoxaparin for prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis among patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Thirty-two patients underwent elective total hip arthroplasty, using enoxaparin, and were followed up for 65 days with serial hepatic enzyme assays. RESULTS: Changes in laboratory parameters were found in up to 75% of the patients during the study, but the parameters normalized after suspension of the treatment. No clinical evidence of hepatic lesions was found. CONCLUSION: The hepatic enzyme levels increase in most patients using enoxaparin, but without clinical correlation, and the levels normalize after suspension of the treatment.

Avaliação da função hepática em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril em uso de enoxaparina / Evaluation of hepatic function in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty using enoxaparin

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações hepáticas decorrentes do uso de enoxaparina para profilaxia da trombose venosa profunda em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril. MÉTODOS: Trinta e dois pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril, em caráter eletivo, utilizando enoxaparina, foram acompanhados por 65 dias com dosagens seriadas das enzimas hepáticas. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas alterações laboratoriais em até 75 por cento dos pacientes durante o estudo, que normalizaram após a suspensão do tratamento. Não houve manifestação clínica de lesão hepática. CONCLUSÃO: As enzimas hepáticas elevam-se na maioria dos pacientes em uso de enoxaparina, sem correlação clínica, e normalizam após a suspensão do tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hepatic changes due to the use of enoxaparin for prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis in patients submitted to total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Thirty two patients submitted to elective total hip arthroplasty, using enoxaparin, were followed up for 65 days with serial doses of hepatic enzymes. RESULTS: Laboratory changes were found in up to 75 percent of patients during the study, which normalized after suspension of the treatment. No clinical evidence of hepatic lesion was found. CONCLUSION: Increase in hepatic enzymes levels occurs in most patients using enoxaparin, but without clinical relevance, and normalizes after suspension of the treatment.