Estimulaçäo com adaptaçäo de freqüência controlada pelo sistema nervoso autônomo - uma avaliaçäo clínica / ANS controlled rate-adaptive pacing: a clinical evaluation

Para o tratamento da incompetência cronotrópica, marcapassos com adaptaçäo em freqüência baseados em diferentes sinais de sensores têm sido desenvolvidos, visando restaurar o mecanismo fisiológico em malha fechada e utilizando informaçäo fornecida pelo sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA). A medida da impedância cardíaca unipolar permite a monitorizaçäo do estado de contraçäo do coraçäo, diretamente relacionado ao tônus simpático. Marcapassos uni ou bicamerais com sistemas responsivos controlados pelo SNA foram implantados em 262 pacientes em vários centros clínicos. Protocolos de exercícios clíncos, monitorizaçäo por Holter, testes de estresse psicológico e estudos adicionais visando uma variaçäo intencional do tônus simpático confirmaram a resposta fisiológica em freqüência para os vários tipos de mudanças hemodinâmicas.

ANS controlled closed loop cardiac pacing - a multicenter study

A pacemaker system has been developed that in controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It measures the intracardiac impedance and derives a measure for the sympathetic drive from specific characteristics of the impedance curves. The pacing rate is adapted to this measure and thus is put under closed loop control of the ANS. In this paper the validity of the sensor principle and calculation of pacing rate were investigated. The formation of a closed-loop pacing rate regulation was demonstrad. Furthermore the entire system was validated in a clinical stting evaluating rate adaptive performance and benefit for the patient.

Micrometástasis en médula ósea en cáncer colorrectal / Micrometastasis in bone marrow in colo-rectal carcinoma

Los métodos de diagnósticos convencionales son insuficientes para comprobar las micrometástasis o la diseminación de células tumorales. Con la ayuda de nuevos métodos inmunocitoquímicos, se perfilan nuevas posibilidades para el diagnóstico de las micrometástasis, puesto que ellos pueden diferenciar células histogenéticamente distintas. El anticuerpo monoclonal Cytokeratin 2 (MAK CK2), que marca el componente 18 de citokeratina del carcinoma colorrectal (CCR), es el más adecuado para demostrar las micrometástasis en la médula ósea. Nosotros hemos podido identificar células CK2 - positivas, con los carácteres de micrometástasis, en las médulas óseas de 22 enfermos, de un total de 82 pacientes con CCR. Se analiza el hallazgo de las micrometástasis, mediante dicho método, en función de los factores dados por el paciente y el tumor. Esto es, edad y sexo, localización y tamaño del tumor primario, presencia de adenopatías, de metástasis a distancia y según los grados histopatológicos de malignidad

Tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--Florida.

Florida reported 1858 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 8455 cases of tuberculosis from January 1, 1981, through October 31, 1986. Of the patients with AIDS, 159 (8.6%) also had tuberculosis, and 154 (1.8%) of the patients with tuberculosis also had AIDS. Among patients with both diagnoses, tuberculosis was diagnosed before AIDS by more than 1 month in 50%, was diagnosed within 1 month before or 1 month after the diagnosis of AIDS in 30%, and was diagnosed more than 1 month after the AIDS diagnosis in 20%. Compared with patients with AIDS only, patients with both diagnoses were also more likely to be Haitian, black (other than Haitian), or Hispanic. Compared with patients with tuberculosis only, patients with both diagnoses were more likely to be younger, male, Haitian, black (other than Haitian), and Hispanic, have extrapulmonary tuberculosis and negative tuberculin skin tests, and have noncavitary chest roentgenograms. These data suggest that patients with AIDS may have an increased risk of tuberculosis and that patients with both diagnoses differ in important demographic and clinical characteristics from patients with AIDS only or tuberculosis only.

Transmission of HIV in Belle Glade, Florida: lessons for other communities in the United States.

The high cumulative incidence of AIDS and the large percentage of AIDS patients with no identified risks in Belle Glade, Florida, were evaluated through case interviews and neighborhood-based seroepidemiologic studies. It was found that of 93 AIDS patients reported between July 1982 and 1 August 1987, 34 could be directly linked to at least one other AIDS patient or to a person with AIDS-related complex by sexual contact, sharing of needles during intravenous drug abuse (or both), or perinatal exposure; of 877 randomly selected adults, 28 had antibodies to HIV; no person over age 60 and none of 138 children aged 2 to 10 years had antibodies to HIV; no clustering of infected persons within households occurred, except in sex partners; and HIV-seropositive adults were more likely than HIV-seronegative adults to be from Haiti, have a lower income, report sex with intravenous drug abusers, and have a history of previous treatment for sexually transmitted diseases. The presence of antibodies to five arboviruses prevalent in South Florida or the Caribbean did not correlate significantly with HIV infection. The high cumulative rate of AIDS in Belle Glade appears to be the result of HIV transmission through sexual contact and intravenous drug abuse; the evidence does not suggest transmission of HIV through insects.

[Malnutrition and anemia in children hospitalized in Martinique]. / Malnutrition et anémie chez des enfants hospitalisés en Martinique.

In order to assess prevalences, characteristics and risk factors of malnutrition and anemia, a clinical and biological study was undertaken at Lamentin hospital in 100 hospitalized children aged 6 months to 6 years. Forty seven p. cent of children were underweight and 38 p. cent were anemic. Anemia and iron deficiency predominated in the under-24-month age group, whereas wasting was the dominate finding in older children. Under 2 years of age, risk factors for wasting and anemia were associated with method of breastfeeding. Over 2 years of age, low birthweight was the only risk factor of wasting identified. In Martinique, nutritional deficiency is common in children admitted to hospital and a high index of suspicion is indicated in the hospitalized population. Following the resolution of infections, supplemental iron therapy must be considered for a great number of children under 2 years of age.

Prophylaxis of varicella in high-risk children: dose-response effect of zoster immune globulin.

Immunodeficient patients who were presumed to be susceptible received zoster immune globulin prophylaxis after exposure to varicella. The highest clinical attack rate (35.9%) was seen in household contacts; the lowest attack rate (0%) was observed in children exposed at school. Among household contacts, 48 of 100 patients who received high titer ZIG (reciprocal complement fixation titer greater than or equal to 2,560) developed fourfold rises in serum CF antibody between pre- and 48-hour post-treatment specimens, compared to only one of 34 patients treated with lower titer ZIG lots (P less than 0.001). Patients who developed fourfold antibody rises were significantly less likely to contract clinical varicella (P less than 0.01). Patients who received high titer ZIG also had significantly lower risks of death (P = 0.025) and complications (P = 0.006). Among ZIG-treated patients who contracted clinical varicella, 80% developed mild disease (less than 100 pox), and the median incubation period was prolonged. Immunodeficient children exposed to varicella benefit from ZIG prophylaxis and higher titer ZIG is of greatest benefit.

The control of a Type 1 poliomyelitis epidemic in British Guiana, 1962-1963, with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine

A total of 485 paralytic cases occured over a ten week period, 90 percent under age 5. Vaccine was administered to 85 per cent of the children age 5 or less over a 4 week period. A definite beneficial effect was noted: the effectiveness rate was calculated to be 86 per cent (AU)