[Cannabis use in adolescents : Narrative Review and Position paper of the "Addiction Disorders in Adolescents" task force of the Austrian Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy (ÖGKJP)]. / Cannabisgebrauch bei Jugendlichen : Übersicht und Positionspapier der Arbeitsgruppe "Suchtstörungen im Jugendalter" der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (ÖGKJP).

BACKGROUND: Cannabis is the illegal drug most frequently used by Minors in Austria. Due to the gradual decriminalization and legalization that has taken place in many European countries in recent years, the ÖGKJP would like to take a balanced and scientifically based stand on the complex issue of cannabis use and abuse among young people. METHODS: The authors searched the medline for current studies using searches tailored to each specific subtopic. Furthermore, recognized compendiums were quoted. RESULTS: While occasional recreational use of cannabis in adults with completed brain maturation and no risk profile for mental disorders is likely to be relatively harmless, early initiation of use with regular use and the increasingly available, highly potent cannabis varieties can lead to explicit and sometimes irreversible neurocognitive brain dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Legalisation of cannabis consumption for minors needs to be objected to due to the risks of the expected damage in the area of brain development. At the same time, however, it is important to establish sensible legal regulations in order to be able to adequately counteract the fact that over 30% of all European young people occasionally consume cannabis. We are also clearly recommending to not criminalize cannabis users and provide necessary support to vulnerable and addicted cannabis users.

Towards an International Consensus on the Prevention, Treatment, and Management of High-Risk Substance Use and Overdose among Youth.

Background and Objectives: Now more than ever, there is an obvious need to reduce the overall burden of disease and risk of premature mortality that are associated with mental health and substance use disorders among young people. However, the current state of research and evidence-based clinical care for high-risk substance use among youth is fragmented and scarce. The objective of the study is to establish consensus for the prevention, treatment, and management of high-risk substance use and overdose among youth (10 to 24 years old). Materials and Methods: A modified Delphi technique was used based on the combination of scientific evidence and clinical experience of a group of 31 experts representing 10 countries. A semi-structured questionnaire with five domains (clinical risks, target populations, intervention goals, intervention strategies, and settings/expertise) was shared with the panelists. Based on their responses, statements were developed, which were subsequently revised and finalized through three iterations of feedback. Results: Among the five major domains, 60 statements reached consensus. Importantly, experts agreed that screening in primary care and other clinical settings is recommended for all youth, and that the objectives of treating youth with high-risk substance use are to reduce harm and mortality while promoting resilience and healthy development. For all substance use disorders, evidence-based interventions should be available and should be used according to the needs and preferences of the patient. Involuntary admission was the only topic that did not reach consensus, mainly due to its ethical implications and resulting lack of comparable evidence. Conclusions: High-risk substance use and overdoses among youth have become a major challenge. The system's response has been insufficient and needs substantial change. Internationally devised consensus statements provide a first step in system improvement and reform.

[Adult ADHD and borderline personality disorder: A pilot study on differences in attachment and early traumatization]. / ADHS im Erwachsenenalter und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung: Eine Pilotstudie zu den Unterschieden im Bindungsstil und frühkindlichen Traumatisierungen.

Adult ADHD and borderline personality disorder: A pilot study on differences in attachment and early traumatization Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood and borderline personality disorder (BPD) share commondiagnostic criteria.The present study examined how ADHD in adulthood can be distinguished from BPDregarding attachment style and traumatic experiences. METHOD: The sample consists of N = 30 persons with 50% (n = 15) ADHD patients and 50% (n = 15) BPD patients. The patients were asked to fill out different questionnaires to investigate the criteria for specific symptoms. RESULTS: The results show that most of the patients are insecurely attached. In addition, 80% of both the ADHD and BPD sample claimed traumatic experiences in their childhood or adolescence. Most frequently, patients reported traumatisation following emotional neglect and emotional abuse. No group-specific differences concerning traumatic experiences and the individual attachment style were determined. CONCLUSION: The etiological factors attachment style and traumatic experiences are not suitable for differentiating ADHD in adulthood and BPD.