The use of Salvinia auriculata as a bioindicator in aquatic ecosystems: biomass and structure dependent on the cadmium concentration.

This study shows, in a multiple-level approach, the responses of Salvinia auriculata to Cd pollution in aquatic ecosystems. S. auriculata ramets were cultivated in nutrient solution and subjected to five treatments with Cd for ten days. At the end of the experiment, the number of new ramets and the dry biomass were determined. For ultrastructural observations, the leaves of S. auriculata were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. At the end of the experiment, the plants exposed to Cd showed damage in the leaves including necrosis and chlorosis, stomate deformations and damaged trichomes. We observed a decrease in the number of new ramets and dry biomass of S. auriculata following the increase in Cd concentration in the solution. At the ultrastructural level, leaves exposed to Cd presented chloroplast deformations and deterioration in the cell wall. All the symptoms of toxicity were directly proportionate to the concentration of Cd in the solution. The results suggests that S. auriculata shows good potential for use as a bioindicator and it can be used in the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems contaminated by Cd.

The use of Salvinia auriculata as a bioindicator in aquatic ecosystems: biomass and structure dependent on the cadmium concentration / O uso de Salvinia auriculata como bioindicador em ecossistemas aquáticos: biomassa e estrutura dependentes da concentração de cádmio

This study shows, in a multiple-level approach, the responses of Salvinia auriculata to Cd pollution in aquatic ecosystems. S. auriculata ramets were cultivated in nutrient solution and subjected to five treatments with Cd for ten days. At the end of the experiment, the number of new ramets and the dry biomass were determined. For ultrastructural observations, the leaves of S. auriculata were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. At the end of the experiment, the plants exposed to Cd showed damage in the leaves including necrosis and chlorosis, stomate deformations and damaged trichomes. We observed a decrease in the number of new ramets and dry biomass of S. auriculata following the increase in Cd concentration in the solution. At the ultrastructural level, leaves exposed to Cd presented chloroplast deformations and deterioration in the cell wall. All the symptoms of toxicity were directly proportionate to the concentration of Cd in the solution. The results suggests that S. auriculata shows good potential for use as a bioindicator and it can be used in the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems contaminated by Cd.

Este estudo apresenta, em diferentes níveis de abordagem, a resposta de Salvinia auriculata à poluição de ecossistemas aquáticos por cádmio (Cd). Rametes de S. auriculata foram cultivados em solução nutritiva e expostos a cinco tratamentos com Cd durante dez dias. Ao final do experimento, o número de novos rametes e a biomassa seca foram determinados. Para observações ultraestruturais, as folhas de S. auriculata foram analisadas utilizando-se um microscópio eletrônico de varredura e a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Ao final do experimento, as plantas expostas ao Cd apresentaram danos nas folhas, como necrose e clorose, além de estômatos deformados e tricomas danificados. Foi observado um menor número de rametes e diminuição da biomassa seca de S. auriculata com o aumento da concentração de Cd na solução. Em nível ultraestrutural, as folhas expostas ao Cd apresentaram má formação dos cloroplastos e deterioração da parede celular. Todos os sintomas de toxidade foram diretamente proporcionais à concentração de Cd na solução. Os resultados sugerem que S. auriculata apresenta um bom potencial para uso como bioindicador e pode ser usada em programas de biomonitoramento de ecossistemas aquáticos contaminados por Cd.

[Pterigium colli: secondary surgical correction of one severe case]. / Pterygium colli: reprise d'une correction chirurgicale d'un cas sévère.

Congenital web neck is a deformity hardly ever reported in the English literature. It is usually associated to Ulrrich-Turner syndrome. There are several options to correct this deformity, but in severe cases complete correction of the web and the abnormal back hair is not always possible. We present our experience with a secondary case where previous butterfly method was employed, a combined procedure was used achieving a satisfactory result. We considered that this technique is useful and offers an important improvement of the contour.

The use of Salvinia auriculata as a bioindicator in aquatic ecosystems: biomass and structure dependent on the cadmium concentration

This study shows, in a multiple-level approach, the responses of Salvinia auriculata to Cd pollution in aquatic ecosystems. S. auriculata ramets were cultivated in nutrient solution and subjected to five treatments with Cd for ten days. At the end of the experiment, the number of new ramets and the dry biomass were determined. For ultrastructural observations, the leaves of S. auriculata were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. At the end of the experiment, the plants exposed to Cd showed damage in the leaves including necrosis and chlorosis, stomate deformations and damaged trichomes. We observed a decrease in the number of new ramets and dry biomass of S. auriculata following the increase in Cd concentration in the solution. At the ultrastructural level, leaves exposed to Cd presented chloroplast deformations and deterioration in the cell wall. All the symptoms of toxicity were directly proportionate to the concentration of Cd in the solution. The results suggests that S. auriculata shows good potential for use as a bioindicator and it can be used in the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems contaminated by Cd.

Este estudo apresenta, em diferentes níveis de abordagem, a resposta de Salvinia auriculata à poluição de ecossistemas aquáticos por cádmio (Cd). Rametes de S. auriculata foram cultivados em solução nutritiva e expostos a cinco tratamentos com Cd durante dez dias. Ao final do experimento, o número de novos rametes e a biomassa seca foram determinados. Para observações ultraestruturais, as folhas de S. auriculata foram analisadas utilizando-se um microscópio eletrônico de varredura e a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Ao final do experimento, as plantas expostas ao Cd apresentaram danos nas folhas, como necrose e clorose, além de estômatos deformados e tricomas danificados. Foi observado um menor número de rametes e diminuição da biomassa seca de S. auriculata com o aumento da concentração de Cd na solução. Em nível ultraestrutural, as folhas expostas ao Cd apresentaram má formação dos cloroplastos e deterioração da parede celular. Todos os sintomas de toxidade foram diretamente proporcionais à concentração de Cd na solução. Os resultados sugerem que S. auriculata apresenta um bom potencial para uso como bioindicador e pode ser usada em programas de biomonitoramento de ecossistemas aquáticos contaminados por Cd.

Reconstrucción de la hipofaringe y el esófago cervical mediante autotrasplante del yeyuno / Reconstruction of the hypophaynx and cervical esophagus with jejunal autotransplantation

Se presenta la experiencia de los autores con el autotrasplante de yeyuno en cuatro pacientes con lesiones severas de la hipofaringe y el esofago cervical secundarios a lesiones por arma de fuego, arma cortopunzante, accidente de tránsito y lesion iatrogenica despues de cirugia de tiroides por cancer papilar. Se hace un recuento historico de la cirugia reconstructiva del esofago cervical, se presentan los aspectos anatomicos y fisiologicos del mecanismo de la deglucion y la descripcion de los principales detalles tecnicos del procedimiento quirurgico. Todos los pacientes desarrollaron en el posoperatorio algun grado de disfagia que fue cediendo gradualmente. Un paciente alimentado durante cinco años por sonda de gastrostomia, presento una neumonía grave por broncoaspiracion en el dia veinte posoperatorio, la cual cedió con tratamiento medico. Un paciente con fistula externa a nivel de la anastomosis superior en las primeras 72 horas, en el septimo dia luego de la operacion habia cerrado la fistula. En un paciente fue necesario repetir dos veces la anastomosis venosa por trombosis sucesiva de esta. Durante el acto operatorio se evaluo la permeabilidad de las anastomosis microvasculares y la viabilidad del asa mediante observacion del color, secrecion y peristaltismo durante un periodo de 30 minutos. En dos pacientes se exteriorizo un segmento del asa trasplantada para vigilancia de la viabilidad del asa yeyunal, que posteriormente fue resecada. La via oral se inicio en todos los pacientes a los ocho dias despues de practicarse un esofagogrania. A los cuatro pacientes se les dio de alta tolerando dieta licuada y con la sonda de gastrostomia cerrada. Por su pediculo vascular y su diámetro, el yeyuno es el injerto ideal para remplazos de hasta 20 cm de esofago cervical, y aunque funciona como un conducto pasivo, presenta una adaptacion adecuada a la deglucion si no hay compromiso neuromuscular importante en la hipofaringe. El ascenso gástrico sigue siendo el metodo de eleccion cuando se practica una esofaguectomia total. El uso del colon se reserva para los casos que por cirugia previa o por quemadura extensa no se puede utilizar el estomago. El manejo de estos pacientes debe ser multidisciplinario y debe incluir un cirujano con experiencia en microcirugia vascular.

Survival and dominant transmission of "lethal" platyspondylic dwarfism of the "West coast" types.

Torrance, San Diego, and Luton types ("West coast" types) of neonatal platyspondylic short-limbed dwarfism are suspected to be caused by dominant mutations that are obligatorily lethal. We report on an affected mother, who passed the disease to her daughter, confirming dominant disease transmission. Survival of the mother indicates a wider phenotypic spectrum.

Autotrasplante de yeyuno en esyenosis del esófago cervical: informe de 1 caso / Jejunum autotrasplantation in cervical esophagus stenosis: a case report

Se presenta el caso clinico de un paciente con estenosis postraumatica del tercio superior del esófago, el cual se mantenia con alimentación por sonda de gastrostomia y a quien se le practicó autoinjerto libre de yeyuno, utilizando la tecnica microquirurgica para restablecer la circulaclon sanguinea del yeyuno trasplantado al cuello. El paciente evoluciono satisfactoriamente y sin complicaciones. Presento una discreta disfagia inicial que desaparecio en corto tiempo. Se describe la tecnica operatoria utilizada y se revisan las principales complicaciones asociadas a este procedimiento.

High-dose propranolol therapy in the management of supraventricular tachycardia.

Five patients, age 3 weeks to 11 years, presented with supraventricular tachycardia that remained uncontrolled following adequate digitalization. Four of these patients underwent invasive electrophysiologic studies to determine the mechanism of the arrhythmias. Of these four patients, three had concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and one patient had evidence of dual A-V nodal pathways. Propranolol was added to the medical treatment and was administered orally in doses ranging from 7 to 14 mg/kg/day (average 9 mg/kg/day). All five children remain free of their tachycardia except for one patient who occasionally has supraventricular tachycardia with febrile illnesses. No adverse reactions to these high doses of propranolol were encountered.