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1.
J Mycol Med ; 28(3): 561-567, 2018 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30060991

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the antidermatophytic activity of 48 extracts obtained from medicinal plants (Cibotium barometz, Melastoma malabathricum, Meuhlenbeckia platyclada, Rhapis excelsa, Syzygium myrtifolium, Vernonia amygdalina) and marine algae (Caulerpa sertularioides, Kappaphycus alvarezii) against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale (ATCC reference strains), and the cytotoxicity using African monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. Active plant extracts were screened for the presence of phytochemicals and tested against clinical isolates of Trichophyton tonsurans. METHODS: Six different extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water) were obtained from each plant or algae sample using sequential solvent extraction. The antidermatophytic activity for the extracts was assessed using a colourimetric broth microdilution method. The viability of Vero cells was measured by Neutral Red uptake assay. RESULTS: All the extracts (except the water extracts of V. amygdalina, C. sertularioides and K. alvarezii) showed antidermatophytic activity against Trichophyton spp. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranges for the plant extracts against T. rubrum and T. interdigitale are 0.0025-2.50 and 0.005-2.50mg/mL, respectively. The algae extracts exhibited lower potency against both species, showing MFC ranges of 0.08-2.50 and 0.31-2.50mg/mL, respectively. The ethanol and methanol extracts from the leaves of R. excelsa, and the methanol and water extracts from the leaves of S. myrtifolium were highly active (MFC<0.1mg/mL) and with high selectivity indices (SI>2.8) against reference strains of T. rubrum and T. interdigitale, and most of the clinical isolates of T. tonsurans. Phytochemical analysis indicates the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics and triterpenoids in the extracts. CONCLUSIONS: The medicinal plant extracts exhibited stronger antidermatophytic activity compared to the algae extracts. The leaves of R. excelsa and S. myrtifolium are potential sources of new antidermatophytic agents against Trichophyton spp.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Arthrodermataceae/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Algas Marinas/química , Animales , Antifúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Arthrodermataceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arthrodermataceae/fisiología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/química , Células Vero
2.
Breast ; 14(2): 131-5, 2005 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15767182

RESUMEN

Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is a well-established treatment for early breast cancer. However, rates of BCS differ in different countries and institutions. This study attempts to find the factors affecting BCS in a local acute care hospital. To this end, 389 patients with early breast cancers treated between 2000 and 2002 were enrolled. Indications for mastectomy were more likely to be documented by breast surgeons (45%) than by other surgeons (30.6%) (P = 0.052). Univariate analysis showed that patients who had smaller tumours, were operated on in 2002 and were operated on by breast specialists were more likely to have undergone BCS. Multivariate analysis, after exclusion of patients with compelling indications for mastectomy, showed that the year of operation (p < 0.001) and the surgeon's subspecialty (p = 0.003) remained independent predictors of BCS. Thus, the surgeon has a crucial role in increasing the BCS rate in the treatment of early breast cancer.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Mastectomía Segmentaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Mastectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Cirugía General/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Estudios Retrospectivos
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