RESUMEN
Thirty-one patients were assessed for changes in pain and maximal mouth opening (MMO) before and after total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement. All prosthetic joint replacements used the Christensen fossa-eminence prosthesis system; 18 were unilateral and 13 bilateral. There were more women (n=22) than men (n=9), and their mean age was 45 years (women 46, range 18-74, and men 42, range 28-69). Indications for replacement included osteoarthritis, ankylosis, and "other". There were overall significant improvements in pain scores for the whole group at one year (95% CI 6.3-8.5 compared with 0.2-3.0) and for women alone (6.5 to 9.2 compared with -0.5 to 2.0). There were also significant improvements in pain scores in both those with osteoarthritis (95% CI 8.1 to 8.9 compared with -0.8 to 3.8) and the group with "other" diagnoses at the 12-month follow-up (95% CI 4.4 to 10.7 compared with -0.2 to 0.5). Finally, there was a significant improvement in MMO in the whole group at the time of 12-month follow-up (95% CI 15.8-23.5 compared with 24.0-32.3).
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo/métodos , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/cirugía , Articulación Temporomandibular/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Estudios Prospectivos , Rango del Movimiento ArticularRESUMEN
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is one of the major causes of infectious abortion in sheep. To further understand the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, serum, amniotic and allantoic fluids and foetal stomach contents were collected from experimentally infected pregnant ewes to determine pathogen numbers and other markers of infection. Fifteen pregnant ewes (90 days of gestation) were each orally inoculated with 3000 sporulated oocysts of T. gondii. Serum samples were collected weekly following challenge. Amniotic and allantoic fluids and foetal stomach contents were collected at 21, 25, 28, 33 and 35 days post-infection. Characteristic placental lesions were detected in 1 of 4 challenged ewes at day 25, 3 of 4 challenged ewes at day 28 and in all challenged ewes at days 33 and 35 post-infection. T. gondii was detected only sporadically in amniotic and allantoic fluids before 35 days of infection, by real-time PCR, and only in ewes with placental lesions. At 35 days post-infection, high numbers of parasite were detected in both amniotic and allantoic fluids. An increase in the number of fluids from challenged animals with IgM and IgG was detected over time, except for IgG in allantoic fluid, which was detected in all samples from day 21 post-infection. IgG in amniotic and allantoic fluids was shown to be specific for T. gondii, and reacted with antigens with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 22 kDa and 30 kDa. Results suggest a maternal source of immunoglobulin in the allantoic fluid and a foetal source of immunoglobulin in the amniotic fluid early in infection but that both sources may contribute immunoglobulin to both fluids at a later stage.
Asunto(s)
Líquido Amniótico/química , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitología , Alantoides , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/química , Antígenos de Protozoos/sangre , Antígenos de Protozoos/química , Chlorocebus aethiops , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/química , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/química , Placenta/parasitología , Placenta/patología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/inmunología , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/patología , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/patología , Células VeroRESUMEN
Pregnant ewes were challenged with Chlamydia abortus at 91-98 days of gestation and euthanised at 14, 21 and 28 days post-challenge. IFNγ mRNA labelling appeared to be co-localised with Chlamydial lipopolysaccharide within trophoblast cells in discrete areas lining the primary villi in the limbus and hilar zone of the placentomes from challenged sheep on days 21 and 28 post-infection. The presence of IFNγ was also demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. No labelling was seen in tissues from the non-infected ewes. The presence of IFNγ in trophoblast cells from infected ewes may indicate an attempt to restrict the replication of the organism and be an important trigger for the inflammatory responses that develop on the fetal side of the placenta in enzootic abortion.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydophila/metabolismo , Chlamydophila , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Aborto Séptico/inmunología , Aborto Séptico/metabolismo , Aborto Séptico/microbiología , Aborto Séptico/veterinaria , Animales , Infecciones por Chlamydophila/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydophila/microbiología , Femenino , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Embarazo , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/inmunología , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiología , Trofoblastos/inmunología , Trofoblastos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
We describe the outcome of 46 patients 12 months after partial or total replacement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using the Christensen implant system (TMJ Implants Inc, Golden, CO, USA). The study group comprised 35 women and 11 men; the women were slightly older than the men at the time of operation. We studied three diagnostic groups in detail: patients who had ankylosis, internal derangement, and osteoarthritis. Those with ankylosis were slightly older than the others. Pain decreased over time in all three groups. There was a significant reduction between preoperative pain and that recorded 1 month postoperatively. After this point the pain decreased slowly, and by year 1 it had decreased significantly with respect to preoperative scores. Women reported worse preoperative pain than men, but not significantly so.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo , Dolor Facial/prevención & control , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Articulación Temporomandibular/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anquilosis/cirugía , Remoción de Dispositivos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Luxaciones Articulares/cirugía , Prótesis Articulares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoartritis/cirugía , Dimensión del Dolor , Estudios Prospectivos , Falla de Prótesis , Articulación Temporomandibular/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A real-time PCR (rt-PCR) targeting the 529-bp repeat element (RE) of Toxoplasma gondii was used to detect and quantify the parasite burden in maternal and foetal tissues in 18 seronegative ewes infected with 3000 toxoplasma oocysts on day 90 of pregnancy. The infected ewes were sacrificed in groups of 4-6 at 21, 25, 33 and 35 days post-challenge. Ten sham inoculated pregnant ewes were used as controls. T. gondii was not detected in the control ewes or their foeti. The parasite was only detected in the maternal tissues in a few of the challenged ewes on a small number of occasions where it was identified in spleen and uterine lymph nodes. T. gondii was detected in the foetal spleen and liver at the early sacrifice times but only sporadically thereafter. In the case of amniotic, allantoic and foetal aqueous humor samples T. gondii was only detected on a small number of occasions. However, it was found in the majority of the foetal lung and placentome samples throughout the study period, while placentomes and foetal brains contained high levels of the parasite during the later stages. Histopathological examination of placentome and brain tissue from the foeti in the present study revealed a strong correlation between histopathological lesions and quantities of the parasite DNA detected. These results indicate that the cotyledonary component of the foetal membranes is the sample of choice for the diagnosis of T. gondii by rt-PCR, followed by foetal lung and brain.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Toxoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitología , Animales , Encéfalo/parasitología , ADN Protozoario/química , ADN Protozoario/genética , Femenino , Feto/parasitología , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Placenta/parasitología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Embarazo , Distribución Aleatoria , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/diagnóstico , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmosis Animal/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Chlamydophila abortus is an intracellular pathogen and the etiological agent of enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE). C. abortus has a biphasic development cycle; extracellular infectious elementary bodies (EB) attach and penetrate host cells, where they give rise to intracellular, metabolically active reticulate bodies (RB). RB divide by binary fission and subsequently mature to EB, which, on rupture of infected cells, are released to infect new host cells. Pregnant ewes were challenged with 2 x 10(6) inclusion forming units (IFU) of C. abortus cultured in yolk sac (comprising both EB and RB). Serum samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 27, 30, 35, 40, and 43 days postinfection (dpi) and used to identify antigens of C. abortus expressed during disease. Additionally, sera from fetal lambs were collected at 30, 35, 40, and 43 dpi. All serum samples collected from experimentally infected pregnant ewes reacted specifically with several antigens of EB as determined by one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D gel electrophoresis; reactive antigens identified by mass spectrometry included the major outer membrane protein (MOMP), polymorphic outer membrane protein (POMP), and macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP) lipoprotein.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Chlamydophila/inmunología , Feto Abortado/inmunología , Animales , Western Blotting , Infecciones por Chlamydophila/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydophila/veterinaria , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Femenino , Espectrometría de Masas , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/inmunología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/microbiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/veterinaria , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Leukoencephalomyelopathy of undetermined etiology has been described in specific pathogen-free cats. A study was established to assess if the long-term feeding of a gamma-irradiated diet could induce this disease. Cats fed exclusively on diet irradiated at 25.7-38.1 kGy ("typical" dose) and 38.1-53.6 kGy (high-end dose), respectively, developed typical lesions with attendant, progressively severe ataxia between study days 140 and 174. The onset of ataxia at day 140 and the number of animals affected at this time were similar in animals fed each ration. A maximum ataxia "score" was first reached by an animal on the high-end dose diet on day 167 and by 2 cats fed the "typical-end" dose diet 21 days later. Ataxic cats and 1 animal euthanized on day 93 prior to the onset of ataxia exhibited varying degrees of Wallerian degeneration in the spinal cord and brain, similar to the spontaneous disease. The elevated total antioxidant status of spinal cord segments and hepatic superoxide dismutase concentration of cats fed typical and high-end treated diets suggested free-radical involvement in the pathogenesis. The significantly elevated peroxide concentrations of the irradiated diets (1,040% and 6,440% of untreated values) may have resulted in increased oxidative insult, a factor possibly exacerbated by the treated diets' reduced vitamin A content. This study has reproduced leukoencephalomyelopathy in cats similar to spontaneous outbreaks by feeding a gamma-irradiated dry diet with elevated peroxide and reduced vitamin A concentrations.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/efectos de la radiación , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Dieta/veterinaria , Rayos gamma , Leucoencefalopatías/veterinaria , Alimentación Animal/efectos adversos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Avitaminosis/inducido químicamente , Gatos , Grasas de la Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta , Análisis de los Alimentos , Leucoencefalopatías/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/patología , Vitaminas/análisis , Degeneración Walleriana/patología , Degeneración Walleriana/veterinariaRESUMEN
Diet restriction of rodents during adult life is known to cause an increased life span. It has been hypothesised that this increase may be related to effects on the anti-oxidant defence systems. However, it has been suggested that undernutrition during the gestation and pre-weaning may reduce their life span as it is known to have other deleterious effects on a rodent's growth and development. We have now examined the activity levels of some anti-oxidant defence system enzymes and other markers of oxidative stress in mice that have been undernourished from conception until 21 postnatal days of age, followed in some cases by a period of nutritional rehabilitation until 61 days of age. We found that such undernutrition exerted only minimal effects on oxidative stress markers under investigation (ROS enzyme activities, GSH levels, and lipid peroxidation). Only GSH levels were significantly affected by pre-weaning undernutrition. In conclusion, pre-weaning undernutrition may regulate anti-oxidant enzymes at the transcriptional level differently from that at the post-transcriptional, translational, or post-translational levels. The possible effects that these changes at the cellular level, may have on the longevity of the animals remain of great interest and importance.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Nutricionales en el Feto/metabolismo , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Lactante/metabolismo , Longevidad/fisiología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Encéfalo/enzimología , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Restricción Calórica/métodos , Catalasa/genética , Catalasa/metabolismo , Femenino , Trastornos Nutricionales en el Feto/fisiopatología , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Glutatión/metabolismo , Humanos , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Lactante/fisiopatología , Recién Nacido , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos/fisiología , Embarazo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética/fisiologíaRESUMEN
It has been hypothesised that the increased life span commonly observed in rodents that have had their diet restricted after weaning may be related to its effects on the anti-oxidant defence systems. However, undernutrition during the gestation and pre-weaning period is known to have long-term deleterious effects on a rodent's growth and development, and it has been suggested that this may reduce their life span. We have now examined some of the anti-oxidant defence system in rats that have been undernourished from conception until 21 postnatal days-of-age, followed in some cases by a period of nutritional rehabilitation until 62 days of age. We found that such undernutrition could modulate the mRNA expression of Cu/ZnSOD and catalase in some brain regions. However, only catalase showed any undernutrition-induced change of enzyme activity level. There was some evidence that undernourished (but not control) rats had an age-related increase in the level of lipid peroxidation between 21 and 62 days of age, although the group x age interaction was not statistically significant. There was no significant change in the level of reduced glutathione induced by the pre-weaning period of undernutrition. If ROS and the extent of oxidative damage are truly implicated in the determination of life span, our results indicate that this is unlikely to be markedly affected by the relatively small changes we have observed in the anti-oxidant defence systems induced by undernutrition of rats from conception until weaning.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/enzimología , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Desnutrición/complicaciones , Desnutrición/patología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Peso Corporal , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Catalasa/genética , Catalasa/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Glutatión/metabolismo , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
We report an unusual case of lingual paraesthesia caused by a fracture of the base of the skull involving the foramen ovale. As far as we know, lingual sensory neuropathy associated purely with a fracture of the base of the skull has not been reported before.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos del Nervio Craneal/complicaciones , Traumatismos del Nervio Lingual , Parestesia/etiología , Fractura Craneal Basilar/complicaciones , Accidentes de Tránsito , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Hueso Esfenoides/lesionesRESUMEN
Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare, and is almost exclusively confined to adults; we know of only four cases previously described in children. We present a 6-year-old girl who had septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint with no obvious cause. We stress the need for prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent serious consequences.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Infecciosa/terapia , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/terapia , Artritis Infecciosa/sangre , Artritis Infecciosa/complicaciones , Infecciones Bacterianas/sangre , Infecciones Bacterianas/complicaciones , Infecciones Bacterianas/terapia , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Articulación Temporomandibular/efectos de los fármacos , Articulación Temporomandibular/cirugía , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/sangre , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/complicaciones , Odontalgia/sangre , Odontalgia/etiología , Odontalgia/terapiaRESUMEN
Investigations were carried out on 8 specific pathogen-free cats (5 male and 3 female) from a colony experiencing "outbreaks" of progressive hind limb ataxia in 190 of 540 at-risk animals ranging from 3 months to 3 years old. These studies identified moderate to severe bilateral axonal degeneration within white matter regions of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord and in the white matter of the cerebral internal capsule and peduncle, in the roof of the fourth ventricle and inferior cerebellar peduncle, and in the external arcuate and pyramidal fibres of the medulla. There were varying degrees of accompanying microgliosis, astrocytosis, and capillary hyperplasia. Such a clinicopathologic syndrome, termed feline leukoencephalomyelopathy, has previously been described in cat colonies in Britain and New Zealand, although its etiology has not been determined. The degenerative nature of the lesions and their bilateral distribution suggest possible nutritional, metabolic, or toxic causes. Although these findings provide circumstantial evidence that the exclusive feeding of a gamma-irradiated diet of reduced vitamin A content is associated with the development of the neuronal lesions, further tissue micronutrient and antioxidant analysis will be required to support this hypothesis.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/veterinaria , Animales , Encefalopatías/patología , Gatos , Femenino , Masculino , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Médula Espinal/patología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/patologíaRESUMEN
Prior in vivo studies supported the concept that Mallory bodies (MBs) are aggresomes of cytokeratins 8 and 18. However, to test this hypothesis an in vitro model is needed to study the dynamics of MB formation. Such a study is difficult because MBs have never been induced in tissue culture. Therefore, MBs were first induced in vivo in drug-primed mice and then primary cultures of hepatocytes from these mice were studied. Two approaches were utilized: 1. Primary cultures were transfected with plasmids containing the sequence for cytokeratin 18 (CK 18) tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). 2. Immunofluorescent staining was used to localize the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway components involved in MB-aggresome complex formation in primary hepatocyte cultures. The cells were double stained with a ubiquitin antibody and one of the following antibodies: CK 8, CK 18, tubulin, mutant ubiquitin (UBB+1), transglutaminase, phosphothreonine, and the 20S and 26S proteasome subunits P25 and Tbp7, respectively. In the first approach, fluorescence was observed in keratin filaments and MBs 48 h after the cells were transfected with the CK 18 GFP plasmid. Nascent cytokeratin 18 was preferentially concentrated in MBs. Less fluorescence was observed in the normal keratin filaments. This indicated that MBs continued to form in vitro. The immunofluorescent staining of the hepatocytes showed that CK 8 and 18, ubiquitin, mutant ubiquitin (UBB+1), P25, Tbp7, phosphothreonine, tubulin, and transglutaminase were all located at the border or the interior of the MB. These results support the concept that MBs are aggresomes of CK 8 and CK18 and are a result of inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation possibly caused by UBB+1.
Asunto(s)
Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Cuerpos de Inclusión/metabolismo , Queratinas/metabolismo , Animales , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos , Células Cultivadas , Clormetiazol/farmacología , Medio de Cultivo Libre de Suero , Dihidropiridinas/administración & dosificación , Dihidropiridinas/metabolismo , Colorantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Moduladores del GABA/farmacología , Genes Reporteros , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/ultraestructura , Inmunohistoquímica , Cuerpos de Inclusión/química , Cuerpos de Inclusión/ultraestructura , Queratinas/genética , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Fenetilaminas/administración & dosificación , Fenetilaminas/metabolismo , Fosfotreonina/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Transfección , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/genética , Ubiquitina/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic alcoholic myopathy is characterised by reduced muscle strength and structural changes including a decrease in the diameter of Type II (glycolytic, fast-twitch, anaerobic) fibres. In contrast, the Type I fibres (oxidative, slow-twitch, aerobic) are relatively protected. It is possible that adduct formation with reactive metabolites of ethanol may be a contributory process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed skeletal muscles from rats fed nutritional-complete liquid diets containing ethanol as 35% of total dietary energy; control rats were fed the same diet in which ethanol was replaced by isocaloric glucose. Reduced-acetaldehyde, unreduced-acetaldehyde, malondialdehyde, malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde and alpha-hydroxyethyl protein-adducts in both soleus and plantaris were analysed by ELISA or immunohistochemistry with comparative studies in liver. RESULTS: After 6 weeks, the weights of the plantaris, but not the soleus, were decreased. ELISA analyses for protein adducts showed increased amounts of unreduced-acetaldehyde adducts in soleus (P < 0.025) and plantaris (P < 0.025). Reduced-acetaldehyde, malondialdehyde, malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde and alpha-hydroxyethyl protein-adducts in both soleus and plantaris muscles from ethanol-fed rats were not significantly different from their pair-fed controls (P > 0.05). In contrast, liver from ethanol-fed rats showed significantly higher levels of unreduced-acetaldehyde (P < 0.025), reduced-acetaldehyde (P < 0.01), malondialdehyde (P < 0.01), malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (P < 0.025) and alpha-hydroxyethyl radical (P < 0.01) protein adducts compared to pair-fed controls. Immuno-histochemical analysis using an antiserum reacting with both reduced- and unreduced-acetaldehyde adducts showed adducts were increased in soleus (P < 0.05) and plantaris (P < 0.025), confirming ELISA analysis. Adducts were located within the sarcolemmal (i.e. muscle membrane) and subsarcolemmal regions. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of adduct formation in myopathic skeletal muscle due to chronic alcohol ingestion and suggests a role for acetaldehyde in the aetiology of alcoholic myopathy.