Pyridine-bridged cobalt tetra-aminophthalocyanine to active peroxymonosulphate for efficient degrading carbamazepine.

In this study, each cobalt tetra-aminophthalocyanine (CoTAPc) molecule was immobilised with four isonicotinic acid (INA) molecules by amide bonding, a novel and highly efficient catalyst pyridine-bridged cobalt tetra-aminophthalocyanine (CoTAPc-TINA) was synthesised. The introduction of INA molecules promoted CoTAPc to expose more active sites, and increased the electron cloud density of cobalt ions promoting O-O bond homolysis of PMS to generate more active species, which significantly enhanced catalytic activity. With the pharmaceutical of carbamazepine (CBZ) as model pollutant, 0.1 g/L CoTAPc-TINA in dark in the presence of 0.4 mM PMS, 98.8% CBZ was removed within 10 min. However, under the same conditions the removed of CBZ was only 58.9% by CoTAPc/PMS system. Radical capture experiments combined electron paramagnetic resonance technology demonstrate that hydroxyl radicals, sulphate radicals, superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen are the main active species in the CoTAPc-TINA/PMS system. As the reaction proceeded, all aromatic intermediates were transformed to small molecular acids by these active species. This investigation provided a new insight for application of metal phthalocyanine in wastewater treatment.

Efficient and Durable Sodium, Chloride-doped Iron Oxide-Hydroxide Nanohybrid-Promoted Capacitive Deionization of Saline Water via Synergetic Pseudocapacitive Process.

Recently, the rational design and development of efficient faradaic deionization electrodes with high theoretical capacitance, natural abundance, and attractive conductivity have shown great promise for outstanding capacitive deionization (CDI)-based desalination applications. Herein, the construction of novel FeOOH hybrid heterostructures with Na and Cl dopants (e.g., Na-FeOOH and Cl-FeOOH) via a robust hydrothermal strategy is reported, and an asymmetric CDI cell (Na-FeOOH//Cl-FeOOH) comprising Na-FeOOH and Cl-FeOOH working as the cathode and anode, respectively, is assembled. The multiple coupling effects of the specific structural features (e.g., enriched porosity, hierarchical pore alignment, and highly open crystalline framework), enhanced electrochemical conductivity, and optimized ion-transfer property endow the FeOOH hybrid electrode with improved electrochemical performance. Impressively, the Na-FeOOH//Cl-FeOOH cell demonstrates a superior salt adsorption capacity (SACNaCl ) of 35.12 mg g-1 in a 500 mg L-1 NaCl solution, a faster removal rate, and remarkable cycling stability. Moreover, the pseudocapacitive removal mechanism from the synergetic contribution of the Na-FeOOH cathode and Cl-FeOOH anode account for the significant desalination promotion of the Na-FeOOH//Cl-FeOOH cell.

Small deviations for admixture additive & multiplicative processes.

Define the admixture additive processes X γ , H , α a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 ( t ) ≜ a 1 B ( t 1 ) + a 2 W γ ( t 2 ) + a 3 B H ( t 3 ) + a 4 S α ( t 4 ) ∈ R , and the admixture multiplicative processes Y γ , H , α ( t ) ≜ B ( t 1 ) ⋅ W γ ( t 2 ) ⋅ B H ( t 3 ) ⋅ S α ( t 4 ) ∈ R , where t = ( t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4 ) ∈ R + 4 , a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 are finite constants, B ( t 1 ) is the standard Brownian motion, W γ ( t 2 ) is the fractional integrated Brownian motion with index parameter γ > - 1 / 2 , B H ( t 3 ) is the fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , S α ( t 4 ) is the stable process with index α ∈ ( 0 , 2 ] , and they are independent of each other. The small deviation for X γ , H , α a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 ( t ) and the lower bound of small deviation for Y γ , H , α ( t ) are obtained. As an application, limit inf type LIL is given for X γ , H , α a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 ( t ) .