Cytotoxic lanostane-type triterpenes from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum.

A new lanostane-type triterpene, namely 3-oxo-5α-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-24-oic acid methyl ester (2), and three known compounds including ganoderal A (1), ganoderiol B (3) and ganodermenonol (4) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum by silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR data and mass spectral analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against SK-Hep-1, HepG2, Hela and Hela/VCR cancer cell lines was assessed by using MTT assay. The IC50 values of compound 1 were 43.09 ± 2.86, 42.31 ± 1.78 and 46.51 ± 1.95 µM in SK-Hep-1, HepG2 and Hela cells, respectively, after 48 h. The IC50 values of compound 4 were 44.70 ± 2.32 and 41.33 ± 2.15 µM in Hela and Hela/VCR cells, respectively, after 48 h.

Hepatic portal venous gas: A case report and analysis of 131 patients using PUBMED and MEDLINE database.

OBJECTIVE: Hepatic portal pneumatosis has a high mortality rate, and whether surgical intervention is necessary remains controversial. This experiment retrospectively analyzed the etiology, treatment methods and prognosis of adult patients with hepatoportal pneumocele to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of this disease. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical symptoms and post-treatment of a 43-year-old male patient with HPVG admitted to hospital. We retrieved adult non-iatrogenic HPVG cases with complete clinical data in PUBMED,  and MEDLINE and other databases were retrieved for analysis, and summarized the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, pathogenesis and prognosis of different treatment schemes were summarized. RESULTS: The main etiology of HPVG are intestinal ischemia (27%), severe enteritis/intestinal perforation/intestinal fistula (16%), intestinal obstruction (7%), abdominal infection (7%), gastric diseases (11%), appendicitis and its complications (5%), acute hemorrhage or necrotizing pancreatitis (5%), Crohn's disease and its complications (4%), trauma (traffic accidents, falls) (2%), diverticulitis and perforation (6%), nephrogenic diseases (4%), spontaneous pneumohepatic portal vein (2%), other reasons (4%). And after analysis, we found that the survival rate of patients treated by surgery was 40.5% and the mortality rate was 19.1%, the difference between the two was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Etiology should be actively explored and surgical treatment is necessary.

Correlations between mitochondrial DNA haplogroup D5 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Yunnan, China.

Mitochondrial abnormality is frequently reported in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but the associated hosts' mitochondrial genetic factors remain obscure. We hypothesized that mitochondria may affect host susceptibility to HBV infection. In this study, we aimed to detect the association between chronic HBV infection and mitochondrial DNA in Chinese from Yunnan, Southwest China. A total of 272 individuals with chronic HBV infection (CHB), 310 who had never been infected by HBV (healthy controls, HC) and 278 with a trace of HBV infection (spontaneously recovered, SR) were analysed for mtDNA sequence variations and classified into respective haplogroups. Haplogroup frequencies were compared between HBV infected patients, HCs and SRs. Haplogroup D5 presented a higher frequency in CHBs than in HCs (P = 0.017, OR = 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = (1.21-6.81)) and SRs (P = 0.049, OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.01-8.35). The network of haplogroup D5 revealed a distinct distribution pattern between CHBs and non-CHBs. A trend of higher viral load among CHBs with haplogroup D5 was observed. Our results indicate the risk potential of mtDNA haplogroup D5 in chronic HBV infection in Yunnan, China.

[Triterpenoids from Ganoderma theaecolum].

Fifteenlanostane triterpenoids were isolated from the ethanol extract of Ganoderma theaecolum by means of preparative HPLC,column chromatography over silica gel,ODS and were identified as lucidone C(1),lucidone D(2),7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z2(3),7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z(4),ganoderenicacid H(5),ganoderenic acid B(6),3ß,7ß-dihydroyl-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid(7),3ß,7ß-dihydroyl-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester(8),ganolucidic acid B(9),ganolucidate F(10),methyl ganoderate C2(11),ganoderic acid ζ(12),ganoderic acid AP3(13),methyl ganoderate B(14),and ganoderol B(15). Compounds 1-15 were isolated from this specie for the first time.

[Determination of nine triterpenoid acids from Ganoderma lucidum of different producting areas by HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for determining nine triterpenes contained in Ganoderma lucidum. METHOD: Chromatography conditions: Alltima C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) was adopted as the chromatographic column, with acetonitrile-0.04% formic acid solution as the mobile phase. The detective wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was 15 degrees C. RESULT: The linearities of ganoderic acid C2, ganoderic acid G, ganoderenic acid B, ganoderic acid B, ganoderenic acid A, ganoderic acid A, lucideric acid A, ganoderenic acid D, and ganoderic acid C1 ranged between 6.81-40.88, 6.38-38.25, 6.75-40.50, 6.38-38.25, 5.95-35.65, 5.90-35.25, 7.00-42.00, 6.20-37.15 and 6.05-36.4 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 4, 0.999 2, 0.999 4, 0.999 2, 0.999 2, 0.994 5, 0.999 0, 0.999 2 and 0.998 4). Their recoveries were 102.1%, 102.3%, 100.6%, 103.3%, 104.1%, 103.2%, 96.42%, 102.5% and 101.5%, with RSD being 1.5%, 0.96%, 1.9%, 1.3%, 1.7%, 2.5%, 0.62%, 2.9% and 1.3%. The content of triterpenes contained in G. lucidum samples from 31 different areas and under different cultivation conditions. CONCLUSION: The method is so feasible and highly reproducible that it can be used for quantitatie determination of the content of triterpenoid acid contained in G. lucidum.