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While the distribution of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) in the environment has been widely reported, the factors governing their release remain poorly understood. Here, we combined multi-omics and direct experimentation to test whether the release and transmission of eARGs are associated with viral lysis and heat during cow manure composting. Our results reveal that the proportion of eARGs increased 2.7-fold during composting, despite a significant and concomitant reduction in intracellular ARG abundances. This relative increase of eARGs was driven by composting temperature and viral lysis of ARG-carrying bacteria based on metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) analysis. Notably, thermal lysis of mesophilic bacteria carrying ARGs was a key factor in releasing eARGs at the thermophilic phase, while viral lysis played a relatively stronger role during the non-thermal phase of composting. Furthermore, MAG-based tracking of ARGs in combination with direct transformation experiments demonstrated that eARGs released during composting pose a potential transmission risk. Our study provides bioinformatic and experimental evidence of the undiscovered role of temperature and viral lysis in co-driving the spread of ARGs in compost microbiomes via the horizontal transfer of environmentally released DNA. IMPORTANCE: The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a critical global health concern. Understanding the factors influencing the release of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) is essential for developing effective strategies. In this study, we investigated the association between viral lysis, heat, and eARG release during composting. Our findings revealed a substantial increase in eARGs despite reduced intracellular ARG abundance. Composting temperature and viral lysis were identified as key drivers, with thermal lysis predominant during the thermophilic phase and viral lysis during non-thermal phases. Moreover, eARGs released during composting posed a transmission risk through horizontal gene transfer. This study highlights the significance of temperature and phage lysis in ARG spread, providing valuable insights for mitigating antibiotic resistance threats.
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INTRODUCTION: Patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and concomitant multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) are considered patients with extremely high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and current guidelines specify a lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target for this population. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been shown to effectively reduce LDL-C levels on a statin background. Additionally, several studies have confirmed the role of PCSK9 inhibitors in plaque regression and reducing residual cardiovascular risk in patients with ACS. However, those studies included coronary lesions with a degree of stenosis <50%. Whether the application of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with NSTE-ACS with non-culprit artery critical lesions (stenosis degree between 50% and 75%) has a similar effect on plaque regression and improvement of cardiovascular outcomes remains unknown, with a lack of relevant research. This study aims to further investigate the safety and efficacy of evolocumab in patients with NSTE-ACS and concomitant multivessel CAD (non-culprit artery stenosis between 50% and 75%). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In this single-centre clinical randomised controlled trial, 122 patients with NSTE-ACS and concomitant multivessel CAD (non-culprit artery stenosis between 50% and 75%) will be randomly assigned to either the evolocumab treatment group or the standard treatment group after completing culprit vessel revascularisation. The evolocumab treatment group will receive evolocumab in addition to statin therapy, while the standard treatment group will receive standard statin therapy. At baseline and week 50, patients in the evolocumab treatment group will undergo coronary angiography and OCT imaging to visualise pre-existing non-lesional vessels. The primary end point is the absolute change in average minimum fibrous cap thickness (FCT) from baseline to week 50. Secondary end points include changes in plaque lipid arc, lipid length, macrophage grading, lipid levels and major adverse cardiovascular events during the 1-year follow-up period. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics: this study will adhere to the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration and other applicable ethical guidelines. This study protocol has received approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), with approval number 2022-ky214. DISSEMINATION: we plan to disseminate the findings of this study through various channels. This includes publication in peer-reviewed academic journals, presentation at relevant academic conferences and communication to the public, policymakers and healthcare professionals. We will also share updates on the research progress through social media and other online platforms to facilitate the exchange and application of scientific knowledge. Efforts will be made to ensure widespread dissemination of the research results and to have a positive impact on society. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200066675.
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Síndrome Coronario Agudo , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Inhibidores de PCSK9 , Humanos , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapéutico , Anticolesterolemiantes/efectos adversos , Placa Aterosclerótica/tratamiento farmacológico , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proproteína Convertasa 9RESUMEN
The surging popularity of virtual reality (VR) technology raises concerns about VR-induced motion sickness, linked to discomfort and nausea in simulated environments. Our method involves in-depth analysis of EEG data and user feedback to train a sophisticated deep learning model, utilizing an enhanced GRU network for identifying motion sickness patterns. Following comprehensive data pre-processing and feature engineering to ensure input accuracy, a deep learning model is trained using supervised and unsupervised techniques for classifying and predicting motion sickness severity. Rigorous training and validation procedures confirm the model's robustness across diverse scenarios. Research results affirm our deep learning model's 84.9% accuracy in classifying and predicting VR-induced motion sickness, surpassing existing models. This information is vital for improving the VR experience and advancing VR technology.
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Aprendizaje Profundo , Electroencefalografía , Mareo por Movimiento , Realidad Virtual , Humanos , Mareo por Movimiento/fisiopatología , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Análisis de Ondículas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study investigated the mechanism by which fucoxanthin acts as a novel ferroptosis inducer to inhibit tongue cancer. The MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effects of fucoxanthin on SCC-25 human tongue squamous carcinoma cells. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total iron were measured. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to assess glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Keap1, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFR1), p53, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression. Molecular docking was performed to validate interactions. Compared with the control group, the activity of fucoxanthin-treated SCC-25 cells significantly decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The levels of MMP, GSH, and SOD significantly decreased in fucoxanthin-treated SCC-25 cells; the levels of ROS, MDA, and total iron significantly increased. mRNA and protein expression levels of Keap1, GPX4, Nrf2, and HO-1 in fucoxanthin-treated cells were significantly decreased, whereas levels of TFR1 and p53 were significantly increased, in a concentration-dependent manner. Molecular docking analysis revealed that binding free energies of fucoxanthin with p53, SLC7A11, GPX4, Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and TFR1 were below -5 kcal/mol, primarily based on active site hydrogen bonding. Our findings suggest that fucoxanthin can induce ferroptosis in SCC-25 cells, highlighting its potential as a treatment for tongue cancer.
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Ferroptosis , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1 , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Fosfolípido Hidroperóxido Glutatión Peroxidasa , Xantófilas , Humanos , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Ferroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Xantófilas/farmacología , Xantófilas/química , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Fosfolípido Hidroperóxido Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Lengua/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Lengua/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Lengua/patología , Receptores de Transferrina/metabolismo , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema de Transporte de Aminoácidos y+/metabolismo , Sistema de Transporte de Aminoácidos y+/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Antígenos CDRESUMEN
Rechargeable Li-CO2 batteries are deemed to be attractive energy storage systems, as they can effectively inhale and fix carbon dioxide and possess an extremely high energy density. Unfortunately, the irreversible decomposition of the insoluble and insulating Li2CO3 results in awful electrochemical performance and inferior energy efficiency of Li-CO2 batteries. Furthermore, the low energy efficiency will exacerbate the extra waste of resources. Therefore, it is vital to design novel and efficient catalysts to enhance the battery performance. Herein, a facile, one-step strategy is introduced to design cross-linked, ultrathin K0.5MnO2 nanoflowers combined with CNTs (K0.5MnO2/CNT) as a highly efficient cathode for Li-CO2 batteries. Impressively, the Li-CO2 battery based on the K0.5MnO2/CNT cathode achieves a low overpotential (1.05 V) and a high average energy efficiency (87.95%) at a current density of 100 mA g-1. Additionally, the K0.5MnO2/CNT cathode can steadily run for over 100 cycles (overpotential < 1.20 V). Moreover, a low overpotential of 1.47 V can be obtained even at a higher current density of 1000 mA g-1, indicating the superior rate performance of K0.5MnO2/CNT. This strategy offers new insight and guidance for the development of low-cost and high-performance Li-CO2 batteries.
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INTRODUCTION: Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) remains a significant clinical concern, accounting for over 70% of acute coronary syndrome cases. One well-established risk factor for NSTE-ACS is abnormal glucose metabolism, which is associated with a poor prognosis postpercutaneous coronary intervention. Effective monitoring of blood glucose is crucial in diabetes care, as it helps identify glucose metabolic imbalances, thereby guiding therapeutic strategies and assessing treatment efficacy. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides comprehensive glucose profiles. Therefore, the study aims to use CGM to track perioperative glucose variations in NSTE-ACS patients and to determine its prognostic implications. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, prospective observational study in a sample of patients (aged >18 years) with NSTE-ACS. A total of 1200 eligible patients will be recruited within 1 year at 6 sites in China. The primary composite endpoint will be determined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 3 years. MACE includes all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and target vessel revascularisation. Employing the CGM system, glucose levels will be continuously monitored throughout the perioperative phase. Prespecified cardiovascular analyses included analyses of the components of this composite and outcomes according to CGM-derived glucometrics at baseline. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has received approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China (No. 2022KY357) and will adhere to the moral, ethical and scientific principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants will provide written informed consent prior to any study-related procedures. Findings from the study will be shared at conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCT2300069663.
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Síndrome Coronario Agudo , Glucemia , Humanos , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/sangre , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/cirugía , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Estudios Prospectivos , Pronóstico , China , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Anciano , Monitoreo Continuo de Glucosa , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element; it is involved in the regulation and maintenance of many physiological functions in organisms and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Chronic gastritis is closely associated with damage to the gastric mucosa, which is detrimental to the health of humans and animals. There are few studies on the effects of zinc on, for example, gastric mucosal damage, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death in mice. Therefore, we established in vivo and in vitro models of inflammatory injury and investigated the effects of zinc supplementation in C57BL/6 mice and Ges-1 cells and examined the expression of factors associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. In this study, the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased after sodium salicylate exposure. Malondialdehyde levels increased, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased, and the activity of glutathione decreased. The NF-κB signaling pathway was activated, the levels of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) increased, and the expression of cell death-related factors (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase3, Caspase7, Caspase9, RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL) increased. Zinc supplementation attenuated the level of oxidative stress and reduced the level of inflammation and cell death. Our study indicated that sodium salicylate induced the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species and activated the NF-κB pathway, leading to inflammatory damage and cell death in the mouse stomach. Zinc supplementation modulated the ROS/NF-κB pathway, reduced the level of oxidative stress, and attenuated inflammation and cell death in the mouse stomach and Ges-1 cells.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Gastritis , Estrés Oxidativo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Transducción de Señal , Zinc , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Línea Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Gastritis/metabolismo , Gastritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Zinc/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a hallmark event in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, involving the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) towards an osteogenic state. Despite this understanding, the molecular mechanisms governing the VSMC osteogenic switch remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we sought to examine the potential role of circular RNA (circRNA) in the context of CAC. Through transcriptome analysis of circRNA-seq, we identified circTOP1 as a potential candidate circRNA in individuals with CAC. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of circTOP1 exacerbated vascular calcification in a CAC model. Subsequent pull-down assays revealed an interaction between circTOP1 and PTBP1, a putative target gene of circTOP1 in the context of CAC. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we observed heightened expression of circTOP1 and PTBP1 in the CAC model, and noted that reducing circTOP1 expression effectively reduced calcium salt deposits and mineralized nodules in model mice. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of PTBP1 reversed the weakening of signaling caused by silencing circTOP1, thereby exacerbating the osteogenic transition and calcification of VSMC. Collectively, our findings suggested that circTOP1 promotes CAC by modulating PTBP1 expression to mediate VSMC transdifferentiation.
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Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogéneas , Músculo Liso Vascular , Miocitos del Músculo Liso , Proteína de Unión al Tracto de Polipirimidina , ARN Circular , Calcificación Vascular , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/patología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/metabolismo , Vasos Coronarios/patología , Vasos Coronarios/metabolismo , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogéneas/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogéneas/genética , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/patología , Osteogénesis/genética , Proteína de Unión al Tracto de Polipirimidina/genética , Proteína de Unión al Tracto de Polipirimidina/metabolismo , ARN Circular/genética , ARN Circular/metabolismo , Calcificación Vascular/genética , Calcificación Vascular/patología , Calcificación Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
In recent years, semiconductor nanomaterials, as one of the most promising and applied classes of engineered nanomaterials, have been widely used in industries such as photovoltaics, electronic devices, and biomedicine. However, occupational exposure is unavoidable during the production, use, and disposal stages of products containing these materials, thus posing potential health risks to workers. The intricacies of the work environment present challenges in obtaining comprehensive data on such exposure. Consequently, there remains a significant gap in understanding the exposure risks and toxic effects associated with semiconductor nanomaterials. This paper provides an overview of the current classification and applications of typical semiconductor nanomaterials. It also delves into the existing state of occupational exposure, methodologies for exposure assessment, and prevailing occupational exposure limits. Furthermore, relevant epidemiological studies are examined. Subsequently, the review scrutinizes the toxicity of semiconductor nanomaterials concerning target organ toxicity, toxicity mechanisms, and influencing factors. The aim of this review is to lay the groundwork for enhancing the assessment of occupational exposure to semiconductor nanomaterials, optimizing occupational exposure limits, and promoting environmentally sustainable development practices in this domain.
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The development of scalable and passive coatings that can adapt to seasonal temperature changes while maintaining superhydrophobic self-cleaning functions is crucial for their practical applications. However, the incorporation of passive cooling and heating functions with conflicting optical properties in a superhydrophobic coating is still challenging. Herein, an all-in-one coating inspired by the hierarchical structure of a lotus leaf that combines surface wettability, optical structure, and temperature self-adaptation is obtained through a simple one-step phase separation process. This coating exhibits an asymmetrical gradient structure with surface-embedded hydrophobic SiO2 particles and subsurface thermochromic microcapsules within vertically distributed hierarchical porous structures. Moreover, the coating imparts superhydrophobicity, high infrared emission, and thermo-switchable sunlight reflectivity, enabling autonomous transitions between radiative cooling and solar warming. The all-in-one coating prevents contamination and over-cooling caused by traditional radiative cooling materials, opening up new prospects for the large-scale manufacturing of intelligent thermoregulatory coatings.
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)-mediated immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME) frequently culminates in the failure of otherwise promising immunotherapies. In this study, we identify tumor-intrinsic FLI1 as a critical mediator in impairing T cell anti-tumor immunity. A mechanistic inquiry reveals that FLI1 orchestrates the expression of CBP and STAT1, facilitating chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activation of IDO1 in response to T cell-released IFN-γ. This regulatory cascade ultimately leads to augmented IDO1 expression, resulting in heightened synthesis of kynurenine (Kyn) in tumor cells. This, in turn, fosters CD8+ T cell exhaustion and regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. Intriguingly, we find that pharmacological inhibition of FLI1 effectively obstructs the CBP/STAT1-IDO1-Kyn axis, thereby invigorating both spontaneous and checkpoint therapy-induced immune responses, culminating in enhanced tumor eradication. In conclusion, our findings delineate FLI1-mediated Kyn metabolism as an immune evasion mechanism in NPC, furnishing valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions.
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Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa , Interferón gamma , Quinurenina , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1 , Factor de Transcripción STAT1 , Linfocitos T Reguladores , Microambiente Tumoral , Quinurenina/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Animales , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1/metabolismo , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1/genética , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/metabolismo , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ratones , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/inmunología , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/metabolismo , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/genética , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/patología , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/inmunología , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patología , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Escape del Tumor/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones NoqueadosRESUMEN
Supermacroporous composite cryogels with enhanced adjustable functionality have received extensive interest in bioseparation, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. However, the variations in their components significantly impactfinal properties. This study presents a two-step hybrid machine learning approach for predicting the properties of innovative poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite cryogels embedded with bacterial cellulose (pHEMA-PVA-BC) based on their compositions. By considering the ratios of HEMA (1.0-22.0 wt%), PVA (0.2-4.0 wt%), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (1.0-4.5 wt%), BC (0.1-1.5 wt%), and water (68.0-96.0 wt%) as investigational variables, overlay sampling uniform design (OSUD) was employed to construct a high-quality dataset for model development. The random forest (RF) model was used to classify the preparation conditions. Then four models of artificial neural network, RF, gradient boosted regression trees (GBRT), and XGBoost were developed to predict the basic properties of the composite cryogels. The results showed that the RF model achieved an accurate three-class classification of preparation conditions. Among the four models, the GBRT model exhibited the best predictive performance of the basic properties, with the mean absolute percentage error of 16.04 %, 0.85 %, and 2.44 % for permeability, effective porosity, and height of theoretical plate (1.0 cm/min), respectively. Characterization results of the representative pHEMA-PVA-BC composite cryogel showed an effective porosity of 81.01 %, a permeability of 1.20 × 10-12 m2, and a range of height of theoretical plate between 0.40-0.49 cm at flow velocities of 0.5-3.0 cm/min. These indicate that the pHEMA-PVA-BC cryogel was an excellent material with supermacropores, low flow resistance and high mass transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the model output demonstrates that the alteration of the proportions of PVA (0.2-3.5 wt%) and BC (0.1-1.5 wt%) components in composite cryogels resulted in significant changes in the material basic properties. This work represents an attempt to efficiently design and prepare target composite cryogels using machine learning and providing valuable insights for the efficient development of polymers.
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Celulosa , Criogeles , Aprendizaje Automático , Polihidroxietil Metacrilato , Alcohol Polivinílico , Criogeles/química , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Polihidroxietil Metacrilato/química , Celulosa/química , Porosidad , Redes Neurales de la ComputaciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristic of corrective epithelial thickness after femtosecond laser-assisted lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (LIKE) to correct moderate-to-high hyperopia. METHODS: The prospective case series study of the LIKE procedure was performed to correct moderate-to-high hyperopia. The epithelial thickness map was generated by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in the corneal central 9-mm zone. Keratometry and corneal higher order aberrations were analyzed by Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: In the 26 eyes of 13 participants who underwent the LIKE procedure for moderate-to-high hyperopia, the attempted spherical equivalence (SEQ) was +6.50 ± 1.09 diopters (D). Compared to the preoperative epithelial thickness maps, the postoperative epithelial thickness had become significantly thinner in the central 5-mm zone; the difference was 6 to 7 µm. The paracentral epithelium performed nonuniform remodeling; the thinnest epithelial thickness was located in the inferotemporal section, which has the greatest difference from the superonasal; the difference between these two was approximately 3 µm. Through correlation analysis, it was found that the sections with thinner epithelium were significantly related to corneal curvature and corneal vertical coma. CONCLUSIONS: The LIKE procedure can be used to correct moderate-to-high hyperopia. This study further indicated the epithelial remodeling characteristic after the LIKE procedure: the central and paracentral corneal epithelial thickness becomes thinner, and the epithelial thickness distributes non-uniformly, which may be the important factor of the postoperative curvature asymmetric distribution and induction of corneal vertical coma. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(5):e321-e327.].
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Sustancia Propia , Topografía de la Córnea , Epitelio Corneal , Hiperopía , Refracción Ocular , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Agudeza Visual , Humanos , Hiperopía/cirugía , Hiperopía/fisiopatología , Estudios Prospectivos , Sustancia Propia/cirugía , Sustancia Propia/patología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Epitelio Corneal/cirugía , Epitelio Corneal/patología , Refracción Ocular/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Láseres de Excímeros/uso terapéutico , Adulto Joven , Aberración de Frente de Onda Corneal/fisiopatología , Cirugía Laser de Córnea/métodos , Enfermedades Hereditarias del OjoRESUMEN
Lossy mode resonance (LMR) sensors offer a promising avenue to surpass the constraints of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors by delivering enhanced label-free detection capabilities. A notable edge of LMR over SPR is its excitation potential by both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized light. Yet this merit remains underexplored due to challenges to achieving high sensing performance under both TM and TE polarization within a singular LMR model. This study introduces a theoretical model for an LMR prism refractive index sensor based on a MgF2-few layer black phosphorus-MgF2 configuration, which can achieve angular sensitivity nearing 90° refractive index unit-1 (RIU-1) for both polarizations. Leveraging the distinct anisotropic nature of black phosphorus, the figure of merit (FOM) values along its two principal crystal axes (zigzag and armchair) show great difference, achieving an impressive FOM of 1.178 × 106 RIU-1 along the zigzag direction under TE polarized light and 1.231 × 104 RIU-1 along the armchair direction under TM polarized light. We also provide an analysis of the electric field distribution for each configuration at its respective resonant conditions. The proposed structure paves the way for innovative applications of anisotropic-material-based LMR sensors in various applications.
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INTRODUCTION: Microglia are the main phagocytes in the brain and can induce neuroinflammation. Moreover, they are critical to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and propagation. Plasma exosomes derived from patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD-exo) reportedly evoked α-syn aggregation and inflammation in microglia. In turn, microglia internalized and released exosomal α-syn, enhancing α-syn propagation. However, the specific mechanism through which PD-exo influences α-syn degradation remains unknown. METHODS: Exosomes were extracted from the plasma of patients with PD by differential ultracentrifugation, analyzed using electron microscopy (EM) and nanoparticle flow cytometry, and stereotaxically injected into the unilateral striatum of the mice. Transmission EM was employed to visualize lysosomes and autophagosomes in BV2 cells, and lysosome pH was measured with LysoSensor Yellow/Blue DND-160. Cathepsin B and D, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), ATP6V1G1, tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein, calnexin, α-syn, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction or western blotting, and α-syn, LAMP1, and ATP6V1G1 were also observed by immunofluorescence. Small interfering ribonucleic acid against V1G1 was transfected into BV2 cells and primary microglia using Lipofectamine® 3000. A PD mouse model was established via injection with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into mice. A lentiviral-mediated strategy to overexpress ATP6V1G1 in the brain of MPTP-treated mice was employed. Motor coordination was assessed using rotarod and pole tests, and neurodegeneration in the mouse substantia nigra and striatum tissues was determined using immunofluorescence histochemical and western blotting of tyrosine hydroxylase. RESULTS: PD-exo decreased the expression of V1G1, responsible for the acidification of intra- and extracellular milieu. This impairment of lysosomal acidification resulted in the accumulation of abnormally swollen lysosomes and decreased lysosomal enzyme activities, impairing lysosomal protein degradation and causing α-syn accumulation. Additionally, V1G1 overexpression conferred the mice neuroprotection during MPTP exposure. CONCLUSION: Pathogenic protein accumulation is a key feature of PD, and compromised V-type ATPase dysfunction might participate in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, V1G1 overexpression protects against neuronal toxicity in an MPTP-based PD mouse model, which may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutic interventions for PD treatment.
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Exosomas , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microglía , Enfermedad de Parkinson , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares , alfa-Sinucleína , Anciano , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , Exosomas/metabolismo , Lisosomas/metabolismo , Microglía/metabolismo , Microglía/patología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares/metabolismo , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares/genéticaRESUMEN
Ion transport efficiency, the key to determining the cycling stability and rate capability of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs), is constrained by ionic conductivity and Li+-migration ability across the multicomponent phases and interfaces in ASSLMBs. Here, we report a robust strategy for the large-scale fabrication of a practical solid electrolyte composite with high-throughput linear Li+-transport channels by compositing an all-trans block copolymer PVDF-b-PTFE matrix with ferroelectric BaTiO3-TiO2 nanofiber films. The electrolyte shows a sustainable electromechanical-coupled deformability that enables the rapid dissociation of anions with Li+ to create more movable Li+ ions and spontaneously transform the battery internal strain into Li+-ion migration kinetic energy. The ceramic framework homogenizes the interfacial potential with electrodes, endowing the electrolyte with a high conductivity of 0.782 mS·cm-1 and stable ion transport ability in ASSLMBs at room temperature. The batteries of LiFePO4/Li can stably cycle 1000 times at 0.5 C with a high capacity retention of 96.1%, and Ah-grade pouch or high-voltage Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2/Li batteries also exhibit excellent rate capability and cycling performance.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiatae), commonly known as Chinese motherwort, is a herbaceous flowering plant that is native to Asia. It is widely acknowledged in traditional medicine for its diuretic, hypoglycemic, antiepileptic properties and neuroprotection. Currently, Leonurus japonicus (Leo) is included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recognizes Leo for its myriad pharmacological attributes, but its efficacy against ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis is unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to identify the potential targets and regulatory mechanisms of Leo in alleviating neuronal apoptosis after ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study employed network pharmacology, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique, molecular docking, pharmacodynamic studies, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques to explore its potential mechanisms. RESULTS: Leo was found to assist hematoma absorption, thus improving the neurological outlook in an ICH mouse model. Importantly, molecular docking highlighted JAK as Leo's potential therapeutic target in ICH scenarios. Further experimental evidence demonstrated that Leo adjusts JAK1 and STAT1 phosphorylation, curbing Bax while augmenting Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION: Leo showcases potential in mitigating neuronal apoptosis post-ICH, predominantly via the JAK/STAT mechanism.
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Apoptosis , Hemorragia Cerebral , Leonurus , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Farmacología en Red , Neuronas , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Leonurus/química , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Ratones , Masculino , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Janus Quinasa 1/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Introduction: Gut microbiota are closely related to the nutrition, immunity, and metabolism of the host and play important roles in maintaining the normal physiological activities of animals. Cranes are important protected avian species in China, and they are sensitive to changes in the ecological environment and are thus good environmental indicators. There have been no reports examining gut fungi or the correlation between bacteria and fungi in wild Demoiselle cranes (Grus virgo) and Common cranes (Grus grus). Related research can provide a foundation for the protection of rare wild animals. Methods: 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the gut bacterial and fungal diversity of Common and Demoiselle cranes migrating to the Yellow River wetland in Inner Mongolia. Results: The results revealed that for gut bacteria α diversity, Chao1 index in Demoiselle cranes was remarkably higher than that in Common cranes (411.07 ± 79.54 vs. 294.92 ± 22.38), while other index had no remarkably differences. There was no remarkable difference in fungal diversity. There were marked differences in the gut microbial composition between the two crane species. At the phylum level, the highest abundance of bacteria in the Common crane and Demoiselle crane samples was Firmicutes, accounting for 87.84% and 74.29%, respectively. The highest abundance of fungi in the guts of the Common and Demoiselle cranes was Ascomycota, accounting for 69.42% and 57.63%, respectively. At the genus level, the most abundant bacterial genus in the Common crane sample was Turicibacter (38.60%), and the most abundant bacterial genus in the Demoiselle crane sample was Catelicoccus (39.18%). The most abundant fungi in the Common crane sample was Penicillium (6.97%), and the most abundant fungi in the Demoiselle crane sample was Saccharomyces (8.59%). Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between gut bacteria and fungi. Discussion: This study provided a research basis for the protection of cranes. Indeed, a better understanding of the gut microbiota is very important for the conservation and management of wild birds, as it not only helps us to understand their life history and related mechanisms, but also can hinder the spread of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Extraction of coastline from optical remote sensing images is of paramount importance for coastal zone management, erosion monitoring, and intelligent ocean construction. However, nearshore marine environment complexity presents a challenge when capturing small-scale and detailed information regarding coastlines. Furthermore, the presence of numerous tidal flats, suspended sediments, and coastal biological communities exacerbates the reduction in segmentation accuracy, which is particularly noticeable in medium-high-resolution remote sensing image segmentation tasks. Most previous related studies, based primarily on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or traditional feature extraction methods, faced challenges in detailed pixel-level refinement and lacked comprehensive understanding of the studied images. Therefore, we proposed a new U-shaped deep learning model (STIRUnet) that combines the excellent global modeling ability of SwinTransformer with an improved CNN using an inverted residual module. The proposed method has the capability of global supervised feature learning and layer-by-layer feature extraction, and we conducted sea-land segmentation experiments using GF-HNCD and BSD remote sensing image datasets to validate the performance of the proposed model. The results indicate the following: 1) suspended sediments and coastal biological communities are major contributors to coastline blurring, and 2) the recovery of minute features (e.g., narrow watercourses and microscale artificial structures) effectively enhances edge details and leads to more realistic segmentation outcomes. The findings of this study are highly important in relation of accurate extraction of sea-land information in complex marine environments, and they offer novel insights regarding mixed-pixel identification.
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Biota , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Telemetría , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por ComputadorRESUMEN
Cubic nanoparticles of CeO2 were partly covered on the tetrahedron surface of γ-Bi2O3 through a hydrothermal reaction and then a calcination process to construct a novel S-type γ-Bi2O3/CeO2 heterojunction. The optimized sample removed 96% of lomefloxacin and 81% of tetracycline. During the cycling test, the photocatalytic efficiency of lomefloxacin and tetracycline was maintained above 87% and 80%, respectively, for five consecutive cycles. According to XRD and Raman spectra characterization, the sample after cycling held a stable crystal structure. Holes, OH-Ë, O2Ë, and electrons participated in the degradation of lomefloxacin, while tetracycline was removed via the effect of the former three active substances. Based on theoretical calculation and experimental tests, the excellent photocatalytic activity of γ-Bi2O3/CeO2 came from the fast transfer of charge carriers along the S-type path. Moreover, the CB electrons of γ-Bi2O3 and VB holes of CeO2 were preserved to generate free radicals for antibiotic degradation. The colony numbers of Escherichia coli were 1.50 × 10-6 CFU mL-1 and 1.39 × 10-6 CFU mL-1 in solutions after the degradation of the two pollutants, which represents the non-toxicity of the final products. The γ-Bi2O3/CeO2 sample has a potential application for antibiotic removal from modern sewage.