Gegen Qinlian Decoction Combined with Conventional Western Medicine for the Treatment of Infectious Diarrhea: A Systematic Review and Trial Sequential Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Infectious diarrhea (ID) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide that poses a substantial risk to human well-being. In China, numerous clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLD) in treating ID. However, there is a need for additional rigorous and evidence-based medical research to enhance physicians' confidence in their prescribing practices. METHODS: Seven Chinese and English databases were systematically searched. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3, and Stata 16.0 was used for the sensitivity analysis. Trial sequential analysis was performed using TSA v0.9, and GRADEprofiler was utilized to evaluate the quality of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1240 patients were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the combination of GGQLD with conventional Western medicine had better effects on clinical efficacy (RR=1.15, 95% CI [1.10, 1.20]), duration of diarrhea symptoms (WMD=-10.96, 95% CI [-11.97, -9.96]), duration of abdominal pain symptoms (WMD=-12.01, 95% CI [-14.12, -9.90]), duration of fever symptoms (WMD=-11.91, 95% CI [-13.39, -10.43]), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (WMD=-113.59, 95% CI [-113.03, -108.14]), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (WMD=-62.18, 95% CI[-65.25, -59.11]) and that no significant adverse reactions occurred (RR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.10, 1.97]). The sample size of the included studies reached the expected size. The quality of evidence for outcome indicators was rated as low or very low. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of GGQLD with conventional Western medicine demonstrates promising efficacy and safety in treating ID. Nonetheless, more high-quality RCTs are required to confirm this conclusion.

[Analysis of current situation of outcome indicators in randomized controlled trials on traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of Alzheimer's disease].

This study aims to analyze the current situation of outcome indicators in randomized controlled trial(RCT) of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment for Alzheimer's disease(AD), so as to provide a reference for establishing a core indicator set in this field. The researchers systematically searched CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Sino Med, EMbase, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library. Independent screening of literature and extraction of information was conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, the Ro B 2. 0 tool was used for bias risk assessment. A total of 78 RCTs were included, involving 6 379 patients,with 122 kinds of outcome indicators. According to functional attributes, the outcome indicators could be categorized into seven groups:TCM diseases(3 kinds, 13 times), symptoms and signs(26 kinds, 196 times), physical and chemical tests(68 kinds, 149 times),qua-lity of life(1 kind, 2 times), long-term prognosis(2 kinds, 2 times), economic evaluation(0 kind), safety events(21 kinds,194 times), and other indicators(1 kind, 1 time). The results show that the literature evaluation of RCTs of TCM treatment for AD is generally risky, and there are some problems in the selection of outcome indicators, such as lack of TCM characteristics, insignificant distinction between primary and secondary outcome indicators, lack of long-term prognosis and economic evaluation indicators, and non-standard safety event reports. It is suggested that future researchers should establish a core indicator set for AD that highlights the characteristics of TCM and then work to improve the quality of clinical trials.

Effects of different traditional Chinese exercise in the treatment of essential hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: As a therapy to prevent and treat essential hypertension (EH), traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) were widely used in clinical practice. However, there is a lack of strictly comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy of different TCEs, which not conducive to the selection of the best and most optimal treatment. This study aimed to perform a network meta-analysis to objectively evaluate which TCE has the best effects in assisting with lowering blood pressure. Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, SinoMed and Wanfang Data were searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TCEs for the treatment of EH published up to July 10, 2023. RoB2.0 tool was utilized to evaluate the quality of the RCTs. The network meta-analysis was performed by R 4.1.2 and Stata 17.0. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated for continuous outcomes. Results: A total of 29 studies, including 2,268 patients were included to analyze 6 different interventions. The network meta-analysis results presented that in comparison with control group, Tai Chi + antihypertensive medication [WMD = -10.18, 95% CI, (-14.94, -5.44)] is the most effective intervention for lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP), and Wuqinxi + antihypertensive medication [WMD = -10.36, 95% CI (-18.98, -1.66)] is the most effective intervention for lowering diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Conclusion: TCEs combined with antihypertensive medication may be able to achieve more prominent antihypertensive effects with Tai Chi and Wuqinxi potentially being the higher-priority options. However, well-designed randomized studies are warranted to further verify currently conclusion.

Advances in Dyslipidaemia Treatments: Focusing on ApoC3 and ANGPTL3 Inhibitors.

Apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibit lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase and may influence the secretion and uptake of various lipoproteins. Genetic studies show that depletion of these proteins is associated with improved lipid profiles and reduced cardiovascular events so it was anticipated that drugs which mimic the effects of loss-of-function mutations would be useful lipid treatments. ANGPTL3 inhibitors were initially developed as a treatment for severe hypertriglyceridaemia including familial chylomicronaemia syndrome (FCS), which is usually not adequately controlled with currently available drugs. However, it was found ANGPTL3 inhibitors were also effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and they were studied in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). Evinacumab targets ANGPTL3 and reduced LDL-C by about 50% in patients with homozygous FH and it has been approved for that indication. The antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) vupanorsen targeting ANGPTL3 was less effective in reducing LDL-C in patients with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and its development has been discontinued but the small interfering RNA (siRNA) ARO-ANG3 is being investigated in Phase 2 studies. ApoC3 can be inhibited by the ASO volanesorsen, which reduced triglycerides by >70% in patients with FCS and it was approved for FCS in Europe but not in the United States because of concerns about thrombocytopaenia. Olezarsen is an N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated ASO targeting apoC3 which appears as effective as volanesorsen without the risk of thrombocytopaenia and is undergoing Phase 3 trials. ARO-APOC3 is an siRNA targeting apoC3 that is currently being investigated in Phase 3 studies.

Identification of potential immunomodulators from Pulsatilla decoction that act on therapeutic targets for ulcerative colitis based on pharmacological activity, absorbed ingredients, and in-silico molecular docking.

BACKGROUND: Pulsatilla decoction (Bai-Tou-Weng-Tang, BTWT) is a classic formula prescription of a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its active components and underlying mechanism of action remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify potential immunomodulators from BTWT that act at therapeutic targets for UC. METHODS: The protective effects of BTWT granules were examined in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. The absorbed components of BTWT were identified using LC-MS, and selected protein targets of these components in UC were investigated using molecular docking. RESULTS: Oral administration of BTWT granules significantly alleviated disease severity and colon shortening, and inhibited the inflammatory response in mice with chronic colitis. In these mice, 11 compounds from the BTWT granules were detected in the serum and/or colon. The molecular docking study demonstrated that compounds from Radix pulsatillae, such as anemoside A3, interacted with STAT3 and S1PR1; compounds from Rhizoma coptidis and/or Cortex phellodendri, such as palmatine, interacted with JAK3, PD-1, and PD-L1; and components of Cortex fraxini such as aesculin interacted with S1PR1, JAK3, STAT3 and PD-L1. Further in-vitro experiments showing that the compounds inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production and STAT3 activation in RAW 264.7 cells suggested that these compounds have immunomodulatory activities. CONCLUSION: We revealed for the first time that 11 absorbed ingredients from BTWT were immunomodulators against therapeutic targets for UC. These findings suggest that the identified compounds are the active components of BTWT, and the identified protein targets underlie the mechanism of action of BTWT against UC.

Visual analysis and evaluation of clinical research on Traditional Chinese medicine compounds in treating insomnia of Yin deficiency syndrome.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Insomnia is a common form of sleep disorder. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds have definite curative effects and a low incidence of adverse reactions, which is recognized to be an effective intervention means for the treatment of insomnia. AIM OF THE STUDY: Based on mining the clinical research data of treating insomnia of yin deficiency syndrome (IYDS) with TCM compounds systematically, the study is to analyze the research hotspots and development trends in this field, explore the medication rule, evaluate the quality of research, so as to provide reference and direction for clinical application and scientific research in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relevant literature was retrieved and managed by evidence-based medicine strategy and EndNote software respectively. The bibliometric method was used to mine and analyze data characteristics. The VOSviewer software was used to make visual knowledge maps, the IBM SPSS Modeler software was used for association rule analysis of herbs, and the Cochrane tool and MINORS scale were used for quality analysis of literature. RESULTS: (1) A total of 184 related studies were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. (2) The research popularity showed a dynamic upward trend and the research hotspot showed a trend of migration and refinement, etc. (3) The commonly used herbs in this field were Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow, etc; the commonly used TCM prescriptions were Huanglian Ejiao Decoction, etc; the commonly used dosage forms were traditional decoction, etc; the commonly used combinations of herbs included Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow-Poria cocos（Schw.）Wolf, etc. (4) The rate of the studies containing ethical review numbers and clear inclusion standards did not reach 50%, and the risk bias of methodological was high. However, a separate analysis of data showed that the specification of study design was on the rise obviously in recent years, and Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis could confirm the effectiveness and stability of clinical efficacy which was the key indicator in treating IYDS with TCM prescriptions. There were significant differences among administration protocols of different clinical studies of the same name TCM compounds. However, the scientific significance of each unique dosing regimen were expected to be elaborated or discussed. CONCLUSION: The clinical research number of TCM compounds treating IYDS was in a dynamic upward trend, and the outcome indicators tended to be diversified and detailed. The dosage forms mainly included decoction, supplemented by Chinese patent medicine. The design of clinical studies in this field was not standardized enough, but the key indicators were scientific and stable. We expected that later studies could pay more attention to improving the standardization of trial design, reducing the risk bias in the process of methodological design, conducting high-quality standardized multicenter, large-sample randomized controlled clinical trials to provide scientific evidence with high evidentiary strength, establishing the recognized administration protocols for the same name TCM prescriptions or clarifying the targeting of different protocols, and promoting the application and popularity of TCM compounds in treating IYDS.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of High-Frequency Prescription of Zhigancao Decoction Combined with Conventional Western Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: Chronic heart failure is the main critical illness and cause of death in the later stages of cardiovascular disease, and it is one of the two major challenges in the field of cardiovascular research. The clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure has been relatively common in China, and the "Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine" has been published in China. Combining the literature in this field, the authors found that Zhigancao Decoction has been used in the treatment of chronic heart failure with more clinical research reports and higher frequency (this article refers to it as a high-frequency prescription for short). However, Zhigancao Decoction was not included in the recommended prescriptions in the "Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine," and there was no relevant systematic review and meta-analysis. For this reason, this article has carried out two parts of work, including systematically organizing the literature in this research field and carrying out systematic review and meta-analysis. This can provide stronger evidence support for Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure and provide a new option for the improvement and update of the "Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine." METHODS: This article used the bibliometric method to investigate the research articles on the treatment of chronic heart failure with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine and analyzed the high-frequency prescriptions which are used and reported frequently. In addition, we also used manual and computer-aided search methods, the search scope includes CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, SinoMed, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, and the search content is the clinical randomized control of Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure trials (RCTs). The search period is from the establishment of the database to January 29, 2021. The literature was managed and screened by EndNote software; the quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the modified Jadad scale, and the risk bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool; the results of the included studies were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 software; the sources of heterogeneity between the studies were analyzed using Stata16.0 software for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: According to the bibliometric analysis, the maximum number of research reports is 553, which are arranged in descending order of 21 prescriptions, including Zhenwu Decoction, Zhigancao, and powder of five drugs containing poria. The second most frequently used prescription is Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure, but its systematic review and meta-analysis still need further research. A total of 17 clinical randomized controlled trials of Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure were included in the search, with a total of 1752 subjects. Meta-analysis results show that Zhigancao combined with conventional Western medicine is more effective than conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure. The advantages are the following 5 outcome indicators: total clinical effective rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, B-type natriuretic peptide, and 6-minute walk test. CONCLUSIONS: There are many prescriptions combined with Western medicine to treat chronic heart failure, among which Zhigancao Decoction is the second most frequently used prescription. There are many original studies on Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure. The quality of the evaluation research shows that the overall standard is scientific, and a few experimental designs are slightly irregular. Meta-analysis shows that Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine has better therapeutic effects and safety than conventional Western medicine. This shows the characteristics and advantages of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and is worth recommending.