[Risk Zoning of Heavy Metals in a Peri-urban Area in the Black Soil Farmland Based on Agricultural Products].

Agricultural products are a primary pathway for humans to accumulate heavy metals (HMs) via the soil-crop system and should therefore should be included as a crucial part of the food security in our country. Given that previous studies on protection zoning for preventing farmland HM pollution rarely considered agricultural products as a basic element, this study attempted to establish a zoning system for farmland HM prevention, which was based on the perspective of agricultural product pollution. We subsequently took a representative peri-urban area in the black soil region, which was provided with a higher risk of being polluted, as an empirical case. The results indicated that:① the comprehensive quality index of agricultural products (IICQAP) was 1.09, illustrating only a mild HM pollution, with Pb and Ni having the highest accumulation levels; ② the human health risk index (QHI) was 0.61, showing no risk for human health; and ③ the designed zoning method revealed 89.45% of the farmlands to be risk-free at the moment and 10.55% of the farmlands to be under low risk of HM pollution in agricultural products. According to the zoning results, we suggested prioritized protection and an early-warning strategy, respectively, and further recommended prevention methods such as accumulation intervention, crop restructuring, and in-situ passivation. The results served to enrich the theoretical basis for preventing farmland HM pollution, to reinforce the management standards for agricultural products in the black soil region, and also to build a differentiated urban-rural farmland protection system.

Water-soluble AIE-Active Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles: Design, Preparation and Application for Specific Detection of Cysteine over Homocysteine and Glutathione in Living Cells.

Water-soluble ratiometric AIE-active fluorescent organic nanoparticles 2OA-FON for the specific sensing of cysteine over other biothiols are reported. The obtained amphiphilic probe included olefin aldehyde as recognizing unit, tetraphenylethylene as fluorescence reporter and lactose moiety as a hydrophilic group. This work provides a general design strategy based on the introduction of a sugar moiety into a hydrophobic AIEgen to develop ratiometric water-soluble fluorescent organic nanoparticles.

A long-acting ß2-adrenergic agonist increases the expression of muscarine cholinergic subtype­3 receptors by activating the ß2-adrenoceptor cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway in airway smooth muscle cells.

The persistent administration of ß2­adrenergic (ß2AR) agonists has been demonstrated to increase the risk of severe asthma, partly due to the induction of tolerance to bronchoprotection via undefined mechanisms. The present study investigated the potential effect of the long­acting ß2­adrenergic agonist, formoterol, on the expression of muscarinic M3 receptor (M3R) in rat airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Primary rat ASMCs were isolated and characterized following immunostaining with anti­α­smooth muscle actin antibodies. The protein expression levels of M3R and phospholipase C­ß1 (PLCß1) were characterized by western blot analysis and the production of inositol 1,4,5­trisphosphate (IP3) was determined using an enzyme­linked immunosorbent assay. Formoterol increased the protein expression of M3R in rat ASMCs in a time­ and dose­dependent manner, which was significantly inhibited by the ß2AR antagonist, ICI118,551 and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) inhibitor, SQ22,536. The increased protein expression of M3R was positively correlated with increased production of PLCß1 and IP3. Furthermore, treatment with the glucocorticoid, budesonide, and the PLC inhibitor, U73,122, significantly suppressed the formoterol­induced upregulated protein expression levels of M3R and PLCß1 and production of IP3. The present study demonstrated that formoterol mediated the upregulation of M3R in the rat ASMCs by activating the ß2AR­cAMP signaling pathway, resulting in increased expression levels of PLCß1 and IP3, which are key to inducing bronchoprotection tolerance. Administration of glucocorticoids or a PLC antagonist prevented formoterol­induced bronchoprotection tolerance by suppressing the protein expression of M3R.

[Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of fulminate pancreatitis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of fulminate pancreatitis (FP) and analysis the factors related to prognosis of FP. METHODS: Data of 203 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) admitted to our hospital within 72 h after onset of symptoms from January 2000 to December 2002 were reviewed. FP was defined as presence of organ dysfunction within 72 h after onset of symptoms. 78 patients had FP, 125 patients without organ dysfunction within 72 h after onset of symptoms had common severe acute pancreatitis (CSAP). The clinical characteristics, incidence of organ dysfunction during hospitalization and prognosis between FP and CSAP were compared, then the factors related to prognosis of FP were analysed. RESULTS: The incidences of T >/= 38.5 degrees C, hypoxemia, shock, white cell count >/= 16 x 10(9)/L, serum calcium < 2.0 mmol/L and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in FP were higher than those in CSAP (71.8% vs 39.2%, 83.3% vs 30.4%, 41.0% vs 12.0%, 64.1% vs 30.4%, 68.0% vs 44.8%, 73.1% vs 11.2%, P < 0.05). Impairment degree of pancreas (Balthazar CT severity index) in FP was more serious than that in CSAP (5.78 +/- 0.83 vs 3.12 +/- 0.57, P < 0.05). FP had a higher mortality than CSAP (44.9% vs 8.8%, P < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the main predisposing factors to FP were hypoxemia, MODS and Balthazar CT severity index. CONCLUSIONS: FP is characterised by severe systemic inflammatory response, severe pathological changes of pancreas, high incidence of MODS and high mortality. The main predisposing factors to FP were hypoxemia, MODS and Balthazar CT severity index.