Association between vitamin K intake and depressive symptoms in US adults: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018.

Background: The relationship between vitamin intake and depression has attracted increasing attention. However, several studies examining such relationship among populations at different age groups have produced inconsistent findings. This study was aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between vitamin K intake and depressive symptoms in US adults. Methods: We used the data from a nationally representative sample of 11,687 adults from the 2013 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Vitamin K intake was assessed by the 24-h dietary recall at the first day. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression and generalized additive model were used to examine the association between vitamin K intake and depressive symptoms. Results: The weighted prevalence of depressive symptoms was 10.2% (8.0% in men and 12.0% in women). We observed a significant inverse linear relationship between vitamin K intake and depressive symptoms in models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational status, family poverty income ratio (PIR), home status, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, physical activity, sleep disorders, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. The odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of vitamin K intake was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.89, p-trend < 0.05). The association was similar in subgroups stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational status, PIR, home status, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, sleep disorders, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Conclusion: Vitamin K intake was inversely and independently associated with the odds of depressive symptoms in the US adults. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

[Construction of Flp-InTM CHO cell line stably expressing human cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase].

Objective To establish a Flp-InTM CHO cell line stably expressing human cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) to lay a solid foundation for the further construction of cell lines stably co-expressing human POR and human cytochrome P450 (CYP). Methods POR recombinant lentivirus was established and infected with Flp-InTM CHO cells, and the expression of green fluorescent protein was observed by fluorescence microscope for monoclonal screening. Mitomycin C (MMC) cytotoxic assay, Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were employed to detect the activity and expression of POR, and eventually obtained a cell line stably expressing POR (Flp-InTM CHO-POR). Flp-InTM CHO-POR cells (Flp-InTM CHO-POR-2C19) stably co-expressing POR and CYP2C19, and Flp-InTM CHO cells stably expressing CYP2C19 (Flp-InTM CHO-2C19) were constructed, and the activity of CYP2C19 was measured by cyclophosphamide (CPA). Results The consequences of MMC cytotoxic assay, Western blot and qRT-PCR illuminated that Flp-InTM CHO cells infected with POR recombinant lentivirus had elevated MMC metabolic activity and boosted the expression of POR mRNA and protein, compared with Flp-InTM CHO cells infected with negative control virus, indicating that Flp-InTM CHO-POR cells stably expressing POR were obtained. No significant disparity existed in the metabolic activity of CPA between Flp-InTM CHO-2C19 and Flp-InTM CHO cells, whereas the metabolic activity enhanced in Flp-InTM CHO-POR-2C19 and was significantly higher than in Flp-InTM CHO-2C19 cells. Conclusion The stable expression of Flp-InTM CHO-POR cell line is successfully established and can be further applied to construct CYP transgenic cells.

The Synergistic Effect of Adsorption-Photocatalysis for Removal of Organic Pollutants on Mesoporous Cu2V2O7/Cu3V2O8/g-C3N4 Heterojunction.

Cu2V2O7/Cu3V2O8/g-C3N4 heterojunctions (CVCs) were prepared successfully by the reheating synthesis method. The thermal etching process increased the specific surface area. The formation of heterojunctions enhanced the visible light absorption and improved the separation efficiency of photoinduced charge carriers. Therefore, CVCs exhibited superior adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance in comparison with pristine g-C3N4 (CN). CVC-2 (containing 2 wt% of Cu2V2O7/Cu3V2O8) possessed the best synergistic removal efficiency for removal of dyes and antibiotics, in which 96.2% of methylene blue (MB), 97.3% of rhodamine B (RhB), 83.0% of ciprofloxacin (CIP), 86.0% of tetracycline (TC) and 80.5% of oxytetracycline (OTC) were eliminated by the adsorption and photocatalysis synergistic effect under visible light irradiation. The pseudo first order rate constants of MB and RhB photocatalytic degradation on CVC-2 were 3 times and 10 times that of pristine CN. For photocatalytic degradation of CIP, TC and OTC, it was 3.6, 1.8 and 6.1 times that of CN. DRS, XPS VB and ESR results suggested that CVCs had the characteristics of a Z-scheme photocatalytic system. This study provides a reliable reference for the treatment of real wastewater by the adsorption and photocatalysis synergistic process.

Effective Removal of Methylene Blue on EuVO4/g-C3N4 Mesoporous Nanosheets via Coupling Adsorption and Photocatalysis.

In this study, we first manufactured ultrathin g-C3N4 (CN) nanosheets by thermal etching and ultrasonic techniques. Then, EuVO4 (EV) nanoparticles were loaded onto CN nanosheets to form EuVO4/g-C3N4 heterojunctions (EVCs). The ultrathin and porous structure of the EVCs increased the specific surface area and reaction active sites. The formation of the heterostructure extended visible light absorption and accelerated the separation of charge carriers. These two factors were advantageous to promote the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis, and ultimately enhanced the adsorption capability and photocatalytic removal efficiency of methylene blue (MB). EVC-2 (2 wt% of EV) exhibited the highest adsorption and photocatalytic performance. Almost 100% of MB was eliminated via the adsorption-photocatalysis synergistic process over EVC-2. The MB adsorption capability of EVC-2 was 6.2 times that of CN, and the zero-orderreaction rate constant was 5 times that of CN. The MB adsorption on EVC-2 followed the pseudo second-order kinetics model and the adsorption isotherm data complied with the Langmuir isotherm model. The photocatalytic degradation data of MB on EVC-2 obeyed the zero-order kinetics equation in 0-10 min and abided by the first-order kinetics equation for10-30 min. This study provided a promising EVC heterojunctions with superior synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis for the potential application in wastewater treatment.

Metal-Free Difluoromethylselenolation of Arylamines Under Visible-Light Photocatalysis.

A novel visible-light photocatalytic difluoromethylselenolation of aryl amines via in situ generation of aryldiazonium salts was achieved using Se-(difluoromethyl) 4-methylbenzenesulfonoselenoate, which was synthesized for the first time. The reagent is readily accessible and shelf-stable. The metal-free reaction conditions and the broad substrate scope provide a green protocol for the efficient and rapid introduction of the difluoromethylselenylether group.