The neocortical infrastructure for language involves region-specific patterns of laminar gene expression.

The language network of the human brain has core components in the inferior frontal cortex and superior/middle temporal cortex, with left-hemisphere dominance in most people. Functional specialization and interconnectivity of these neocortical regions is likely to be reflected in their molecular and cellular profiles. Excitatory connections between cortical regions arise and innervate according to layer-specific patterns. Here, we generated a gene expression dataset from human postmortem cortical tissue samples from core language network regions, using spatial transcriptomics to discriminate gene expression across cortical layers. Integration of these data with existing single-cell expression data identified 56 genes that showed differences in laminar expression profiles between the frontal and temporal language cortex together with upregulation in layer II/III and/or layer V/VI excitatory neurons. Based on data from large-scale genome-wide screening in the population, DNA variants within these 56 genes showed set-level associations with interindividual variation in structural connectivity between the left-hemisphere frontal and temporal language cortex, and with the brain-related disorders dyslexia and schizophrenia which often involve affected language. These findings identify region-specific patterns of laminar gene expression as a feature of the brain's language network.

The emerging role of fibrin(ogen) in cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVE: A coagulation factor called fibrinogen is produced by the liver and is proteolyzed by thrombin to become fibrin. The latest studies have revealed that fibrin(ogen) palys an essential role in the regulation of cardiovascular disease. Understanding the relationship and mechanism between fibrin(ogen) and cardiovascular disease is of great significance for maintaining overall health. The objective of this review is to discuss the specific involvement and underlying mechanisms of fibrin(ogen) in cardiovascular disease. METHODS: A review was conducted using the PubMed database to identify and analyze the emerging role of fibrinogen in cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: The literature review revealed that fibrin(ogen) plays a pivotal role in maintaining cardiovascular disease and are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Fibrin(ogen) mainly influence various pathophysiological processes, such as participating in thrombosis formation, stimulating the inflammatory response, and other molecular pathways. CONCLUSION: This review focuses on the involvement of fibrin(ogen) in cardiovascular disease, with a particular emphasis on the main functions and underlying mechanisms by which fibrin(ogen) influence the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions. This review underscores the potential of fibrin(ogen) as therapeutic targets in managing cardiovascular disease.

From cubane-assembled Mn-oxo clusters to monodispersed manganese oxide colloidal nanocrystals.

The assemblies of [M4O4] (M = metal) cubanes represent a fascinating class of materials for a variety of application fields. Although such a structural characteristic is relatively common in small molecules and in extended bulk solids, high nuclearity clusters composed of multiple [M4O4] units as their backbones are rare. In this work, we report two new Mn-oxo clusters, MnII 8MnIII 10O10(OOCMe)12(OMe)14(py)2 ([Mn18-Ac]) and MnII 4MnIII 14O14(OOCCMe3)8(OMe)14(MeOH)5(py) ([Mn18-Piv]), whose core structures are assemblies of either 6- or 7-cubanes in different packing patterns, which have been unambiguously revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The cubane-assembled structural features can be deemed as the embryonic structures of the bulk manganese oxide. Herein, this report demonstrates the first case study of utilizing Mn-oxo clusters as precursors for the preparation of manganese oxide nanocrystals, which has never been explored before. Through a simple colloidal synthetic approach, high-quality, monodisperse Mn3O4 nanocrystals can be readily prepared by employing both precursors, while their morphologies were found to be quite different. This work confirms that the structural similarity between precursors and nanomaterials is instrumental in affording more kinetically efficient pathways for materials formation, and the structure of the precursor has a significant impact on the morphology of final nanocrystal products.

Handedness in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.

Handedness has traditionally been employed as a proxy of brain lateralization in research. Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests as a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairments across various neuropsychological functions, including visuospatial and language, many of which exhibit lateralization in the human brain. While previous studies have investigated the relationship between AD and handedness, findings have been inconsistent. This article aims to provide an up-to-date overview of studies investigating hand preference in AD and the subtypes, specifically early- and late-onset AD. Through a synthesis of these studies, we conclude that handedness currently lacks utility as a diagnostic biomarker for AD and its subtypes, and this is further supported by the meta-analytic results based on data from over 10,000 AD patients. We emphasize the necessity for future research endeavors, particularly those leveraging advanced neuroimaging techniques to explore the role of brain asymmetry in AD.

The Association Between Functional Variants in Long Non-coding RNAs and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder Was Not Mediated by Gut Microbiota.

The effect of functional variants in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene regions on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association of functional variants located in lncRNA genes with the risk of ASD and explore whether gut microbiota would mediate the relationship. A total of 87 cases and 71 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. MassARRAY platform and 16S rRNA sequencing were respectively applied to assess the genotype of candidate SNPs and gut microbiota of children. The logistic regression models showed that the association between rs2295412 and the risk of ASD was statistically significant after Bonferroni adjustments. The risk of ASD decreased by 19% for each additional C allele carried by children in multiplicative models (OR = 0.81, 95% CI, 0.69-0.94, P = 0.007). Although we identified significant correlations between rs8113922 polymorphisms, Bifidobacteriales, and ASD, the mediating effect of gut microbiota on the relationship of the polymorphisms with the risk of ASD was not significant. The findings demonstrated that functional variants in lncRNA genes play an important role in ASD and gut microbiota could not mediate the association. Future studies are warranted to verify the results and search for more possible mechanisms of variants located in lncRNA genes implicated in ASD.

Single-cell sequencing technology in diabetic wound healing: New insights into the progenitors-based repair strategies.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), an increasingly prevalent chronic metabolic disease, is characterised by prolonged hyperglycaemia, which leads to long-term health consequences. Although much effort has been put into understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic wounds, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has revolutionised biological research by enabling the identification of novel cell types, the discovery of cellular markers, the analysis of gene expression patterns and the prediction of developmental trajectories. This powerful tool allows for an in-depth exploration of pathogenesis at the cellular and molecular levels. In this editorial, we focus on progenitor-based repair strategies for diabetic wound healing as revealed by scRNAseq and highlight the biological behaviour of various healing-related cells and the alteration of signalling pathways in the process of diabetic wound healing. ScRNAseq could not only deepen our understanding of the complex biology of diabetic wounds but also identify and validate new targets for intervention, offering hope for improved patient outcomes in the management of this challenging complication of DM.

Dexmedetomidine alleviates acute postoperative anxiety in rats by suppressing the NF-ĸB pathway.

Evidence suggests that surgical procedures can effect the central nervous system and lead to changes in mood and behavior, rarely understood about the role of acute inflammation in promoting acute anxiety postoperatively. This study was designed to explore the possible mechanism of dexmedetomidine (DEX, a2-adrenergic receptor agonist) for reducing acute postoperative anxiety, which may be related to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and downstream signal pathway in the hippocampus. Experiments were conducted with rat, the elevated plus-maze and open field test were performed to evaluate anxiety-like behavior. Inhibit DEX with Atipamezole (AT, α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and inhibit NF-κB with Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC, inhibit phosphorylation of IκB, prevent the activation of NF-κB), the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1ß, IL-10 and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the hippocampus and anxiety-like behavior were measured. Rats exhibited anxiety-like behavior at 6h and 12h after surgery. Preoperative administration of DEX significantly alleviated postoperative anxiety-like behavior. DEX premedication inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB alleviate acute postoperative anxiety. These findings are the first to show that acute postoperative anxiety may be related to NF-κB nuclear translocation in the hippocampus in rats, which can be alleviated by DEX premedication.

Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Children: Evidence from the Tongji Mental Health Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and physical activity parameters (e.g., intensity, frequency, and duration) among Chinese school-aged children. METHOD: Participants in this study were extracted from the Tongji Mental Health Cohort Study. The baseline survey was conducted in June 2020 involving 2588 school-aged children from two primary schools in Hubei Province, China. A total of 2435 children were followed up successfully in December 2020. The Children's Depression Inventory Short Form (CDI-S) was applied to evaluate depressive symptoms among school-aged children. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3) was adopted to estimate children's physical activity parameters including the intensity, frequency, and duration. Generalized estimation equation models were used to explore the longitudinal associations between physical activity and depressive symptoms among school-aged children. RESULTS: Engaging in moderate levels of physical activity (OR, 0.800; 95%CI, 0.692-0.924) or high levels of physical activity (OR, 0.808; 95%CI, 0.689-0.947) in the baseline survey was associated with a reduced risk of developing depressive symptoms in the follow-up survey compared with children engaging in low levels of physical activity. Stratified analyses revealed that the associations between physical activity and depressive symptoms exhibited a significant correlation among boys and children in the older age group (11-12 years). Our findings showed that engaging in physical activity more than once a week, with each session lasting 20 min or longer, was related to significant reductions in depressive symptoms by 43.8% and 22.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Self-reported physical activity is positively associated with improved mental health among Chinese school-aged children, especially when considering parameters such as frequency and duration. The association between vigorous-intensity physical activity and depressive symptoms in children should be cautiously interpreted. Future research should continue to explore the effects of vigorous-intensity physical activity on depressive symptoms in children.

Association between urinary BTEX metabolites and dyslexic odds among school-aged children.

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are ubiquitous in the environment, and all of them can cause neurotoxicity. However, the association between BTEX exposure and dyslexia, a disorder with language network-related regions in left hemisphere affected, remains unclear. We aimed to assess the relationship between BTEX exposure and dyslexic odds among school-aged children. A case-control study, including 355 dyslexics and 390 controls from three cities in China, was conducted. Six BTEX metabolites were measured in their urine samples. Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between the BTEX metabolites and the dyslexic odds. Urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (MU: a metabolite of benzene) was significantly associated with an increased dyslexic odds [odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.50], and the adjusted OR of the dyslexic odds in the third tertile was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.77) compared to that in the lowest tertile regarding urinary MU concentration. Furthermore, the association between urinary MU level and the dyslexic odds was more pronounced among children from low-income families based on stratified analyses. Urinary metabolite levels of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were not found to be associated with the dyslexic odds. In summary, elevated MU concentrations may be associated with an increased dyslexic odds. We should take measures to reduce MU related exposure among children, particularly those with low family income.

Association of exposure to phthalates and phthalate alternatives with dyslexia in Chinese primary school children.

Previous studies have shown associations between children's exposure to phthalates and neurodevelopmental disorders. Whereas the impact of exposure to phthalate alternatives is understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the association of exposure to phthalates/their alternatives with the risk of dyslexia. We recruited 745 children (355 dyslexia and 390 non-dyslexia) via the Tongji Reading Environment and Dyslexia Research Project, and their urine samples were collected. A total of 26 metabolites of phthalates/their alternatives were measured. Multivariate logistic regression and quantile-based g-computation were used to estimate the associations of exposure to the phthalates/their alternatives with dyslexia. More than 80% of the children had 17 related metabolites detected in their urine samples. After adjustment, the association between mono-2-(propyl-6-hydroxy-heptyl) phthalate (OH-MPHP) with the risk of dyslexia was observed. Compared with the lowest quartile of OH-MPHP levels, the odds of dyslexia for the third quartile was 1.93 (95% CI 1.06, 3.57). Regarding mixture analyses, it was found that OH-MPHP contributed the most to the association. Further analyses stratified by sex revealed that this association was only observed in boys. Our results suggested a significantly adverse association of di-2-propylheptyl phthalate exposure with children's language abilities. It highlights the necessity to prioritize the protection of children's neurodevelopment by minimizing their exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals like di-2-propylheptyl phthalate.

Dyslexia is associated with urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite concentrations of children from China: Data from the READ program.

It has been found that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with the risk of certain childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. However, no research has investigated the relationship between exposure to PAHs and children's dyslexia odds. The objective of this research was to investigate whether urinary mono-hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are associated with increased dyslexia odds in Chinese children. We recruited 1,089 children (542 dyslexic children and 547 non-dyslexic children) for this case-control study. Ten OH-PAHs were measured in the participants' urine samples, which were collected between November 2017 and March 2023. Odds ratios (ORs) of the associations between the OH-PAHs and dyslexia were calculated using logistic regression models, after adjustment for the potential confounding factors. A significant association was found between urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) and the elevated odds of dyslexia. The children in the highest quartile of 2-OHNap had a higher OR of dyslexia (1.87, 95% CI: 1.07-3.27) than those in the lowest quartile (P-trend = 0.02) after adjustment for the covariates. After excluding children with maternal disorders during pregnancy, logistic regression analyses showed similar results. Our results suggested a possible association between PAH exposure and the elevated odds of dyslexia.

A Facile Surface Modification Scheme for Medical-Grade Titanium and Polypropylene Using a Novel Mussel-Inspired Biomimetic Polymer with Cationic Quaternary Ammonium Functionalities for Antibacterial Application.

Medical device-associated infection remains a critical problem in the healthcare setting. Different clinical- or device-related methods have been attempted to reduce the infection rate. Among these approaches, creating a surface with bactericidal cationic functionality has been proposed. To do so, a sophisticated multi-step chemical procedure would be needed. Instead, a simple immersion approach was utilized in this investigation to render the titanium and polypropylene surface with the quaternary ammonium functionality by using a mussel-inspired novel lab-synthesized biomimetic catechol-terminated polymer, PQA-C8. The chemical oxidants, CuSO4/H2O2, as well as dopamine, were added into the novel PQA-C8 polymer immersion solution for one-step surface modification. Additionally, a two-step immersion scheme, in which the polypropylene substrate was first immersed in the dopamine solution and then in the PQA-C8 solution, was also attempted. Surface analysis results indicated the surface characteristics of the modified substrates were affected by the immersion solution formulation as well as the procedure utilized. The antibacterial assay has shown the titanium substrates modified by the one-step dopamine + PQA-C8 mixtures with the oxidants added and the polypropylene modified by the two-step scheme exhibited bacterial reduction percentages greater than 90% against both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli and these antibacterial substrates were non-cytotoxic.

Exosomal U2AF2 derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuates the intervertebral disc degeneration through circ_0036763/miR-583/ACAN axis.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the major leading causes of back pain affecting the patient's quality of life. However, the roles of circular RNA (circRNA) in IDD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanism of circ_0036763 in IDD. In this study, expressions of circ_0036763, U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2 (U2AF2), miR-583 and aggrecan (ACAN) in primary human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) derived from IDD patients and healthy controls were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blot (WB). The relationship between pre-circ_0036763 and U2AF2, circ_0036763 and miR-583, miR-583 and ACAN mRNA was determined by bioinformatic analysis, miRNA pull down or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The expressions of Collagen I and Collagen II were evaluated by WB. Co-culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) or bMSCs-derived exosomes and HNPCs were performed to identify the effect of U2AF2 on the mature of circ_0036763 and ACAN. Results indicated that circ_0036763, U2AF2 and ACAN were downregulated while miR-583 was upregulated in HNPCs derived from IDD patients compared with that in normal HNPCs. Besides, overexpression of circ_0036763 elevated the expressions of ACAN and Collagen II whereas reduced Collagen I expression in HNPCs. Moreover, U2AF2 promoted the mature of circ_0036763, and circ_0036763 positively regulated ACAN by directly sponging miR-583. Furthermore, exosomal U2AF2 derived from bMSCs could increase U2AF2 levels in HNPCs and subsequently regulate the expression of ACAN by circ_0036763/miR-583 axis. In summary, circ_0036763 modified by exosomal U2AF2 derived from bMSCs alleviated IDD through regulating miR-583/ACAN axis in HNPCs. Thus, this study might provide novel therapeutic targets for IDD.

A high concentrate diet inhibits forkhead box protein A2 expression, and induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial unfolded protein response in the liver of dairy cows.

High-concentrate diet induce subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and cause liver damage in ruminants. It has been reported that forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) can enhance mitochondrial membrane potential but its function in mitochondrial dysfunction induced by high concentrate diets is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of high-concentrate (HC) diet on hepatic FOXA2 expression, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. A total of 12 healthy mid-lactation Holstein cows were selected and randomized into 2 groups: the low concentrate (LC) diet group (concentrate:forage = 4:6) and HC diet group (concentrate:forage = 6:4). The trial lasted 21 d. The rumen fluid, blood and liver tissue were collected at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the rumen fluid pH level was reduced in the HC group and the pH was lower than 5.6 for more than 4 h/d, indicating that feeding HC diets successfully induced SARA in dairy cows. Both FOXA2 mRNA and protein abundance were significantly reduced in the liver of the HC group compared with the LC group. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, G6PDH, T-SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD) and mtDNA copy number in the liver tissue of the HC group decreased, while the level of H2O2 significantly increased, this increase was accompanied by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The balance of mitochondrial division and fusion was disrupted in the HC group, as evidenced by the decreased mRNA level of OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2 and increased mRNA level of Drp1, Fis1, and MFF. At the same time, HC diet downregulated the expression level of SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC-1α, TFAM, and Nrf 1 to inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis. The HC group induced UPRmt in liver tissue by upregulating the mRNA and protein levels of CLPP, LONP1, CHOP, Hsp10, and Hsp60. In addition, HC diet could increase the protein abundance of Bax, CytoC, Caspase 3 and Cleaved-Caspase 3, while decrease the protein abundance of Bcl-2 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Overall, our study suggests that the decreased expression of FOXA2 may be related to UPRmt, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of dairy cows fed a high concentrate diet.

Exposure to organophosphate, pyrethroid, and neonicotinoid insecticides and dyslexia: Association with oxidative stress.

Organophosphates (OPPs), pyrethroids (PYRs), and neonicotinoids (NNIs) are three major classes of insecticides used worldwide. They might compromise child neurodevelopment. However, few studies have explored the association between exposure to them and dyslexia. The present study aimed to investigate the association between dyslexia and exposure to the three classes of insecticides, as well as explore the potential role of oxidative stress in the association. A total of 355 dyslexic children and 390 controls were included in this study. The exposure biomarkers were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Specifically, the exposure biomarkers included three typical metabolites of OPPs, three of PYRs, and nine of NNIs. Additionally, three typical oxidative stress biomarkers, namely, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) for DNA damage, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) for RNA damage, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNEMA) for lipid peroxidation were measured. The detection frequencies of the urinary biomarkers ranged from 83.9% to 100%. Among the target metabolites of the insecticides, a significant association was observed between urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, the metabolite of chlorpyrifos, an OPP insecticide) and dyslexia. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, children in the highest quartile of TCPy levels had an increased odds of dyslexia (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 2.75] in comparison to those in the lowest quartile. Among the three oxidative stress biomarkers, urinary HNEMA concentration showed a significant relationship with dyslexia. Children in the highest quartile of HNEMA levels demonstrated an increased dyslexic odds in comparison to those in the lowest quartile after multiple adjustments (OR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.65). Mediation analysis indicated a significant effect of HNEMA in the association between urinary TCPy and dyslexia, with an estimate of 17.2% (P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study suggested the association between urinary TCPy and dyslexia. The association could be attributed to lipid peroxidation partially.

Benchmark for establishment of organoids from gastrointestinal epithelium and cancer based on available consumables and reagents.

Gastrointestinal cancers are a public health problem that threatens the lives of human being. A good experimental model is a powerful tool to promote the uncovering pathogenesis and establish novel treatment methods. High-quality biomedical research requires experimental models to recapitulate the physiological and pathological states of their parental tissues as much as possible. Organoids are such experimental models. Organoids refer to small organ-like cellular clusters formed by the expansion and passaging of living tissues in 3D culture medium in vitro. Organoids are highly similar to the original tissues in terms of cellular composition, cell functions, and genomic profiling. Organoids have many advantages, such as short preparation cycles, long-term storage based on cryopreservation, and reusability. In recent years, researchers carried out the establishment of organoids from gastrointestinal mucosa and cancer tissues, and accumulated valuable experiences. In order to promote effective usage and further development of organoid-related technologies in the research of gastrointestinal diseases, this study proposes a benchmark based on utilization of available experimental consumables and reagents, which are involved in the key steps such as collection and pretreatment of biospecimen, organoid construction, organoid cryopreservation and recovery, growth status evaluation, and organoid quality control. We believe that the standard for the construction and preservation of organoids derived from human gastrointestinal epithelium and cancer tissues can provide an important reference for the majority of scientific researchers.

Application of periodontal regeneration strategy by treating both symptoms and primary cause in natural tooth preservation / 中华口腔医学杂志

Teeth with severe periodontitis always have occlusal trauma, local anatomical abnormalities, mucogingival deformities or other factors that aggravate plaque retention or periodontal tissue damage. For these teeth, the author put forward the strategy of treating both symptoms and primary cause. That is, carrying out the periodontal regeneration surgery on the basis of analyzing and removing the primary cause factors. Through literature review and case series analysis, this paper discusses the therapeutic effects of strategy by treating both symptoms and primary cause on teeth with severe periodontitis, in order to provide reference for clinician work.

Research progress on mental health of school age children under major public health emergencies / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Children were vulnerable groups in major public health emergencies. In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was widespread in the world. The mental health of school age children has become a worldwide concern. Herein, we conducted this review to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of general children and special children with a high risk of psychological problems, focusing on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post traumatic stress disorder among school age children in different countries and regions during the COVID-19 epidemic. Considering the susceptibility between individuals and the accessibility of social resources, we further explored the child, family, and social related factors affecting the mental health of school age children. Finally, some suggestions on the construction of children s mental health service system in major public health emergencies were put forward at the national, school family community, and individual levels. Building a safe and reliable child mental health protection network required the joint efforts of all sectors of society.

Effects of learning and lifestyle behaviors during home confinement on depressive and anxiety symptoms among primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the changes of depressive and anxiety symptoms in school aged children during home confinement and to identify possible influence of learning and lifestyle behaviors on mental health changes.@*Methods@#The population of this study were obtained from the "Tongji Mental Health Cohort". Two primary schools in Wuhan were selected through cluster sampling and students in grade 2-5 were surveyed. This study was divided into two stages. In the first stage (T1=during home learning), a total of 2 588 valid questionnaires were collected. In the second phase (T2=during school learning), 2 424 children were followed up successfully. Combining the results of the depression and anxiety symptoms of the two surveys of children respectively to classify the children s psychological outcomes. Association between home learning and lifestyle behaviors with the change of psychological symptoms in school aged children were estimated by disordered multi classification Logistic regression.@*Results@#The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were 28.9% and 21.0% in school aged children at T1, 35.6% and 30.6% at T2, respectively. The aggravation and persistence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children were partly related to their home learning and lifestyle behaviors. Concentration in class（ OR=0.63，95%CI =0.45-0.89）, frequent interaction with teachers ( OR =0.74, 95% CI = 0.57- 0.95 ), participation in physical exercise at home ( OR =0.60, 95% CI =0.41-0.87) was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in children. Time spent on playing video games ( OR =1.15, 95% CI =1.06-1.24) and fear of infection with coronavirus disease 2019 ( OR =1.83, 95% CI =1.39-2.42) were positively associated with anxiety in children. Boys（ OR=0.70， 0.63 ） were more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety symptoms than girls.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among school aged children increased when they went back to school after home confinement, suggesting more attention are needed for mental health intervention among school aged children.