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Threatened abortion is a common disease of obstetrics and gynecology and one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in TCM obstetrics and gynecology， Western medicine obstetrics and gynecology， and pharmacology to deeply discuss the advantages of TCM and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment as well as the medication plans for threatened abortion. After discussion， the experts concluded that chromosome， endocrine， and immune abnormalities were the key factors for the occurrence of threatened abortion， and the Qi and blood disorders in thoroughfare and conception vessels were the core pathogenesis. In the treatment of threatened abortion， TCM has advantages in preventing miscarriages， alleviating clinical symptoms and TCM syndromes， relieving anxiety， regulating reproductive endocrine and immune abnormalities， personalized and diversified treatment， enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity， and preventing the disease before occurrence. The difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese and Western medicine lies in identifying the predictors of abortion caused by maternal factors and the treatment of thrombophilia. Recurrent abortion is the breakthrough point of treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It is urgent to carry out high-quality evidence-based medicine research in the future to improve the modern diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with TCM.
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BACKGROUND:Aging, lack of estrogen and few activities may lead to the decrease of resting energy expenditure in menopause women so as to induce the body composition changes, which can result in disease, such as obesity and fracture. OBJECTIVE:To explore the change of body composition and resting metabolic rate among premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS:2 312 women who came to outpatient clinic were recruited, including 1 310 premenopausal women, 790 perimenopausal women and 212 postmenopausal women. Body composition and resting energy expenditure were measured in each woman. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Body fat percentage of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that of pre-menopausal women. (2) There was no significant difference in resting metabolic rate among the three groups. When adjusted body weight, the resting energy expenditure per kilogram was significantly lower in perimenopausal women than in premenopausal women. (3) Bone mineral density, femoral neck strength, lower limb maximal strength, and leg muscle distribution coefficient were significantly lower in postmenopausal women than in perimenopausal and premenopausal women (P < 0.05). (4) Weight and leg muscle distribution coefficient were positively correlated with the resting energy expenditure per kilogram, and height, body mass index, body fat percentage were negatively correlated with the resting energy expenditure per kilogram. These findings indicate that the body composition can change in women after menopause, such as body fat increasing, muscle content decreasing, and bone mass loss. There is a certain relationship between the change in body composition and resting energy expenditure.
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Objective:To analyze the depression incidence in premenopausal or postmenopausal women, find out the countermeasures to control or eliminate depression. Methods:Randomly divided the menopause group and premenopausal group in 724 patients who were assessed using Zung depression scale and venous blood determination of endocrine hormone FSH, LH, E2. Zung score≥40 points can diagnose depression. Results:The incidence in premenopausal group of climacteric depression was 13.3%, and postmenopausal group was 5.6%. The incidence of climacteric depression premenopausal group was obviously higher than that after menopause (x2=12.797, P<0.05). Conclusion:Menopause depression patients often have some physical or mental factors as incentive, spirit and body disease, etc.;Patients often change in physical and psychological. So the comprehensive care in the biological, psychological and social are necessary.
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OBJECTIVE: To learn the prevalence of abnormal components of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women, and to explore the optimal body composition indices to predict the abnormal components of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A total of 181 participants were recruited from postmenopausal women who came to Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital for health examination between July 2006 and August 2007. They were 41-60 years of age, and there were 1-9 years since menopause. Their clinical and biochemical parameters were measured, including body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, blood pressure, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting,plasma glucose, fasting insulin and body fat. The prevalence of the abnormal components of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women was investigated. The correlations between body composition indices and the components of metabolic syndrome were analyzed by partial correlation analysis independent of age, years since postmenopause and the level of estradiol. The body composition indices to predict the abnormal components of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women were explored. RESULTS: ①The prevalence of central obesity (waist circumference ≥ 80 cm), hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride ≥1.7 mmol/L), low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (high density lipopretein-cholesterol < 1.29 mmol/L), hypertension (systolic pressure ≥ 130 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) and high fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L)was 48.1%, 31.5%, 16.6%, 38.7% and 50.3%, respectively. ②Through partial correlation analysis, body composition indices (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter, and body fat) had a positive correlation with triglyceride, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and fasting plasma glucose, while a negative correlation with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, independent of age, years since postmenopause and the level of estradiol.③Body composition indices and critical value of them used to predict the abnormal components of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women were as follows: hypertriglyceridemia: body mass index ≥ 24.845 kg/m~2; low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol: sagittal abdominal diameter ≥ 18.85 cm; hypertension: body mass index ≥ 23.33 kg/m~2; high fasting glucose: sagittal abdominal diameter ≥ 18.10 cm or body fat ≥ 36.515%. CONCLUSION: Central obesity and high fasting glucose are the most common metabolic disorders in postmenopausal women. Obesity is an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome for postmenopausal women. Body composition indices and their critical values to predict the abnormal components of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women are found.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between female resting energy expenditure and obesity-related indicators, and to compare the differences of resting energy expenditure and resting energy expenditure per kilogrem between obese women and normal weight women.METHODS: A total of 565 healthy women who did medical examination or visited Department of Endocrinology in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between 2004 and 2008 were recruited, their height and weight were measured. Human metabolic apparatus was used to measure resting energy expenditure, then body surface area, body mass index, resting energy expenditure per kilogram were calculated. According to the diagnostic cdtada of obesity by body mass index, the 565 cases were divided into two groups: obese group (n=179) and normal body weight group (n=240), and all the measurement results were calculated and did the tests of normality, correlation analysis and two independent samples rank sum test or t test. RESULTS: The resting energy expenditure of 565 healthy women were normality, the result was (5.793±0.940) k J/d, and resting energy expenditure showed a positive correlation with body weight, height, body mass index and body surface area (P < 0.05), while showed no significant correlation with age (P > 0.05), there was no significant difference of age end height between obese group and normal body weight group (P > 0.05), while a statistical significant difference was found in resting energy expenditure and resting energy expenditure per kilogram between obese group and normal body weight group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation that female resting energy expenditure with their height, weight, body mass index and body surface area, and the resting energy expenditure of obese women is higher than that of normal body weight women, while resting energy expenditure per kilogram of obese women is lower than that of normal body weight women.
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Obesity has become a social problem.Study shows that fat is closely related with chronic diseases.and the effect of body fat on body metabolism varies with its distribution.The discovery of fat as an endocrine organ provides a broad research areas for the relationship between body fat and chronic diseases.The difierense in fat distribution between different sexes suggests that gonadal hormone has obvious effects on body fat metabolism.As a result,hormone replacement therapy has become the optimal method for releasing climacteric symptom.With the development of people's living standards,the attention paid to the menopausal problem,the research on body fat changes and its relationship with chronic diseases,and the study on the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the body fat are of great importance.
