RESUMEN
AIMS: Rotation is an effective strategy for controlling crop diseases and improving plant health. However, the effect of a mushroom-tobacco rotation on the composition and structure of microbial communities in continuous cropping soil is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study analysed the structure and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the physicochemical properties (organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) and enzymatic activity (phosphatase, catalase, urease and invertase activity) in the rotation treatments (Y1, M1, Y2 and M2) were significantly higher than those in the control (continuous cropping) treatment (CK) and reached peak values in the M2 treatment. PCA showed that the soil microbial community structure in each rotation treatment was different from that in the control. The dominant bacterial phyla of the different soil treatments were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, and the dominant fungal phyla of the different soil treatments were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The M2 rotation significantly reduced the relative abundance of harmful fungi (Penicillium and Gibberella) compared to the other treatments. RDA showed that the most abundant bacterial taxa were negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with physicochemical properties. However, the most abundant fungal taxa were positively correlated with pH and negatively correlated with physicochemical properties. CONCLUSIONS: The mushroom-tobacco rotation can effectively maintain the ecological balance of the substrate microbial environment, and provide a more effective way to prevent the continuous cropping of tobacco.
RESUMEN
Coalescence-induced droplet jumping from a round hydrophobic fiber was studied by phase-field-based hybrid lattice-Boltzmann finite-difference simulations in which the interface dynamics is handled by the finite-difference solution of the Cahn-Hilliard equation and the hydrodynamics is handled by the lattice-Boltzmann method. It was found that at a small Ohnesorge number of O(0.01), several different outcomes, including normal jumping at a positive velocity, jumping with a negative velocity, jumping after wrapping the fiber, and oscillating on the fiber, may occur after droplet coalescence, depending on the wettability of the fiber and the droplet-to-fiber radius ratio. In accordance with previous reports, normal droplet jumping from the fiber happens only when the radius ratio exceeds some critical value for a given contact angle. The critical radius ratio decreases as the fiber becomes more hydrophobic. For a given contact angle and radius ratio, it was observed that there exists an Ohnesorge number at which the jumping speed achieves a maximum value.
