Notch signaling pathway inhibitor DAPT improves alcohol-induced neuronal differentiation impairment in zebrafish / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of the Notch signaling pathway in regulating neuronal differentiation and sensorimotor ability in a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.@*METHODS@#Zebrafish embryos treated with DMSO or 50 μmol/L DAPT (a Notch signaling pathway inhibitor) were examined for mortality rate, hatching rate, malformation rate, and body length at 15 days post fertilization (dpf). The mRNA expression levels of sox2, neurogenin1 and huc in the treated zebrafish embryos were detected using in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR, and their behavioral responses to strong light and vibration stimulation were observed. The zebrafish embryos were then exposed to DMSO, 1.5% ethanol, DAPT, or both ethanol and DAPT, and the changes in mRNA expression levels of sox2, neurogenin1, huc, and the Notch signaling pathway genes as well as behavioral responses were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Exposure to 50 μmol/L DAPT significantly increased the mortality rate of 1 dpf zebrafish embryos (P < 0.01), decreased the hatching rate of 2 dpf embryos (P < 0.01), increased the malformation rate of 3 dpf embryos (P < 0.001), and reduced the body length of 15 dpf embryos (P < 0.05). DAPT treatment significantly downregulated sox2 mRNA expression (P < 0.01) and increased neurogenin1 (P < 0.05) and huc (P < 0.01) mRNA expressions in zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish with DAPT treatment exhibited significantly shortened movement distance (P < 0.001) and lowered movement speed (P < 0.05) in response to all the stimulation conditions. Compared with treatment with 1.5% ethanol alone, which obviously upregulated notch1a, her8a and NICD mRNA expressions in zebrafish embryos (P < 0.05), the combined treatment with ethanol and DAPT significantly increased neurogenin1 and huc mRNA expression, decreased sox2 mRNA expression (P < 0.01), and increased the moving distance and moving speed of zebrafish embryos in response to strong light stimulation (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Ethanol exposure causes upregulation of the Notch signaling pathway and impairs neuronal differentiation and sensorimotor ability of zebrafish embryos, and these detrimental effects can be lessened by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.

Relationship between Kapβ2-mediated nuclear translocation of hnRNPA2/B1 and sevoflurane-induced brain neurotoxicity: a cellular experiment / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between Karyopherin β2 (Kapβ2)-mediated nuclear translocation of nuclear inhomogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) and sevoflurane-induced brain neurotoxicity in a cellular experiment.Methods:The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 cells were inoculated in confocal culture dishes and 6-well culture plates at a density of 2×10 5 cells/well and 1×10 6 cells/well and divided into 4 groups( n=12 each) by a random number table method: control group (GFP-C group) carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) with empty adenovirus transfection, sevoflurane group (GFP-Sev group) carrying GFP with empty adenovirus transfection, control group (GFP-Sev group) transfected with Kapβ2 gene-overexpressing adenovirus, and sevoflurane group (Kapβ2-Sev group) transfected with Kapβ2 gene-overexpressing adenovirus. After 48 h of conventional incubation, empty adenovirus-carrying GFP (GFP-C and GFP-Sev groups) and Kapβ2 gene-overexpressing adenovirus (Kapβ2-C and Kapβ2-Sev groups) were transfected. After 48 h of transfection, the cells were conventionally incubated continuously in GFP-C and Kapβ2-C groups, and the cells were incubated for 3 h with 3% sevoflurane and then were conventionally incubated for 48 h in GFP-Sev and Kapβ2-Sev groups. The expression of Kapβ2, synaptophysin (SYP), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and hnRNPA2/B1 nucleoplasmic ratio were measured in cells by Western blot. Immunofluorescence assay was used for hnRNPA2/B1 subcellular localization. Results:Compared with GFP-C group, the expression of SYP and PSD95 was significantly down-regulated, hnRNPA2/B1 nucleoplasmic ratio was decreased, and cytoplasmic hnRNPA2/B1 expression was up-regulated in GFP-Sev group, and Kapβ2 expression was significantly up-regulated in Kapβ2-C group ( P<0.05). Compared with Kapβ2-C group, the expression of SYP and PSD95 was significantly down-regulated, hnRNPA2/B1 nucleoplasmic ratio was decreased, and cytoplasmic hnRNPA2/B1 expression was up-regulated in Kapβ2-Sev group ( P<0.05). Compared with GFP-Sev group, the expression of Kapβ2, SYP and PSD95 was significantly up-regulated, hnRNPA2/B1 nucleoplasmic ratio was increased, and cytoplasmic hnRNPA2/B1 expression was down-regulated in Kapβ2-Sev group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Kapβ2-mediated hnRNPA2/B1 nuclear translocation may be the endogenous protective mechanism against sevoflurane-induced brain neurotoxicity.

Efficacy of autologous ozoneized blood transfusion in improving motor function in convalescent stroke patients / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of autologous ozoneized blood transfusion(AOBT) in improving consciousness and motor function in convalescent stroke patients. 【Methods】 A total of 44 patients who were diagnosed as convalescent cerebral apoplexy and received treatment in Rehabilitation Department of our hospital from August 2016 to September 2021 were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group by blind method. The experimental group (n=22) received general rehabilitation training (such as exercises, occupational therapy, acupuncture and transcranial magnetic stimulation) plus AOBT (200 mL venous phlebotomy at the median elbow), once every 2 to 3 days and 12 occasions as a course of treatment; the control group solely recieved general rehabilitation training. The consciousness (GCS score) and ability of daily living (Barthel index score) score of the two groups before and after treatment were statistically compared, and Ueda motor function grade, Brunnstrom stage and muscle tone grade were observed and evaluated. 【Results】 After the treatment, the experimental group and the control were compared as follows: 1) the GCS score and Barthel score was 14.82±0.39 vs 12.41±2.52, 61.14±12.24 vs 52.05±11.72(P<0.05); 2) The recovery rate of motor function was 95.45% (21/22) vs 63.64% (14/22) (P<0.05); 3) The total recovery rate of muscle tone was 90.91% (20/22) vs 63.64% (14/22) (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 AOBT, with somewhat high safety and effectiveness, can improve the state of consciousness, motor function and muscle tone in convalescent patients with stroke.

Preparation of N,S-codoped magnetic bagasse biochar and adsorption characteristics for tetracycline.

Agricultural waste disposal and purification of polluted water are always the key issues of environmental restoration. In this work, thiourea-functionalized magnetic bagasse biochar (MFeBC) was prepared for tetracycline (TC) removal from aqueous solutions. Firstly, MFeBC was prepared by a combined impregnation and chemical coprecipitation method. Furthermore, MFeBC was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the magnetic hysteresis curves. For the TC adsorption, the effects of different solution pH level, adsorbent dosage, initial TC concentration and temperature on the adsorption performance were studied respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the Freundlich isotherm models appropriately described the adsorption process. The kinetic data were better fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum TC adsorption capacity of MFeBC reached 69.26 mg g-1. Hydrogen bonding and Π-Π interactions played a dominant role in the adsorption process. Therefore, MFeBC can be used as an effective adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aqueous solution.

Regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs and m6A modification in trophoblast functions and the occurrence of its related adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth restriction, and recurrent miscarriage, occur frequently in pregnant women and might further induce morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. Increasing studies have shown that dysfunctions of human trophoblast are related to these adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent studies also showed that environmental toxicants could induce trophoblast dysfunctions. Moreover, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to play important regulatory roles in various cellular processes. However, the roles of ncRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast dysfunctions and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes still need to be further investigated, especially with exposure to environmental toxicants. In this review, we analyzed the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs and m6A methylation modification in the dysfunctions of trophoblast cells and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and also summarized the harmful effects of environmental toxicants. In addition to DNA replication, mRNA transcription, and protein translation, ncRNAs and m6A modification might be considered as the fourth and fifth elements that regulate the genetic central dogma, respectively. Environmental toxicants might also affect these processes. In this review, we expect to provide a deeper scientific understanding of the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and to discover potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of these outcomes.

The effect of visual preconditioning on emergence agitation of preschool children during ophthalmologic anesthesia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of visual preconditioning on emergence agitation in ophthalmic surgery among preschool children.Methods:A total of 156 preschool children who underwent elective ophthalmic surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from February to September 2021 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the intervention group by random number table method, there were 78 cases in each group. The control group was given normal nursing 1 hour before surgery while the intervention group accepted visual preconditioning by covering the affected eye. Chinese Version of the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (Cm-YPAS) was used to evaluate the grade of anxiety for the patients during the process of anesthesia induction. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) was used to compare the score of emergence agitation and the incidence rate of emergence agitation of the two groups.Results:Finally, 75 cases were included in the intervention group and 75 cases in the control group. During anesthesia induction, the intervention group scored (39.78±4.84) and the control group scored (41.07±5.09) with Cm-YPAS, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Furthermore, compared the PAED score of the intervention group 5(4,8) with the control group 8(5, 11), there were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( Z=-3.07, P<0.01). Emergence agitation incidence in the intervention group was 14.67%(11/75), which was lower than that in the control group 38.67%(29/75), the difference was significant ( χ2=11.05, P<0.01). Conclusions:Visual preconditioning can effectively improve recovery quality after general anesthesia and decrease the incidence rate of emergence agitation in ophthalmic surgery among preschool pediatric patients. It′s well worthy of application and dissemination of visual preconditioning clinically.

Comparative analysis of C-TIRADS and ACR-TIRADS in the diagnostic efficiency of thyroid nodules / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of the 2020 Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS) and the 2017 American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the two-dimensional ultrasound image results of 324 thyroid nodules in 289 patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid nodules were performed in the physical examination of the Health Management Department of the Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. A superficial professional doctor with a senior professional title simultaneously uses the C-TIRADS and ACR-TIRADS methods to evaluate the above nodules. The results are all pathologically referenced for the χ2 test and the receiver operating characteristic curve is drawn. Results:The sensitivity of C-TIRADS in diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 81.90%, specificity was 97.72%, accuracy was 92.59%, negative predictive value was 91.85%, positive predictive value was 84.51%; ACR-TIRADS diagnosis The sensitivity of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 59.05%, specificity was 99.54%, accuracy was 86.42%, negative predictive value was 83.52%, and positive predictive value was 98.41%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.958 and 0.935( Z=2.31 P=0.021). Conclusion:C-TIRADS classification based on counting method is better than ACR-TIRADS classification based on sub-method in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. It has better efficacy and is more suitable for the current status of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules in China.

Cadmium-induced hormesis effect in medicinal herbs improves the efficiency of safe utilization for low cadmium-contaminated farmland soil.

Compared to other soil remediation technologies, Cd-contaminated farmland soil with low cadmium accumulation (LCA) plant-based safe utilization is more catered to developing countries with food in high demand. Hormesis, which describes the fortification of plant growth performance by a low level of environmental stress, can be innovatively used to achieve increases in crop yield and plant functional components, thus amplifying the safe utilization efficiency of low Cd-contaminated soil by LCA plants. In the present study, the growth and physiological responses of Polygonatum sibiricum, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, were investigated under laboratory conditions of gradient Cd dosage concentrations and times. As a result, the growth performance of P. sibiricum reached the peak of an inverse U-shaped curve of hormesis under e0 mg kg-1 and 9 months of Cd stress, with elevations in tuber biomass (medicinal part), plant height and polysaccharide content (medicinal components) of 143%, 25% and 90%, respectively. Meanwhile, trace Cd accumulation (0.41 mg kg-1) in the tuber guaranteed medicinal edible safety. In addition, Cd-induced hormesis in P. sibiricum was verified to be overcompensated by antioxidation systems. In conclusion, such 'win-win' results, including low Cd accumulation and enhancement of plant pharmaceutical value, provided medicinal herbs with a possibility for safe soil utilization.

Fast Real-Time Cardiac MRI: a Review of Current Techniques and Future Directions

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as a clinical gold-standard noninvasive imaging technique for the assessment of global and regional cardiac function. Conventional cardiac MRI is limited by the long acquisition time, the need for ECG gating and/or long breathhold, and insufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Real-time cardiac cine MRI refers to high spatiotemporal cardiac imaging using data acquired continuously without synchronization or binning, and therefore of potential interest in overcoming the limitations of conventional cardiac MRI. Novel acquisition and reconstruction techniques must be employed to facilitate real-time cardiac MRI. The goal of this study is to discuss methods that have been developed for realtime cardiac MRI. In particular, we classified existing techniques into two categories based on the use of non-iterative and iterative reconstruction. In addition, we present several research trends in this direction, including deep learning-based image reconstruction and other advanced real-time cardiac MRI strategies that reconstruct images acquired from real-time free-breathing techniques.

Several rare nail unit tumors / 中华皮肤科杂志

Nail unit tumors are a group of rare tumors only occurring in the nail unit, including onychopapilloma, onychomatricoma, onychocytic matricoma, onycholemmal carcinoma, and so on. These tumors have specific clinical manifestations and pathological features due to their special anatomical locations. This review focuses on clinical manifestations, histopathological characteristics and treatment of the above tumors.

Research progress of ultrasound based in diagnosis follicular thyroid carcinoma / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Follicular thyroid carcinoma(FTC) is a differentiated thyroid carcinoma originated from thyroid follicular cells. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound classification and scoring systems in diagnosis of follicular carcinoma are insufficient. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration(US-FNA) can screen but cannot diagnose FTC. Core needle biology(CNB) can reduce repeated FNA and unnecessary operations, and improve the diagnostic accuracy of FN patients, but CNB still has many controversies. Ultrasound guided FNA combined with gene detection (such as RAS) can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of follicular neoplasm. In recent years, artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis has shown high specificity in distinguishing FTC from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), which is conducive to the standardized treatment of thyroid follicular neoplasm. In this paper, the research progress of ultrasound based in diagnosis of FTC was reviewed.

Characteristics and significance of IGF-1 and IGFBP2 gene expressions in ankle cartilage of patients with Kashin-Beck disease / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics and significance of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF- 1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) expressions in ankle cartilage of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).Methods:In this case-control study, 10 KBD patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016 were selected as KBD group, and 10 patients with ankle fracture caused by trauma but without talus injury during the same period were selected as control group, the cartilage tissues of the two groups were collected. IGF-1, IGFBP2 positive cells, the mRNA and protein expressions of IGF-1, IGFBP2 in the cartilage tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. According to the expressions of IGF-1 and IGFBP2 in ankle cartilage of KBD patients, a patient with amputation caused by trauma was selected in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and ankle joint cartilage was taken to prepare chondrocytes for in vitro cell verification experiments. The chondrocyte were divided into control group (0 ng/ml T-2 toxin), T-2 treatment group (20 ng/ml T-2 toxin) and T-2+ IGFBP2 silenced group (20 ng/ml T-2 toxin+ 50 nmol/L IGFBP2 siRNA), the MTT method and dimethyl methylene blue staining were used to detect the activity of chondrocyte and the secretion of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG). Results:In the control group and the KBD group, the number of IGF-1[(47.26 ± 8.97), (68.15 ± 7.42) cells] and IGFBP2 positive cells [(27.56 ± 5.40), (71.85 ± 7.62) cells] in the cartilage tissues were significantly different ( t = 4.487, 9.402, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the IGF-1, IGFBP2 mRNA and protein expression levels in KBD group were significantly higher, the differences were significantly different ( t = 3.340, 20.700, 4.684, 8.699, P < 0.05 or < 0.01). In cell experiment, the chondrocyte activitives and sGAG contents of the control group, T-2 treatment group, and T-2+ IGFBP2 silenced group were significantly different ( F = 226.70, 80.66, P < 0.01); among them, the cell activitives and sGAG contents of the T-2 treatment group and T-2+ IGFBP2 silenced group were lower than those of control group ( P < 0.05), and the T-2+ IGFBP2 silenced group were higher than those of the T-2 treatment group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The expressions of IGF-1 and IGFBP2 in the ankle cartilage of KBD patients are significantly higher. Silencing IGFBP2 gene can reduce the inhibitory effect of T-2 toxin on chondrocyte activity and the secretion of sGAG.

Progress of evaluation scales in chronic cough / 国际儿科学杂志

With the further understanding and the accumulation of experiences in diagnosis and treatment for chronic cough, a growing number of evaluation scales about chronic cough are used in clinical practice.Medical workers try to quantitatively evaluate chronic cough and accurately guide clinical practices with evaluation scales.At present, the evaluation scales of chronic cough mostly focus on health-related quality of life, because chronic cough will seriously affect the quality of life for patients, and further affect the psychology, daily life and family members of patients.

Correlation Between Histological and Endoscopic Findings in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis / 胃肠病学

Background: Endoscopy combined with biopsy-based histology is most commonly used in the surveillance of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the endoscopic and histological results for assessing disease activity are often inconsistent. Aims: To investigate the consistency and correlation of endoscopic and histological scoring systems in assessing the disease activity in UC patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in UC patients admitted from January 2014 to January 2020 at Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The clinical manifestations, endoscopic and histological findings were collected and analyzed, and the disease activity was examined endoscopically and histologically by Mayo Endoscopic Subscore and Simplified Geboes Score, respectively. Results: One hundred and forty-three UC patients were enrolled. Basal plasmacytosis is frequently seen in endoscopically active UC (OR=11.19, 95% CI: 4.80-26.09, P<0.001). Approximately half of the patients (53.7%) who achieved endoscopic remission still had inflammatory activity histologically. Kappa consistency test showed that the agreement between Mayo Endoscopic Subscore and Simplified Geboes Score for assessing disease activity was moderate (κ=0.4, P<0.001). By Spearman correlation coefficient analysis, a moderate correlation between the two scoring systems was identified (r

AHVAC-I reverses tumor growth of cancer-associated fibroblasats in gastric cancer / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore whether Agkistrodon Halys venom antitumor component-I (AHVAC-I) affects the migration of gastric cancer cells by human primary gastric cancer-associated fibroblast (GCAFs). METHODS: Tissue block culture and trypsin digestion were used to separate and culture human primary gastric cancer-associated fibroblasts (GCAFs); the GCAFs-CM

Health Education for Parents During the COVID-19 OutbreakPublic Health Education for Parents During the Outbreak of COVID-19: A Rapid Review

BackgroundIt is well-known that public health education plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases, but how health providers should advise families and parents to obtain health education information is a challenging question. With COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) spreading around the world, this rapid review aims to answer that question and thus to promote evidence-based decision making in health education policy and practice. MethodsWe systematically searched the literature on health education during COVID-19, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome) epidemics in Medline (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CBM (China Biology Medicine disc), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Wanfang Data from their inception until March 31, 2020. The potential bias of the studies was assessed by Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. ResultsOf 1067 papers found, 24 cross-sectional studies with a total of 35,967 participants were included in this review. The general public lacked good knowledge of SARS and MERS at the early stage of epidemics. Some peoples knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of COVID-19 had been improved, but the health behaviors of some special groups including children and their parents need to be strengthened. Negative emotions including fear and stigmatization occurred during the outbreaks. Reliable health information was needed to improve public awareness and mental health for infectious diseases. Health information from nonprofit, government and academic websites was more accurate than privately owned commercial websites and media websites. ConclusionsFor educating and cultivating children, parents should obtain information from the official websites of authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and national Centers for Disease Control, or from other sources endorsed by these authorities, rather than from a general search of the internet or social media.

Supportive Care for Patient with Respiratory Diseases: An Umbrella Review

BackgroundSupportive treatment is an important and effective part of the management for patients with life-threatening diseases. This study aims to identify and evaluate the forms of supportive care for patients with respiratory diseases. MethodsAn umbrella review of supportive care for patient respiratory diseases was undertaken. We comprehensively searched the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data and CBM (SinoMed) from their inception to 31 March 2020, and other sources to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to supportive treatments for patient with respiratory diseases including COVID-19, SARS, MERS and influenza. We assessed the methodological quality using the AMSTAR score and the quality of the evidence for the primary outcomes of each included systematic review and meta-analysis. ResultsWe included 18 systematic reviews and meta-analyses in this study. Most studies focused on the respiratory and circulatory support. Ten studies were of high methodological quality, five studies of medium quality, and three studies of low quality. According to four studies extracorporeal membrane oxygenation did not reduce mortality in adults (OR/RR ranging from 0.71 to 1.28), but two studies reported significantly lower mortality in patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation than in the control group (OR/RR ranging from 0.38 to 0.73). Besides, monitoring of vital signs and increasing the number of medical staff may also reduce the mortality in patients with respiratory diseases. ConclusionsOur overview suggests that supportive care may reduce the mortality of patients with respiratory diseases to some extent. However, the quality of evidence for the primary outcomes in the included studies was low to moderate. Further systematic reviews and meta-analyses are needed to address the evidence gap regarding the supportive care for SARS, MERS and COVID-19.

Nosocomial Infections Among Patients with COVID-19, SARS and MERS: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundCOVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has now spread to most countries and regions of the world. As patients potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2 need to visit hospitals, the incidence of nosocomial infection can be expected to be high. Therefore, a comprehensive and objective understanding of nosocomial infection is needed to guide the prevention and control of the epidemic. MethodsWe searched major international and Chinese databases Medicine, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane, CBM(China Biology Medicine disc), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wanfang database)) for case series or case reports on nosocomial infections of COVID-19, SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes) and MERS(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) from their inception to March 31st, 2020. We conducted a meta-analysis of the proportion of nosocomial infection patients in the diagnosed patients, occupational distribution of nosocomial infection medical staff and other indicators. ResultsWe included 40 studies. Among the confirmed patients, the proportions of nosocomial infections were 44.0%, 36.0% and 56.0% for COVID-19, SARS and MERS, respectively. Of the confirmed patients, the medical staff and other hospital-acquired infections accounted for 33.0% and 2.0% of COVID-19 cases, 37.0% and 24.0% of SARS cases, and 19.0% and 36.0% of MERS cases, respectively. Nurses and doctors were the most affected among the infected medical staff. The mean numbers of secondary cases caused by one index patient were 29.3 and 6.3 for SARS and MERS, respectively. ConclusionsThe proportion of nosocomial infection in patients with COVID-19 was 44%. Patients attending hospitals should take personal protection. Medical staff should be awareness of the disease to protect themselves and the patients.

Relationship between serum IL-1β, IGF-1 levels and VAS in patients with Kaschin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To detect the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-1 in serum and synovial fluid of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) and osteoarthritis (OA) and analyze the relationship between IL-1β, IGF-1 levels and visual analogue scale (VAS) score.Methods:From January 2010 to December 2016, 60 patients visited the department of orthopedics of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital were selected, included 20 patients with KBD (arthroscopic debridement of ankle), 20 patients with OA (arthroscopic debridement of ankle), and 20 patients with ankle fracture (no talus injury) as control group. The peripheral blood and synovial fluid samples from the patients were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β, IGF-1 in serum and synovial fluid. In each group, VAS score was calculated pre-operative and post-operative at 3, 7, 14 and 28 d. The relationship between IL-1β, IGF-1 levels and VAS score was evaluated by correlation analysis.Results:Synovial fluid IL-1β and IGF-1 levels in the KBD and OA groups were (67.32 ± 6.22), (56.46 ± 5.43) and (24.36 ± 6.22), (21.45 ± 4.35) pg/ml, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [(27.01 ± 3.15), (10.21 ± 2.50) pg/ml, P < 0.05]. Meanwhile, serum IL-1β and IGF-1 levels in the KBD and OA groups were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of IL-1β and IGF-1 in serum pre-operative and post-operative at 3, 7, 14 and 28 d were positively correlated with VAS score in KBD and OA groups, respectively ( r = 0.427, 0.502, 0.562, 0.628, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The levels of IL-1β and IGF-1 in synovial fluid from ankle joints and serum are significantly increased in KBD group and OA group, and the levels of IL-1β and IGF-1 in serum are positively correlated with VAS score, respectively.

CRISPR Screens Identify Essential Cell Growth Mediators in BRAF Inhibitor-resistant Melanoma / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase that harbors activating mutations in ∼7% of human malignancies and ∼60% of melanomas. Despite initial clinical responses to BRAF inhibitors, patients frequently develop drug resistance. To identify candidate therapeutic targets for BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma, we conduct CRISPR screens in melanoma cells harboring an activating BRAF mutation that had also acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. To investigate the mechanisms and pathways enabling resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanomas, we integrate expression, ATAC-seq, and CRISPR screen data. We identify the JUN family transcription factors and the ETS family transcription factor ETV5 as key regulators of CDK6, which together enable resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma cells. Our findings reveal genes contributing to resistance to a selective BRAF inhibitor PLX4720, providing new insights into gene regulation in BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cells.