ATPR alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice by promoting autophagy / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate(ATPR)on acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in C57BL/6 mice and its related mechanism.Methods Fifteen 6-week-old male C57BL/6 strain mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group and ATPR group,with 5 mice in each group.Mice in the ATPR group were intraperitoneally injected with ATPR(15 mg/kg·d),and normal group and model group were given solvent.After continuous administration for one week,model group and ATPR group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS(6 mg/kg),and all mice were sacrificed 6 hours later.The contents of Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum of mice were detec-ted.The mRNA levels of Interleukin-6(IL-6)and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)were detected by qPCR.Hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of liver in mice.The ultra-structural changes of mouse hepatocytes were observed by Transmission electron microscope(TEM).The expres-sion levels of mitochondrial damage-related proteins FUNDC1 and OPA1 and autophagy related proteins LC3B,P62,Beclin1 and ATG5 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the content of ALT and AST in serum and the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissue increased in the model group,and the changes were reversed in the ATPR group.H&E staining showed that the hepatic lobule structure was normal in the normal group,the hepatic cords were arranged radially,there was no hyperemia and inflammatory cell infiltra-tion,and the hepatocyte boundary was clear.In the model group,the intercellular space of liver was enlarged,the arrangement of hepatic cords was disordered,and inflammatory cells infiltrated.In the ATPR group,the intercellu-lar space of liver and the structure of hepatic cords were restored,and the inflammatory cell infiltration was less.TEM showed that the damaged mitochondria and lipid droplet accumulation in the hepatocytes of mice in the model group were compared with that in the normal group,and the morphology and quantity of mitochondria and lipid droplet in the hepatocytes of mice in the ATPR group tended to be normal.Western blot showed that compared with the normal group,the expression of FUNDC1 protein in the liver tissues of mice in the model group increased,the expression of OPA1 protein decreased,the ratio of LC3B Ⅱ to LC3B Ⅰ decreased,the expression of P62 protein in-creased,the expression of Beclin1 and ATG5 protein decreased,and the above changes were reversed in the ATPR group.Conclusion ATPR alleviates acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice by promoting autoph-agy.

Expert consensus on the workflow of digital aesthetic design in prosthodontics / 实用口腔医学杂志

In the field of dental aesthetics,digital aesthetic design plays a crucial role in helping dentists to predict treatment outcomes vis-ually,as well as in enhancing the consistency of knowledge and understanding of aesthetic goals between dentists and patients.It serves as the foundation for achieving ideal aesthetic effects.However,there is no clear standard for this digital process currently in China and abroad.Many dentists lack of systematic understanding of how to carry out digital aesthetic design for treatment.To establish standardized processes for dental aesthetic design and to improve the homogeneity of treatment outcomes,Chinese Society of Digital Dental Industry(CSD-DI)convened domestic experts in related field to compile this consensus.This article elaborates on the key aspects of digital aesthetic data collection,integration steps,and the digital aesthetic design process.It also formulates a decision tree for dental aesthetics at macro level and outlines corresponding workflows for various clinical scenarios,serving as a reference for clinicians.

Illness narratives and cultural implications for diabetic foot patients from the perspective of anthropology / 中国医学伦理学

Diabetic foot is one of the common chronic complications， the most common cause of hospitalization， and even the main cause of disability and death among diabetic patients. In the process of disease occurrence， development， and treatment， patients experience complex changes in physical， psychological， and social relationships. Their understanding and practice of the disease is a constant process of construction and change， which contains strategic practices influenced by factors such as disease progression， family relationships， culture and traditions of social， and doctor-patient interactions. Based on the research concepts in the field of medical anthropology， this paper applied field research methods such as survey interviews and participatory observation， and took the rich and varied and personalized narrative of diabetic foot patients as the entry point to understand their unique and detailed disease stories， as well as focused on answering the changes in the views of illness， treatment， family， society， and the body outlook experienced by diabetic foot patients. This paper aimed to provide a new perspective for understanding this group， as well as offer valuable insights for improving their treatment and management， which will help promote the overall health and quality of life with diabetic foot patients.

ATRA alleviates lipopolysaccharide －induced acute myocardial injury in mice by inhibiting Ferroptosis / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the effect and mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced acute myocardial injury in C57BL/6 mice．@*Methods @#Male mice of C57BL/6 strain were randomly divided into normal group，model group，ATRA group，and ferrostatin-1 group．Mice in the ATRA group were injected intraperitoneally with ATRA 15mg / (kg · d) ，ferrostatin-1 group received ferrostatin-1 2 mg / ( kg · d) ，the normal group and the model group were given solvent．After one week of continuous administration，the model group，ATRA group ，and ferrostatin-1 group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS 6 mg / kg． All mice were sacrificed after 6 hours．The contents of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and glutathione ( GSH) in serum of mice were detected． qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels of interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in heart tissue．Hematoxylin-eosin ( HE) staining was used to observe the changes of heart tissue in mice．Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the structure of mouse myocardial mitochondria．Western blot was used to detect the expression of ferroptosis markers glutathione peroxidase 4 ( GPX4) ，ferritin heavy chain 1 ( FTH1 ) ，Solute carrier family 7 member 11 ( SLC7A11 ) ，acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and related regulatory proteins，Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( NRF2 ) ，kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) . @*Results@#Compared with the normal group，the MDA content in the serum of the model group increased and the GSH content decreased，the above changes were reversed in the ATRA group as well as in the ferrostatin-1 group．Compared with normal group，the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the heart tissue of model group increased steeply，the above changes were relieved in the ATRA group and the ferrostatin-1 group．There was no significant difference in HE staining of myocardial tissue among the groups of mice. Compared with the normal group，myocardial mitochondria in the model group showed the phenomenon of cristaereduction or disappearance under TEM，while myocardial mitochondrial injury was alleviated in the ATRA group and the ferrostatin-1 group．Western blot showed that GPX4，FTH1，SLC7A11，and NRF2 expression were reduced in the myocardial tissue of mice in the model group compared with the normal group，ACSL4 and KEAP1 expression increased．The above changes were reversed in the ATRA group as well as in the ferrostatin-1 group．@*Conclusion@#ATRA alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute myocardial injury in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis.

Exogenous SO2 donor treatment impairs reconsolidation of drug reward memory in mice.

Substance-related and addictive disorders (SRADs) are characterized by compulsive drug use and recurrent relapse. The persistence of pathological drug-related memories indisputably contributes to a high propensity to relapse. Hence, strategies to disrupt reconsolidation of drug reward memory are currently being pursued as potential anti-relapse interventions. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), acting as a potential gaseous molecule, endogenously derives from sulfur amino acid and can exert significant neural regulatory effects. However, the role of SO2 in reconsolidation of drug memory has not been determined. In the present study, we used morphine- or cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) mouse models with retrieval to investigate the effects of exogenous SO2 donor treatment on reconsolidation of drug reward memory. We found that administration of SO2 donor immediately after the retrieval impaired the expression of morphine or cocaine CPP. Furthermore, the exogenous SO2 donor treatment 6 h post-retrieval or in the absence of retrieval had no effect on drug reward memory and the expression of CPP. SO2 itself did not produce aversive effects nor did it acutely block morphine CPP. Our results indicate that exogenous SO2 impairs reconsolidation of drug reward memory rather than inhibits the expression of drug reward memory. As such, SO2 holds potential for the treatment and prevention of SRADs and should be studied further.

Roles of pericytes in blood-brain barrier / 国际脑血管病杂志

Pericytes are a very important cellular constituent of the blood-brain barrier.They play a regulatory role in brain angiogenesis,endothelial cell tight junction formation,blood-brain barrier differentiation,microvascular dynamic motion and structural stability.Pericytes exhibit unique functional characteristics in some diseases,such as cerebrovascular disease,neurodegenerative disease,neuroimmune disease and traumatic brain injury.This article reviews the roles of pericytes in the blood-brain barrier.