Taxonomic notes on the collection of the tribe Lamiini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) housed in the Natural History Museum, London.

In the present paper, the genus Mimomyagrus Breuning, 1970 is synonymized with Combe Thomson, 1864, and Mimomyagruspfanneri Breuning, 1970 is considered a junior synonym of Combebrianus (White, 1858). The female of Arctolamiasinica Bi & Chen, 2022 is described for the first time and this species is reported as new to Myanmar. Type material of Lamiapunctator Fabricius, 1776 [= Anoplophorachinensis (Forster, 1771)], Cerambyxgalloprovincialis Olivier, 1800 [= Monochamusgalloprovincialis (Olivier, 1800)] and Melanaustergranulipennis Breuning, 1938 [= Monochamusguerryi Pic, 1903] are confirmed to be preserved in Natural History Museum, London.

Review of the genus Xenicotela Bates, 1884 (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini).

The species of the genus Xenicotela Bates, 1884 are reviewed. One new species, Xenicotelamuchenisp. nov., is described from Yunnan, China. Monochamusbinigricollis Breuning, 1965 and Monochamusvilliersi Breuning, 1960 are transferred to Xenicotela as follows: Xenicotelavilliersi (Breuning, 1960) comb. nov. and Xenicotelabinigricollis (Breuning, 1965) comb. nov.Xenicoteladistincta (Gahan, 1888) is newly reported from Myanmar and Xenicotelabinigricollis is excluded from the fauna of China. All species are redescribed and illustrated. A key to the known Xenicotela species is provided.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Themus foveicollis (Coleoptera: Cantharidae).

The genus Themus Motschulsky, 1858 is one of the largest genera of beetle family Cantharidae, however, no complete mitochondrial genome is available in the public database so far. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the first complete mitochondrial genome of Themus, with T. foveicollis as the representative species. The mitochondrial genome was 16,469 bp in size with 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes, as well as a non-coding region, which are arranged in the same way as the hypothetical ancestral insect. It exhibited a typical high A + T bias and a higher proportion of bases A and C than T and G (A: 41.1%, T: 37.5%, G: 8.6%, C: 12.9%). The phylogenetic trees of Elateroidea were reconstructed based on 13 PCGs sequences using the Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses to investigate its phylogenetic position. The results showed that Themus was consistently grouped with the remaining genera of Cantharidae and placed in a monophyletic clade of Cantharinae in high supporting values, which are congruent with the morphological classification. The newly sequenced mitochondrial genome in this study constitutes important reference data for reconstructing phylogeny of the family Cantharidae or the superfamily Elateroidea.

Identification and expression analyses of the olfactory-related genes in different tissues' transcriptome of a predacious soldier beetle, Podabrus annulatus (Coleoptera, Cantharidae).

We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes from different tissues of the soldier beetle, Podabrus annulatus (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), and obtained 75.74 Gb clean reads which were assembled into 95,274 unigenes. Among these transcripts, 25,484 unigenes of highly quality were annotated. Based on annotation and tBLASTn results, we identified a total of 101 candidate olfactory-related genes for the first time, including 11 putative odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 6 chemosensory proteins (CSP), 50 olfactory receptors (ORs), 25 gustatory receptors (GRs), 6 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). BLASTX best-hit results indicated that these chemosensory genes were most identical to their respective orthologs from Photinus pyralis. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the ORs, GRs, and IRs of Podabrus annulatus are closely related to those of Photinus pyralis. The fragment per kilobase per million mapped fragments (FPKM) values showed that the PannOBP2, PannOBP3, and PannOBP10 were predominantly expressed in the antennae, PannOBP1 in the abdomen-thorax, while others were not identified to be tissue-specific. These olfactory-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) demonstrated different roles in the olfactory system of Podabrus annulatus. This study establishes the groundwork for future research into the molecular mechanism of olfactory recognition in Podabrus annulatus.

The collection of the genus Epepeotes Pascoe, 1866 housed in the Natural History Museum, London (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae).

Data on the collection of the genus Epepeotes Pascoe, 1866 deposited in the Natural History Museum, London are presented. A total of 23 species/subspecies, including type specimens of 18 names, of them 13 valid, are recorded. Epepeotesuncinatuslineatopunctatus Breuning, 1960 is restored to subspecies-level status. Lectotypes are designated for Epepeotesuncinatusuncinatus Gahan, 1888 and Epepeotesandamanicus Gahan, 1893. Epepeotesluscusluscus (Fabricius, 1787) is newly recorded in Cambodia and Singapore, and Epepeotesuncinatusuncinatus Gahan, 1888 is newly recorded in Bangladesh. Images of the type and other significant specimens are provided for 23 taxa, mainly for the first time.

Study on the genus Parastrangalis Ganglbauer, 1889 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lepturinae) from Shennongjia, China.

Seven species of the genus Parastrangalis Ganglbauer, 1889 are recorded from Shennongjia Forestry District (China). Among them, a new species, P. shennongjiaensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated, and P. holzschuhi Chou & N. Ohbayashi, 2014 is reported for the first time from mainland China, P. houhensis N. Ohbayashi & Wang, 2004 and P. palpalis Holzschuh, 1991 are newly recorded from Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei.

The collection of the genus Mispila Pascoe, 1864 housed in the Natural History Museum, London (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Data on the collection of the genus Mispila Pascoe, 1864 (Lamiinae, Pteropliini) deposited in the Natural History Museum, London are presented. Mispila (s. str.) auguralis Pascoe, 1878 is removed from synonymy with Mispila (s. str.) venosaPascoe, 1864 and considered as a subspecies: Mispila (s. str.) venosa auguralis Pascoe, 1878 stat. rev.. Lectotypes are designated for Mispila (s. str.) obscura Gahan, 1890 and Mispila (Dryusa) flexuosa (Pascoe, 1864). The variation of Mispila venosa venosa Pascoe, 1864 is shown. A total of 20 valid species/subspecies are listed.

Study on the genus Morimospasma Ganglbauer, 1889 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) from Hubei, China.

Totally nine species/subspecies of the genus Morimospasma Ganglbauer, 1889 are recorded from Hubei (China). Among of them, a new species, Morimospasma (Parvopama) shii sp. nov., from Shennongjia Forestry District, is described and illustrated and Morimospasma (Parvopama) tuberculatum Breuning, 1939 is newly recorded from Hubei.

A Mitochondrial Genome Phylogeny of Cleridae (Coleoptera, Cleroidea).

The predaceous beetle family Cleridae includes a large and widely distributed rapid radiation, which is vital for the ecosystem. Despite its important role, a number of problems remain to be solved regarding the phylogenetic inter-relationships, the timing of divergence, and the mitochondrial biology. Mitochondrial genomes have been widely used to reconstruct phylogenies of various insect groups, but never introduced to Cleridae until now. Here, we generated 18 mitochondrial genomes to address these issues, which are all novel to the family. In addition to phylogenomic analysis, we have leveraged our new sources to study the mitochondrial biology in terms of nucleotide composition, codon usage and substitutional rate, to understand how these vital cellular components may have contributed to the divergence of the Cleridae. Our results recovered Korynetinae sister to the remaining clerids, and the calde of Clerinae+Hydnocerinae is indicated more related to Tillinae. A time-calibrated phylogeny estimated the earliest divergence time of Cleridae was soon after the origin of the family, not later than 160.18 Mya (95% HPD: 158.18-162.07 Mya) during the mid-Jurassic. This is the first mitochondrial genome-based phylogenetic study of the Cleridae that covers nearly all subfamily members, which provides an alternative evidence for reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships.

A revision of the genus Cylindroeme Vives (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae).

The genus Cylindroeme Vives, 2019 is taxonomically revised. The type species, Cylindroemevietnamica Vives, 2019 is redescribed and a second species from Qinghai (China), Cylindroemeshii sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The genus is redescribed and a key to the known species is presented. The genus is also recorded from China for the first time.

Taxonomic study on the genus Xenicotela Bates from China (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini).

A taxonomic review of the Chinese species of the genus Xenicotela Bates, 1884 is presented. A new species, Xenicotelagriseomaculata sp. nov., is described from Chongqing, China, and a new combination, Xenicotelaconvexicollis (Gressitt, 1942) comb. nov., is proposed.

Description of a new species of the genus Sinodorcadion Gressitt, 1939 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae).

In this work, a new species of the genus Sinodorcadion Gressitt, 1939 (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) is described and illustrated, namely Sinodorcadion chizhouensis Wang, Xie & Wang sp. nov. from Anhui, China.

Checklist of the infraorder Gryllidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) from Yunnan province, China, with description of one new species.

A checklist of 166 species and subspecies from 62 genera, 15 subfamilies, 5 families and 2 superfamilies of Gryllidea, is recorded from Yunnan Province of China, based on the published data and accumulated material. The detailed distribution of most species is provided in Yunnan Province. Mitius eryuanensis Yuan, Xie Liu sp. nov. is described as new species.

Comparative Mitogenomic Analysis of Two Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) with Preliminary Investigation into Phylogenetic Relationships of Tribes of Lamiinae.

The subfamily Lamiinae is the most taxonomically diverse subfamily of Cerambycidae, but relationships between tribes of Lamiinae are still unresolved. In order to study the characteristics of the mitogenomes of Lamiinae and the tribal-level phylogenetic relationships, we sequenced the mitogenomes of two species representing two tribes, Agapanthia amurensis (Agapanthiini) and Moechotypa diphysis (Ceroplesini), with a total length of 15,512 bp and 15,493 bp, respectively. The gene arrangements of these two new mitogenomes were consistent with the inferred ancestral insect mitogenomes. Each species contained 37 typical mitochondrial genes and a control region (A + T-rich region), including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). All PCGs initiated with the standard start codon ATN, and terminated with the complete stop codons of TAA and TAG, or incomplete stop codon T. All tRNAs could be folded into a clover-leaf secondary structure except for trnS1, in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm was reduced. Moreover, we studied the phylogenetic relationships between some tribes of Lamiinae based in mitochondrial PCGs in nucleotides; our results show that the relationships were as follows: (Onciderini + ((Apomecynini + Acanthocinini) + ((Ceroplesini + Agapanthiini) + ((Mesosini + Pteropliini) + ((Dorcaschematini + (Saperdini 1 + (Phytoeciini + Saperdini 2))) + (Batocerini + Lamiini)))))).

A new species of Trachystolodes Breuning, 1943 from Central China (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae).

A new species, Trachystolodes tianjialini sp. nov., from Houhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei, China, is described and illustrated.

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Holotrichia parallela to Volatiles from Peanut.

Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) is a notorious pest of many crops, especially peanuts. In this study, volatiles from peanut plants were analyzed using both gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques, and tested for adult attraction with field trapping bioassays in Hebei Province, China. GC-EAD analyses indicated that H. parallela antennae strongly responded to twelve GC peaks, including eight identified compounds, (Z)-ß-ocimene, hexanal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, nonanal, dihydromyrcenol, linalool, ß-caryophyllene, methyl salicylate, and four unidentified compounds. When tested individually in field conditions from 24 to 31 July, 2020, ß-caryophyllene and hexanal significantly attracted both sexes of H. parallela, whereas all other compounds were unattractive. A blend of ß-caryophyllene and hexanal at a ratio of 2:1, close to the natural ratio of these two compounds from the intact peanut plant, was most attractive to the beetles. The remaining identified compounds, (Z)-ß-ocimene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, nonanal, dihydromyrcenol, linalool, and methyl salicylate had no synergistic effects on H. parallela attraction when tested in combination with the blend of ß-caryophyllene and hexanal. These results demonstrated that ß-caryophyllene and hexanal in the volatiles from peanut plants have strong attraction to H. parallela. These two compounds have the potential to be used for monitoring H. parallela and its management programs.

Genome Sequence and Adaptation Analysis of the Human and Rice Pathogenic Strain Burkholderia glumae AU6208.

Burkholderia glumae causes rice (Oryza sativa) bacterial panicle blight, which is an increasingly economically important disease worldwide. As the first B. glumae strain isolated from patients with chronic infections, AU6208 has been reported as an opportunistic clinic pathogen. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying human pathogenesis by B. glumae remains rudimentary. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of the human-isolated B. glumae strain AU6208 and compare this to the genome of the rice-pathogenic B. glumae type strain LMG 2196T. Analysis of the average nucleotide identity demonstrated 99.4% similarity between the human- and plant-pathogenic strains. However, the phenotypic results from this study suggest a history of niche adaptation and divergence. In particular, we found 44 genes were predicted to be horizontally transferred into AU6208, and most of these genes were upregulated in conditions that mimic clinical conditions. In these, the gene pair sbnAB encodes key enzymes in antibiotic biosynthesis. These results suggest that horizontal gene transfer in AU6208 may be responsible for selective advantages in its pathogenicity in humans. Our analysis of the AU6208 genome and comparison with that of LMG 2196T reveal the evolutionary signatures of B. glumae in the process of switching niches from plants to humans.