Post-discharge experiences of patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: To explore the life experiences of patients who have been discharged after undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive approach was used. METHODS: Patients who have undergone ECMO support and have been discharged were recruited. Thirteen participants were involved in this study. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed using the Colaizzi method. FINDINGS: Four major themes in life experiences were reported by the participants: changes in physical function, changes in psychological state, active adaptation to daily life, and substantial rehabilitation needs. CONCLUSION: Different, continuous, and convenient post-discharge physical and mental interventions, social support, spiritual support, and rehabilitation services should be provided according to the patient's circumstances. We also call on the government to increase the patient reimbursement rate for ECMO treatment. These measures may help to improve the quality of life of patients.

A Survey on the Willingness of Ganzhou Residents to Participate in "Internet + Nursing Services" and Associated Factors.

Objective: To investigate the willingness of Ganzhou residents to participate in "Internet + Nursing services" and analyse the relevant influencing factors. Methods: From May to June 2021, 426 Ganzhou residents were surveyed using an Internet + Nursing services questionnaire and the relevant influencing factors were analysed. The questionnaire comprised two parts: demographic characteristic section and a questionnaire on residents' willingness to participate in Internet + Nursing services including for dimensions (awareness, participation, trust and need), a 5-point Likert scale was used. Results: A total of 397 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the total willingness of Ganzhou residents to participate in the service was derived as 11.59 ± 2.14. The results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that the presence of family members with a chronic disease or mobility difficulties, and an awareness and trust of Internet + Nursing services were influencing factors of residents' participation willingness (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The participation willingness of Ganzhou residents in Internet + Nursing services is modestly low, and the reasons for participation varied. It is suggested that the government and pilot hospitals strengthen the publicity surrounding these services, improve safety measures, strengthen team training, and develop products suitable for the elderly to increase residents' participation willingness.

Development and application of "Special defibrillator for teaching and training".

BACKGROUND: To provide an economical and practical defibrillator for first aid teaching and training, to reduce the cost of teaching and training, increase teaching and training equipment, provide trainees with more hands-on training sessions, and improve first aid capabilities. METHODS: Developing a special teaching defibrillator with the same structure and operation configuration as the clinical medical emergency defibrillator. The appearance, structure and operating accessories of the two defibrillators are the same. The difference between the defibrillator and the clinical medical emergency defibrillator are as follows: the clinical medical emergency defibrillator can be energized, and there are expensive electronic accessories and defibrillation accessories for charging and discharging in the machine. When discharging, the electrode plate has current discharged into the human body; the power plug of the "special defibrillator for teaching and training" is a fake plug. When the power is plugged in, no current enters the body and the machine. There are no expensive electronic accessories and defibrillation accessories for charging and discharging, and no current is discharged during discharge. Then compare the teaching effect of the special defibrillator for teaching and training and the clinical medical emergency defibrillator (including operation score and attitude after training). RESULTS: The scores of defibrillator operation in the experimental group of junior college students (87.77 ± 4.11 vs. 83.30 ± 4.56, P < 0.001) and the experimental group of undergraduate students (90.40 ± 3.67 vs. 89.12 ± 3.68, P = 0.011) were higher than those in the corresponding control group; The attitude of junior college students in the experimental group and undergraduate students in the experimental group after training was more positive than that of the corresponding control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The special defibrillator for teaching and training can save the purchase cost of teaching equipment, increase teaching and training resources, and improve the trainee's defibrillation ability, defibrillation confidence and defibrillation security.

Analysis of chloroplast differences in leaves of rice isonuclear alloplasmic lines.

The chloroplast being an important organelle of plant cells could possibly be associated with plant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To better understand the correlation between (CMS) and chloroplast, we presented a comprehensive analysis based on the changes of photosynthetic parameters, chloroplasts ultrastructure, soluble sugar and starch content, the relative expression of sugar and starch metabolism genes, and chloroplast genome in rice isonuclear alloplasmic CMS lines at the flowering stage. Leaf gas exchange parameters did not affect by CMS lines (M2BS and M2A), although intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) was influenced in both M2BS and M2A. Ultrastructural observation results indicated that many starch granules were observed in the chloroplast of CMS lines, especially bigger size in M2BS, while few ones in M2B. Only the chloroplasts of M2A contained some additional number of lipoids compared with those of the other two lines (M2B and M2BS). Soluble sugar and starch contents in CMS lines (M2BS and M2A) were significantly higher than those in maintainer line (M2B) (p < 0.01). The relative expression of sugar and starch metabolism genes indicated the imbalance of starch and sugar synthesis and decomposition may lead to accumulation of starch granules and demonstrated the presence of cytoplasmic effects. Moreover, chloroplast genome sequencing results showed similarity in both CMS lines, which revealed different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletion (InDels) models compared with their maintainer line. Those models were located in psbD, rpoC2, rpl33, psbB, ndhA, ndhH, and intergenic regions. These findings, aligned with the possible association of CMS characteristics with cpDNA and genetically close relationship among both CMS lines, may contribute for future research.

Increases in PKC gamma expression in trigeminal spinal nucleus is associated with orofacial thermal hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Painful diabetic polyneuropathy (PDN) at the early phrase of diabetes frequently exhibits increased responsiveness to nociception. In diabetic patients and animal models, alterations in the transmission of orofacial sensory information have been demonstrated in trigeminal system. Herein, we examined the changes of protein kinase Cγ subunit (PKCγ) in trigeminal spinal nucleus (Sp5C) and observed the development of orofacial thermal sensitivity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice. With hyperglycemia and body weight loss, STZ mice exhibited orofacial thermal hyperalgesia, along with increased PKCγ expression in Sp5C. Insulin treatment at the early stage of diabetes could alleviate the orofacial thermal hyperalgesia and impaired increased PKCγ in Sp5C in diabetic mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that PKCγ might be involved in orofacial thermal hyperalgesia of diabetes, and early insulin treatment might be effective way to treat orofacial PDN.

Genomic analysis of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity by small interfering RNA and lamivudine in stable HBV-producing cells.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and lamivudine have been shown to have anti-HBV effects through different mechanisms. However, assessment of the genome-wide effects of siRNA and lamivudine on HBV-producing cell lines has not been reported, which may provide a clue to interrogate the HBV-cell interaction and to evaluate the siRNA's side effect as a potential drug. In the present study, we designed seven siRNAs based on the conserved HBV sequences and tested their effects on the expression of HBV genes following sorting of siRNA-positive cells. Among these seven siRNAs, siRNA-1 and siRNA-7 were found to effectively suppress HBV gene expression. We further addressed the global gene expression changes in stable HBV-producing cells induced by siRNA-1 and siRNA-7 by use of human genome-wide oligonucleotide microarrays. Data from the gene expression profiling indicated that siRNA-1 and siRNA-7 altered the expression of 54 and 499 genes, respectively, in HepG2.2.15 cells, which revealed that different siRNAs had various patterns of gene expression profiles and suggested a complicated influence of siRNAs on host cells. We further observed that 18 of these genes were suppressed by both siRNA-1 and siRNA-7. Interestingly, seven of these genes were originally activated by HBV, which suggested that these seven genes might be involved in the HBV-host cell interaction. Finally, we have compared the effects of siRNA and lamivudine on HBV and host cells, which revealed that siRNA is more effective at inhibiting HBV expression at the mRNA and protein level in vitro, and the gene expression profile of HepG2.2.15 cells treated by lamivudine is totally different from that seen with siRNA.