Role of Macrophage Activation and Polarization in Myocardial Fibrosis and Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Myocardial fibrosis （MF） is a common pathological manifestation of various heart diseases. Due to the non-renewable nature of myocardial cells， the occurrence of MF represents irreversible damage to the myocardium. Previous studies have suggested that fibroblast-mediated collagen deposition is the main mechanism of MF. Recent studies have found that there is an immune regulation mechanism in the heart itself， and macrophage activation/polarization plays an important role in MF. With the deepening of traditional Chinese medicine research， scholars have found that traditional Chinese medicine can interfere with MF by regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS） system and the inflammatory process， repairing the extracellular matrix， managing oxidative stress， and maintaining the balance of autophagy. This process is closely related to the activation and M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. Throughout the MF process， macrophage activation is beneficial， but excessive activation will be harmful. In the early stage of MF， appropriate M1 macrophage polarization is conducive to activating immunity and removing harmful substances. In the middle and late stages of MF， appropriate M2 macrophage polarization is conducive to remodeling the damaged myocardium. If macrophage activation is excessive/insufficient， or the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization is broken， the effect changes from improvement to destruction. Traditional Chinese medicines that regulate the activation/polarization of macrophages have the effects of replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin， as well as regulating Qi and activating blood， but there are also some heat-clearing， dampness-drying， and detoxification products. Therefore， the occurrence of MF may be caused by Qi and Yin deficiency， damp heat accumulation， and Qi stagnation and blood stasis. By summarizing the biological processes involved in macrophage activation/polarization in MF， this paper expounded on the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating macrophage activation and M1/M2 polarization from different angles to improve MF， so as to provide a reference for the treatment of MF with traditional Chinese medicine.

Characteristic Analysis of Imprinting Template of Flavonoid Clusters in Four Chinese Medicines to Lung Meridian and Establishment of Experimental Approach of Meridian Tropism in Vitro / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of imprinting template of flavonoid clusters in four Chinese medicines attributed to the lung meridian， and to establish an in vitro experimental approach for the study of the attribution of Chinese medicines to the lung meridian. MethodBased on 13 Chinese medicines， including Xanthii Fructus， Houttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and so on， which only belong to the lung meridian in Chinese Materia Medica（the 13th Five-Year planning textbook of general higher education）， we identified four representative Chinese medicines， namely Houttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and Mori Cortex， and set up their fingerprints by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and calculated the molecular connectivity indices of various components in the four Chinese medicines， the similarity to their mean value was calculated by included angle cosine method， so as to establish the quantitative relationship of construction versus imprinting ability， and to determine the order of each component in the lung meridian. A total of 7 reference substances， including chlorogenic acid， rutin， quercetin， isoquercitrin， hyperoside， epicatechin， and iridin， were selected to validate the overall conformational relationships of flavonoids of the model， as well as its predictive ability. ResultHouttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and Mori Cortex contained a total of 437 chemical components with an average molecular connectivity index similarity of 0.995 6. The four Chinese medicines contained a total of 204 flavonoids with an average molecular connectivity index similarity of 0.978 0， which was second only to the alkaloids with 0.985 1. The retention time（tR） of the 7 reference substances showed a good conformational relationship with the similarity of the molecular connectivity index（tR=831.4×S-790.3， r=0.861 4， P<0.01）， which was applicable to the in vitro attribution study of the position， similarity， and relative similarity with tR of the cluster of 98.04% of flavonoids. Accordingly， the 1st position was kuwanon D， with a similarity of molecular connectivity index of 0.987 7 and a tR of 30.88 min， the 200th position was chlorogenic acid， with a similarity of molecular connectivity index of 0.958 2 and a tR of 6.36 min. The total first-order moment of the four Chinese medicines calculated by total statistical moment method of fingerprint was 24.26 min， ranked 21， which could characterize 99.19% of the whole， and the total first-order moment of the total peak area of the 7 reference substances in the four Chinese medicines was 20.00 min， with a rank of 46， which could characterize 98.68% of the whole. ConclusionFlavonoid clusters are suitable probes for the characterization of imprinting template for the study of the lung meridian， which can be established a quantitative imprinting method for meridian tropism of Chinese medicines in vitro.

Mechanisms of myocardial ischemic injury repair by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived miR-183-5P targeting FOXO1.

The homing rate of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is generally low, with only 0%-6% of the number of transplanted stem cells distributed to the heart; therefore, this study will investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of miR-183-5p-modified BMSCs cells on myocardial ischemia and hypoxia caused by AMI. In this experiment, After first establishing the BMSCs ischemic-hypoxic injury model, the rats were divided into healthy group, model group, BMSCs group and BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group, where the healthy group was taken to normal culture, the model group caused myocardial ischemic-hypoxic damage, the BMSCs group underwent BMSCs stem cell transplantation on the basis of the model group, and the BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group was group was cultured with BMSCs-derived miR-183-5P on the basis of the model group. Myocardial tissue sections of rats in each group were taken for HE staining and histopathological changes were observed by light microscopy. The proliferation, apoptosis and migration ability of the cells were detected by CCK-8 method, flow cytometry and Transwell transfer method. The target gene of miR-183-5P was predicted using bioinformatics software, and the binding of miR-183-5P to FOXO1 was investigated. The expression of FOXO1 was analysed using qRT-PCR and protein blotting techniques. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of miR-183-5P was higher in BMSCs of the BMSCs group and BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group compared with the model group, and the expression was highest in the BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group (P<0.05). The value-added ability and the migration capacity of BMSCs in the BMSCs group and BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group were increased compared with the model group, and the BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group BMSCs had the highest proliferation capacity and the migration capacity(P<0.05). In contrast, the apoptotic capacity of BMSCs was significantly reduced in the BMSCs group and BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group compared with the model group, and the apoptotic capacity of BMSCs was lowest in the BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group (P<0.05). The bioinformatics software RegRNA 2. 0 was used to predict that the specific target gene that may be regulated by miR-183-5P is FOXO1 and confirmed that miR-183-5P does indeed have a targeting relationship with the FOXO1 pathway. After upregulation of miR-183-5P expression, the expression of FOXO1 mRNA was higher in BMSCs of the BMSCs group and BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group compared with the model group, and the expression was highest in the BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group (P<0.05). The Western blotting showed that the expression of FOXO1 mRNA was higher in BMSCs of the BMSCs group and BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group compared with the model group, especially the expression was highest in the BMSCs+ miR-183-5P group (P<0.05). In conclusion, BMSCs-derived miR-183-5P can target and regulate FOXO1 to increase the proliferation and migration of BMSCs and reduce their apoptosis, and can also reduce myocardial tissue edema and inflammatory response by increasing the expression of FOXO1 mRNA, which can increase the survival rate of BMSCs and provide a clinical basis for BMSCs transplantation.

Earthquake-induced soil landslides: volume estimates and uncertainties with the existing scaling exponents.

Quantifying landslide volumes in earthquake affected areas is critical to understand the orogenic processes and their surface effects at different spatio-temporal scales. Here, we build an accurate scaling relationship to estimate the volume of shallow soil landslides based on 1 m pre- and post-event LiDAR elevation models. On compiling an inventory of 1719 landslides for 2018 Mw 6.6 Hokkaido-Iburi earthquake epicentral region, we find that the volume of soil landslides can be estimated by γ = 1.15. The total volume of eroded debris from Hokkaido-Iburi catchments based on this new scaling relationship is estimated as 64-72 million m3. Based on the GNSS data approximation, we noticed that the co-seismic uplift volume is smaller than the eroded volume, suggesting that frequent large earthquakes (and rainfall extremes) may be counterbalancing the topographic uplift through erosion by landslides, especially in humid landscapes such as Japan, where soil properties are rather weak.

Influential factors of the efficacy of tinnitus multivariate integrated sound therapy for the treatment of subjective tinnitus / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the influential factors of the efficacy of tinnitus multivariate integrated sound therapy (T-MIST) in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.Methods:A total of 431 patients with subjective tinnitus who received treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from June 2019 to June 2020 were included in this study. A cross-sectional study method was used to conduct refined testing on tinnitus patients using the T-MIST matching platform. The severity of tinnitus patients was evaluated using the Tinnitus handicap inventory scale. SPSS software was used to analyze the factors affecting the effectiveness of the T-MIST for subjective tinnitus based on patients' basic characteristics.Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with patients with short-term tinnitus, OR (95% CI) was 1.982 (1.033-3.804), P = 0.040, in patients with 3-12 months of disease duration, OR (95% CI) was 2.411 (1.322-4.396), P = 0.004 in patients with > 12 months of disease duration. With the increase in tinnitus handicap inventory score, the efficacy of T-MIST became better [ OR (95% CI) = 1.014 (1.004-1.024), P = 0.007]. The efficacy of T-MIST was better in the hearing compensation-effective patients [ OR (95% CI) = 0.133 (0.081-0.216), P < 0.001]. Conclusion:The course of the disease, tinnitus handicap inventory score, and effective hearing compensation are the influential factors of T-MIST. They can provide evidence for the treatment of subjective tinnitus.

Research Progress on Genetic Susceptibility to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that is difficult to treat, has a poor prognosis, and is prone to recurrence and metastasis in the early postoperative period. The age of patients is tending younger, and the racial difference is large. It is also related to family history, and genetic susceptibility is obvious. So, elucidating the genetic risk factors of TNBC and obtaining precise therapeutic targets are urgent tasks. Obtaining reliable characteristic genes and their polymorphisms between TNBC of different subtypes is difficult. This review summarizes the susceptibility genes and the polymorphisms of TNBC susceptibility genes of different molecular subtypes, in order to develop effective TNBC prevention strategies and find effective therapeutic targets. This review provides a theoretical basis for promoting the study of TNBC from the perspective of genetics.

Effects of assisted reproductive technology on physique and autistic behavior of children： a 3-year longitudinal follow-up study / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundAssisted reproductive technology is increasingly mature and widely used in clinic. As more and more newborns are born with assisted reproductive technology， the health problems of these newborns also need more attention. ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of assisted reproductive technology on newborn physique and autistic behavior， and to raise the attention of autistic behavior of assisted reproductive children. MethodsFrom the medical record information system， 588 assisted reproduction newborns （assisted reproduction group） born in the obstetrics department of Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 2018 to August 2019 were selected as the study objects. From the medical records information system， 600 newborns born naturally in the obstetrics department in the same period of time were selected as the control group. The basic information of all newborns was collected， including the mother's age and years of education， sex， gestational age， birth weight and birth length， and they were assessed by the Clancy Autism Behavior Scale （CABS） at 3 years of follow-up. ResultsThe educational years of mothers in assisted reproduction group were longer than those in control group ［（12.04±1.96） years vs. （11.34±2.90） years， t=-4.887， P<0.01］， gestational age and birth weight of assisted reproduction group were lower than those of control group ［（38.68±2.56） weeks vs. （39.53±2.91） weeks， t=5.315， P<0.01； （3 273.27±720.39） g vs. （3 158.29±701.74） g， t=2.792， P<0.05］. There was no significant difference in birth length between the two groups ［（49.97±5.94） cm vs. （50.07±6.08） cm， t=-0.287， P>0.05］. At the age of three， the weight and height of the assisted reproduction group were both lower than those of the control group ［（16.16±2.53）kg vs.（16.96±1.67）kg， t=6.393， P<0.01， （95.81±4.50）cm vs.（97.47±7.49）cm， t=4.626， P<0.01］. Respectively， 6 （1.00%） and 15 （2.55%） children with autism were detected in the control group and assisted reproduction group， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=4.113， P<0.05）. ConclusionAssisted reproductive technology may affect the physical and neurological development of children. ［Funded by Outstanding Young Talents Support Program of Anhui Education Department （number， gxyqZD2022022）］

Potential molecular mechanism of the Xiexin capsule in the intervention of dyslipidemia based on bioinformatics and molecular docking / Posible mecanismo molecular de la cápsula Xiexin en la intervención de la dislipidemia basada en la bioinformática y el acoplamiento molecular

Objective: bioinformatic methods and molecular docking technology were used to predict the active components, targets, and related biological pathways of the Xiexin capsule in the intervention for dyslipidemia, exploring its mechanism. Methods: the active components and targets of the Xiexin capsule were screened by the TCMSP (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform )database. Genecards (The Human Gene Database), OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man), PharmGkb (Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base database), TTD (Therapeutic Target Database), and Drugbank platforms were used to search the disease targets of dyslipidemia. The Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the 'component-target' network diagram, and the STRING (functional protein association networks) platform was used to analyze protein-protein interaction (PPI). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by R language data packets to predict the mechanism of action. The AutoDockVina and PyMol software were used to dock the key active components in the Xiexin capsule and the core proteins in PPI. Results: a total of 66 effective components were screened, involving 114 targets; 87 key active compounds were screened from the 'drug-component-target' diagram. The PPI network mainly involved core proteins such as PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), PTGS1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1), and HSP90AA1 (heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results of common targets mainly involved hormone-mediated signaling pathway, steroid hormone response, lipid transport and metabolism, regulation of cholesterol storage, cyclooxygenase pathway, and other biological pathways, as well asMM PPAR (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor) signaling pathway, IL-17 (interleukin 17) signaling pathway (AU)

Objetivo: se utilizaron métodos bioinformáticos y técnicas de acoplamiento molecular para predecir los componentes efectivos, los objetivos y las vías biológicas relacionadas de la cápsula Xiexin en la intervención de la dislipidemia y explorar su mecanismo. Métodos: los componentes activos y los objetivos de la cápsula Xiexin fueron seleccionados por la base de datos TCMSP. Se utilizaron las plataformas Genecards, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD (Therapeutic Target Database) y Drugbank para buscar las dianas de la enfermedad en la dislipidemia. El diagrama reticular “componente-diana” fue construido por el software Cytoscape 3.7.0, y la interacción proteína-proteína (PPI) fue analizada por la plataforma STRING. Los análisis de enriquecimiento de Gene Ontology (GO) y Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) se realizaron mediante paquetes de datos en lenguaje R para predecir el mecanismo de acción. El software AutoDockVina y PyMol se utilizó para unir los componentes activos clave de la cápsula Xiexin y las proteínas clave de la PPI. Resultados: se seleccionaron 65 componentes activos y 114 dianas. Veintitrés compuestos activos clave fueron seleccionados a partir de la tabla “componentes farmacéuticos-dianas”. Las redes PPI incluyen principalmente proteínas básicas como PTGS2, PTGS1 y HSP90AA1. Los resultados del análisis de enriquecimiento de GO y KEGG en los objetivos comunes se refieren principalmente a la vía de señalización mediada por esteroides, la respuesta hormonal esteroidea, el transporte y metabolismo lipídicos, la regulación del almacenamiento de colesterol, la vía de la ciclooxigenasa y otras vías biológicas, así como la vía de señalización de PPAR, la vía de señalización de IL-17, la vía de señalización de PI3K-Akt (AU)

Research on the features of public hospital high-quality development based on five core indicators / 中华医院管理杂志

Based on the five core indicators (the case mix index, the proportion of level-4 surgery, the proportion of technical service income in medical income, the proportion of personnel expenditure in business expenditure, and the proportion of fixed part in personnel salary), the authors discussed the guiding significance of " paying attention to the medical level, strengthening the functional orientation, reflecting the technical value, highlighting people-orientation, and ensuring sustainable development" in the high-quality development of public hospitals. In combination with the current situation of a pilot hospital of high-quality development with the corporate supports of National Health Commission and Province Government, the authors explained the common bottlenecks of public hospitals, such as inaccurate functional positioning, weak innovation ability, poor finance structure, poor salary system and insufficient attention to talents. In the last, the authors pointed out that high-quality development was the development of deepening reform, innovation driven, structural optimization, talent oriented, people-oriented and under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and put forward targeted implementation paths to provide reference for the pilot work.

End-to-end bile duct anastomosis and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage for iatrogenic bile duct injuries / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:A novel bile duct end-to-end anastomosis and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) were designed to treat iatrogenic bile duct injuries, and the clinical efficacy and technical advantage of this combined treatment were analyzed.Methods:Clinical data from 11 patients with iatrogenic bile duct injuries treated between February 2012 to July 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 females and 7 males, with age of (47.5±15.3) years old. The types of bile duct injuries were: Bismuth type 1 ( n=7), Bismuth type Ⅱ ( n=1), Bismuth type Ⅲ type ( n=1), combined Bismuth type 1 and type 2 ( n=1), and Bismuth type Ⅳ ( n=1). Repair operations were performed at the time of the initial surgical procedures in 8 patients. The remaining 3 patients had their repair done 2 days, 9 days and 5 months, respectively, after the initial operations. All patients underwent successful bile duct end-to-end anastomosis and PTCD without use of T-tubes. Results:All biliary injuries were successfully repaired with no operative mortalities. Two patients who underwent end-to-end anastomosis of common hepatic duct developed anastomotic bile leakage. The amount of bile leakage was small and bile leakage resolved with conservative treatment in 1 patients 3 days after surgery, and was treated successfully by percutaneous peritoneal drainage for 2 weeks in the other patient. There were no other complications, including stricture formation or cholangitis which developed in other patients. All patients’ liver functions recovered well. The percutaneous biliary drainage tube was removed 6 months after operation in 1 patient. The remaining patients had their drainage tubes removed 3 months after operation. On follow-up, all patients had no history suggestive of cholangitis, jaundice and other symptoms. The liver functions were normal on laboratory examinations. No stricture or dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts were detected on imaging examinations. The cure rate was 100% (11/11).Conclusion:Surgical repair of biliary tract injuries should aim to preserve sphincter of Oddi function and maintain normal physiological pathway of bile excretion. PTCD helped smooth recovery of an end-to-end anastomosis, lowered severity of physical disability of patients and minimized occurrence of medical disputes.

Gastric Plexiform Fibromyxoma with Two Different Growth Patterns on Histological Images: a Case Report

Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) of the stomach is a very rare mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. We report the first case of PF with 2 different growth patterns pathologically confirmed after surgical resection. The tumor was characterized microscopically as infiltrative; it demonstrated diffuse growth into the smooth muscle bundles of the muscularis propria and was also multinodular and plexiform within the myxoid stroma.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells were positive or weakly positive for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and H-caldesmon and negative for desmin, CD117, CD34, CK-20, Pan-CK, Dog1, S100, ER, PR, and CD10. No mutations of C-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha were detected. No genetic disruption of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The final diagnosis of PF was mainly based on the morphological and immunohistochemical findings.

Clinical significance of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein level in middle-aged and elderly patients with Parkinson's disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)level in middle-aged and elderly patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods:In the prospective study, a total of 39 patients with PD hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of Zhejiang Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and 17 healthy subjects from January 2017 to May 2021 were collected.Serum GFAP levels in the PD group and healthy control(CT)group were detected by an ultra-sensitive Simoa hypersensitive protein detection technology.The correlations of serum GFAP level with age, gender, clinical presentation type, depression score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MOCA)score and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)score were analyzed.Results:The level of serum GFAP was significantly higher in PD group(219.6±166.2)ng/L than in CT group(109.9±56.6)ng/L( P< 0.01). In PD group, there was no correlation of serum GFAP with age, gender, clinical classification, depression and MOCA score(age: r=0.042, gender: r=-0.142, depression score: r=0.076, MoCA score: r=0.014, all P>0.05); but there was a significant negative correlation between serum GFAP and MMSE score( r=-0.433, P< 0.05). Conclusions:There is a negative correlation between serum GFAP level and MMSE score, suggesting that the increase of serum GFAP might be suggestive of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease patients to some extent, which should be paid attention to in clinical work.

Impact of low level viremia on the antiviral effect of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients received anti-retroviral therapy / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of low level viremia (LLV) on the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients received anti-retroviral therapy (ART).Methods:From January to December 2015, the HIV/AIDS patients with LLV received ART over one year were recruited in Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (LLV group). Patients with viral load (VL) less than 50 copies/mL were matched at ratio of 1∶1 according to gender, age and the transmission route were included in the control group (suppression group). The LLV group was divided into three subgroups according to VL (LLV-1 subgroup was 50-200 copies/mL, LLV-2 subgroup was 201-400 copies/mL, and LLV-3 subgroup was 401-1 000 copies/mL). The influence of LLV on the antiviral response during the following three years was investigated.The Wilcoxon signed rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results:One hundred and thirty-seven patients were enrolled in the LLV group, of whom 111 were males and 26 were females, with age of (39.5±13.5) years old. At the same time, 137 patients were included in the suppression group. There were 93 cases in LLV-1 subgroup, 25 cases in LLV-2 subgroup and 19 cases in LLV-3 subgroup. There were no significant differences in the CD4 + T lymphocyte counts and CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte counts ratios between LLV group and suppression group before ART (both P>0.05). During the three-year follow-up, the cumulative number of viral failures in LLV group (7.3%(10/137)) was significantly higher than that in the suppression group (1.5%(2/137)) ( χ2=5.578, P=0.018). Virological failure occurred in eight patients (8.6%) in the LLV-1 subgroup, two patients (8.0%) in the LLV-2 subgroup, and no patients in the LLV-3 subgroup. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of virological failure among all the subgroups ( P>0.05). At one, two, three years follow-up, the CD4 + T lymphocyte counts increased in both LLV group and suppression group without statistical differences (all P>0.05), and the CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte counts ratios in each LLV group were lower than that in the suppression group ( Z=-3.183, -2.094 and -2.312, respectively, all P<0.05). At one, two, three years follow-up, There were no significant differences in CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocyte counts ratios among the LLV-1, LLV-2 and LLV-3 subgroups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:HIV/AIDS patients with LLV having received ART over one year are more likely to develop virological failure and delay the recovery of immune function, which requires early relevant interventions.

Thirty years of metabolic engineering for biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates / 生物工程学报

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a family of biodegradable polyesters synthesized by microorganisms. It has various monomer structures and physical properties with broad application prospects. However, its large-scale production is still hindered by the high cost. In the past 30 years, metabolic engineering approach has been used to tune the metabolic flux, engineer and introduce pathways. The efficiency of PHA synthesis by microorganisms has been significantly improved, and the diversity of PHA monomer, structure and substrate have also been enriched. Meanwhile, by changing cell morphology and PHA particle size, more efficient downstream production process has achieved and PHA production costs have been reduced. In recent years, "Next generation industrial biotechnology" (NGIB) based on extremophiles, especially halophilic Halomonas spp., has been rapidly developed. NGIB has achieved the opening and continuous production of PHA, which simplifies the production process and saves energy and fresh water. Combined with metabolic engineering, Halomonas spp. can be transformed into low-cost production platform of numerous PHA. It is expected to improve the market competitiveness and promote the commercialization of PHA.

Key points for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

The population is commonly susceptible to the 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), especially the elderly with comorbidities.Elderly patients infected with 2019-nCoV tend to have higher rates of severe illnesses and mortality.Immunoaging is an important cause of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP)in the elderly.Due to the combination of underlying diseases, elderly patients may exhibit atypical manifestations in clinical symptoms, supplementary examinations and pulmonary imaging, deserving particular attention.The general condition of the elderly should be considered during diagnosis and treatment.In addition to routine care and measures such as oxygen therapy, antiviral therapy and respiratory support, treatment of underlying disease, nutritional support, sputum expectoration, complication prevention and psychological support should also be considered for elderly patients.Based on literature review and expert panel discussion, we drafted the Key Points for the Prevention and Treatment of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in the elderly, aiming to provide help with the prevention and treatment of NCP and the reduction of harm to the elderly population.

Key points for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

The population is commonly susceptible to the 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), especially the elderly with comorbidities.Elderly patients infected with 2019-nCoV tend to have higher rates of severe illnesses and mortality.Immunoaging is an important cause of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP)in the elderly.Due to the combination of underlying diseases, elderly patients may exhibit a typical manifestations in clinical symptoms, supplementary examinations and pulmonary imaging, deserving particular attention.The general condition of the elderly should be considered during diagnosis and treatment.In addition to routine care and measures such as oxygen therapy, antiviral therapy and respiratory support, treatment of underlying disease, nutritional support, sputum expectoration, complication prevention and psychological support should also be considered for elderly patients.Based on literature review and expert panel discussion, we drafted the Key Points for the Prevention and Treatment of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in the elderly, aiming to provide help with the prevention and treatment of NCP and the reduction of harm to the elderly population.

Effect of long-chain non-coding RNA TUG1 on radiosensitivity of human cervical cancer XB1702 cells by adsorption of miR-145 / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of long-chain non-coding RNA TUG1 on the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells and explore its underlying mechanism.@*Methods@#The expression of TUG1 and miR-145 in cervical cancer cells XB1702 and normal endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) was detected by qRT-PCR. The transfected si-NC, transfected si-TUG1, transfected si-NC combined with irradiation, transfected si-TUG1 combined with irradiation, si-TUG1 and anti-miR-NC co-transfected and, si-TUG1 and anti-miR-145 co-transfected groups were established, which were transfected into XB1702 cells by liposome method. The survival fraction of each group was detected by colony formation assay. The cell apoptosis of each group was detected by flow cytometry. The fluorescence activity of each group was assessed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay.@*Results@#Compared with the normal ESCs, the expression of TUG1 was significantly up-regulated, whereas that of miR-145 was significantly down-regulated in the cervical cancer cells XB1702. Silencing TUG1 significantly increased the survival fraction of XB1702 cells, promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the radiosensitivity of irradiation to XB1702 cells. TUG1 could target and regulate the expression of miR-145. Suppressing miR-145 reversed the silencing effect of TUG1 on inhibiting proliferation, accelerating apoptosis promotion and enhancing sensitization of XB1702 cells.@*Conclusions@#Silencing long-chain non-coding RNA TUG1 can enhance the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. The mechanism may be related to targeting miR-145, which will provide a target for radiotherapy of cervical cancer.

Interrupted time series analysis for impacts of day surgery on average days of stay / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of day surgery on average days of stay, and to provide scientific basis for shorter average days of stay. Methods Data of average days of stay from November 2011 to December 2016 were extracted from 6 departments, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series was used to analyze the trend of average days of stay of pre-and post-day surgery. Results Thanks to the application of day surgery, average days of stay decreased by 0. 071 days per month, and the monthly decline increased by 0. 049 days (P<0. 001) than before. Average days of stay in the department of stomatology, ear-nose-throat, general surgery and hepatobiliary & enteric surgery research center were the most obvious, and the monthly decline increased by 0. 110 days (P<0. 001), 0. 049 days (P=0. 008) , 0. 075 days (P<0. 001), and 0. 057 days (P=0. 003), respectively than before. Conclusions Day surgery could decrease average days of stay, enhancing the utilization of hospital resources.

Reconstruction and practice of key nodes in the clinical pathway information system / 中华医院管理杂志

Xiangya Hospital of Central South University has reconstructed its key nodes of the clinical pathway information system in order to promote efficient and extensive implementation of the clinical pathway. Its methods include introduction of new classification of clinical pathways, enriched contents of clinical pathway forms, and design of such concepts as "Standard stage date", "Big category of drugs","Grouping prescriptions" and "Concreted mutation".

Effects of bitter almond on interstitial cells of Cajal in old rats with slow-transit constipation / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To study effects of bitter almond on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in old rats with slow-transit constipation (STC) and analyze mechanism of the gut purge of bitter almond.Methods Forty-five old SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,bitter almond-treated group randomly (n=15,each).Compound phenanthroline was used to build the model of STC model.The bitter almond-treated group was given with bitter almond apozem,the other two groups were given with the same amount of saline.After 10 days,the carbon powder propulsion rates in the intestine were measured and specimens were taken.The ICC changes in terms of the number and distribution were observed by immunohistochemical method.The protein and mRNA expressions of c-kit in ICC were measured by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with blank control group [(68.6 ± 6.0) ％,the carbon powder propulsion rates in the intestine in model control group[(47.7±± 1.7)％]were declined (P＜ 0.01).The areas of c-kit positive cell in colon were declined[(638.0 ± 23.5) μm2 vs.(723.7 ± 30.8)μm2]in model vs.blank control (P＜0.05).The mRNA expression of c-kit gene in ICC was declined [(0.3±0.1) vs.(1.0±0.1)] (P＜0.05),the expression of c-kit protein in ICC were declined[(0.2±0.2) vs.(0.5±0.2)] (P＜0.05).Compared with model control group[(47.7± 1.7)％],the carbon powder propulsion rates in the intestine in bitter almond group were increased[(63.4± 3.3)％ vs.] (P ＜0.01).The mRNA expression of c-kit gene in ICC were increased in bitter almond group (0.9 ±0.2) vs model control group[[(0.3±0.1)] (P＜ 0.01).The expression of c-kit protein in ICC were increased in bitter almond group[(0.5±0.3) vs.in model control 0.2±0.2)] (P＜0.01).Conclusions The bitter almond can promote the expression of c-kit mRNA and protein in colonic tissue of old STC rat interstitial and repair a fraction of ICC of STC rat interstitial,which promote intestinal peristalsis in slow-transit constipation rats.