Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 Inhibits Reparative Angiogenesis and Aggravates Neuroretinal Dysfunction in Ischemic Retinopathy.

PURPOSE: Ischemic retinopathy is the major cause of vision-threatening conditions. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathy. Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) has been reported to be implicated in the regulation of inflammatory disorders. However, the role of FPR1 in the progression of ischemic retinal injury has not been fully explained. METHODS: The activation of FPR1 was measured by real-time PCR and western blotting in the retina of OIR. The effect of FPR1 on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and relevant pro-angiogenic factors was assessed between wild-type and FPR1-deficiency OIR mice. The impact of FPR1 on retinal angiogenesis was evaluated through quantifying retinal vaso-obliteration and neovascularization between FPR1+/+ and FPR1-/- OIR mice. At last, the neuronal effect of FPR1 on the ischemic retina was investigated by ERG between wild-type and FPR1-deficient OIR mice. RESULTS: The expression of FPR1 significantly increased in the retina of OIR. Furthermore, FPR1 deficiency downregulated pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors. Ablation of FPR1 suppressed the retinal pathological neovascularization and promoted reparative revascularization, ultimately improving retinal neural function after ischemic injury. CONCLUSION: In ischemic retinopathy, FPR1 aggravates inflammation and inhibits reparative angiogenesis to exacerbate neuronal dysfunction.

De novo design of a nanoregulator for the dynamic restoration of ovarian tissue in cryopreservation and transplantation.

The cryopreservation and transplantation of ovarian tissue underscore its paramount importance in safeguarding reproductive capacity and ameliorating reproductive disorders. However, challenges persist in ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation (OTC-T), including the risk of tissue damage and dysfunction. Consequently, there has been a compelling exploration into the realm of nanoregulators to refine and enhance these procedures. This review embarks on a meticulous examination of the intricate anatomical structure of the ovary and its microenvironment, thereby establishing a robust groundwork for the development of nanomodulators. It systematically categorizes nanoregulators and delves deeply into their functions and mechanisms, meticulously tailored for optimizing ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation. Furthermore, the review imparts valuable insights into the practical applications and obstacles encountered in clinical settings associated with OTC-T. Moreover, the review advocates for the utilization of microbially derived nanomodulators as a potent therapeutic intervention in ovarian tissue cryopreservation. The progression of these approaches holds the promise of seamlessly integrating nanoregulators into OTC-T practices, thereby heralding a new era of expansive applications and auspicious prospects in this pivotal domain.

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective [5+1] cycloaddition reaction of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with isocyanides.

The first catalytic enantioselective [5+1] cycloaddition reactions of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with isocyanides are reported herein. The method displays a broad substrate scope and atom-economy. A series of chiral tetrahydroisoquinoline containing indole skeletons were obtained in up to 90% yield with 95% ee under mild reaction conditions. A possible catalytic model was also proposed.

Toxicity of common biocides used in aquaculture to embryos and larvae of Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li.

Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li is a threatened fish species endemic to China. With the problems of environmental factors and seeding breeding diseases, it is important to further improve the efficiency of seeding breeding and the basis of resource protection. This study investigated the acute toxicity of copper, zinc and methylene blue (MB) on hatching, survival, morphology, heart rate (HR) and stress behaviour of B. tsinlingensis. Eggs (diameter: 3.86 ± 0.07 mm, weight: 0.032 ± 0.004 g) of B. tsinlingensis were selected randomly from artificial propagation and developed from eye-pigmentation-stage embryos to yolk-sac stage larvae (length: 12.40 ± 0.02 mm, weight: 0.03 ± 0.001 g) and exposed to different concentrations of Cu, Zn and MB for 144 h in a series of semi-static toxicity tests. The acute toxicity tests indicated that the 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50 ) values of the embryos and larvae were 1.71 and 0.22 mg l-1 for copper and 2.57 and 2.72 mg l-1 for zinc, respectively, whereas the MB LC50 after 144-h exposure for embryos and larvae were 67.88 and 17.81 mg l-1 , respectively. The safe concentrations of copper, zinc and MB were 0.17, 0.77 and 6.79 mg l-1 for embryos and 0.03, 0.03 and 1.78 mg l-1 for larvae, respectively. Copper, zinc and MB treatments with concentrations greater than 1.60, 2.00 and 60.00 mg l-1 , respectively, led to a significantly low hatching rate and significantly high embryo mortality (P < 0.05), and copper and MB treatments with concentrations greater than 0.2 and 20 mg l-1 led to significantly high larvae mortality (P < 0.05). Exposure to copper, zinc and MB resulted in developmental defects, including spinal curvature, tail deformity, vascular system anomalies and discolouration. Moreover, copper exposure significantly reduced the HR of larvae (P < 0.05). The embryos exhibited an obvious change in behaviour, converting from the normal behaviour of emerging from the membrane head first to emerging tail first, with probabilities of 34.82%, 14.81% and 49.07% under copper, zinc and MB treatments, respectively. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity of yolk-sac larvae to copper and MB was significantly higher than that of embryos (P < 0.05) and that B. tsinlingensis embryos or larvae might be more resistant to copper, zinc and MB than other members of the Salmonidae family, which benefits their resource protection and restoration.

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the comprehensive breastfeeding knowledge scale (CBKS).

BACKGROUND: The level of breastfeeding knowledge of nursing students may influence their ability to support breastfeeding families. However, to date, it has not been possible to measure this accurately due to the lack of existence of a validated tool in Chinese. OBJECTIVES: To translate the Comprehensive Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale (CBKS) into Chinese, and then evaluate its psychometric properties among Chinese undergraduate nursing students in order to inform and evaluate a nursing breastfeeding education programme. METHODS: The Brislin translation model was followed, and a three-phase process (translation, back-translation and cultural adaptation) was used to sinicize the CBKS and evaluate its content validity. Construct validity was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the reliability of internal consistency of the Chinese version of the CBKS was tested by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the half reliability coefficient. SETTINGS: Two nursing schools in Beijing and Nanjing, China. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred and thirty-nine undergraduate nursing students (257 from Beijing and 182 from Nanjing). RESULTS: Five experts rated the content validity of the Chinese version of the CBKS as excellent. EFA showed that the Chinese version of the CBKS had three subscales and 23 items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Chinese version of the CBKS and the half reliability coefficient were 0.70 and 0.73, respectively. Students who had completed an obstetrics or paediatric nursing course had significantly higher total scores and mean scores for most items compared with those who had not taken a course. Most of the indictors of EFA met the standards of construct validity, and some were very close to the cut-off. CONCLUSION: Overall, the 23-item Chinese version of the CBKS is an acceptable tool to measure the level of breastfeeding knowledge among undergraduate nursing students. This scale can be used to inform the design and evaluation of breastfeeding education materials for nursing students or other health profession students.

Metal-free anomalous [5+1] cycloaddition reactions of donor-acceptor aziridines for the synthesis of 2H-1,4-oxazines.

A new type of metal-free [5+1] cycloaddition reaction of donor-acceptor aziridines with 2-(2-isocyanoethyl)indoles is reported herein. This method exhibits broad substrate scope and atom-economy. A series of 2H-1,4-oxazines containing an indole heterocycle skeleton were obtained in up to 92% yield under mild reaction conditions. Control experiments revealed that free indole N-H is crucial for the above transformations. The theoretical calculation studies provided guidance on the in-depth insight into the reaction mechanism and the hydrogen-bond between the free indole N-H and carbonyl group was identified to lower the free energy barrier in the transition states.

Cell wall thickness has phylogenetically consistent effects on the photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of terrestrial plants.

Leaf photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) diversified significantly among C3 species. To date, the morpho-physiological mechanisms and interrelationships shaping PNUE on an evolutionary time scale remain unclear. In this study, we assembled a comprehensive matrix of leaf morpho-anatomical and physiological traits for 679 C3 species, ranging from bryophytes to angiosperms, to comprehend the complexity of interrelationships underpinning PNUE variations. We discovered that leaf mass per area (LMA), mesophyll cell wall thickness (Tcwm ), Rubisco N allocation fraction (PR ), and mesophyll conductance (gm ) together explained 83% of PNUE variations, with PR and gm accounting for 65% of those variations. However, the PR effects were species-dependent on gm , meaning the contribution of PR on PNUE was substantially significant in high-gm species compared to low-gm species. Standard major axis (SMA) and path analyses revealed a weak correlation between PNUE and LMA (r2 = 0.1), while the SMA correlation for PNUE-Tcwm was robust (r2 = 0.61). PR was inversely related to Tcwm , paralleling the relationship between gm and Tcwm , resulting in the internal CO2 drawdown being only weakly proportional to Tcwm . The coordination of PR and gm in relation to Tcwm constrains PNUE during the course of evolution.

The interaction of MC3R and MC4R with MRAP2a in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors are two important neural G protein-coupled receptors that regulate energy homeostasis in vertebrates. Melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) is also involved in the regulation of food intake and body weight as a variable regulator of melanocortin receptors. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a valuable cold-water fish cultured worldwide. In the rainbow trout model, we cloned and identified mrap2a, a paralog of mrap2. Rainbow trout mrap2a consisted of a 690 bp ORF and was expected to encode a putative protein of 229 amino acids. The qPCR results showed that rainbow trout mrap2a was expressed at high levels in brain tissue similar to mc3r and mc4r. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation verified that MRAP2a interacts with MC3R and MC4R in vitro and that MRAP2a is involved in and regulates the constitutive activity and signaling of MC3R and MC4R. MRAP2a reduced constitutive and agonist-stimulated cAMP levels of MC3R; furthermore, MRAP2a increased constitutive ERK1/2 activation but reduced ligand-induced stimulation at high levels of expression. For MC4R, MRAP2a showed decreased cAMP basal activity but increased agonist-stimulated cAMP signaling and increased ACTH ligand sensitivity. However, MRAP2a failed to affect MC4R constitutive activity and agonist-induced ERK1/2 signaling. Undoubtedly, our study will have great significance for revealing the conserved role of MC4R and MC3R signaling in teleost fish, especially in cold-water fish growth and energy homeostasis.

Alcohol Abuse Associated With Increased Risk of Angiographic Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Requiring Mechanical Ventilation.

Objective: Although alcohol abuse has been indicated to cause cerebral aneurysm development and rupture, there is limited data on the impact of alcohol abuse on outcomes after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This study aims to investigate whether alcohol abuse increases the risk of angiographic vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in critically ill patients with aSAH. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis based on a retrospective study in a French university hospital intensive care unit (ICU). Patients with aSAH requiring mechanical ventilation hospitalized between 2010 and 2015 were included. Patients were segregated according to alcohol abuse (yes or no). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors associated with angiographic vasospasm and DCI. Results: The patient proportion of alcohol abuse was dramatically greater in males than that in females (p < 0.001). The Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPSII) score on admission did not show a statistical difference. Neither did the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) and Fisher scores. Patients with alcohol abuse were more likely to develop angiographic vasospasm (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.17-11.39; p = 0.0260) and DCI (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.13-10.97; p = 0.0294) as evidenced by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: In this study, patients with alcohol abuse are at higher odds of angiographic vasospasm and DCI, which are related to poor prognosis following aSAH. These findings are important for the prevention and clinical management of aSAH.

Super-Pixel Guided Low-Light Images Enhancement with Features Restoration.

Dealing with low-light images is a challenging problem in the image processing field. A mature low-light enhancement technology will not only be conductive to human visual perception but also lay a solid foundation for the subsequent high-level tasks, such as target detection and image classification. In order to balance the visual effect of the image and the contribution of the subsequent task, this paper proposes utilizing shallow Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) as the priori image processing to restore the necessary image feature information, which is followed by super-pixel image segmentation to obtain image regions with similar colors and brightness and, finally, the Attentive Neural Processes (ANPs) network to find its local enhancement function on each super-pixel to further restore features and details. Through extensive experiments on the synthesized low-light image and the real low-light image, the experimental results of our algorithm reach 23.402, 0.920, and 2.2490 for Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity (SSIM), and Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), respectively. As demonstrated by the experiments on image Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature detection and subsequent target detection, the results of our approach achieve excellent results in visual effect and image features.

Decreased Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Activity Leads to Increased Sensitivity to para-Aminosalicylic Acid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most fatal diseases in the world. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the production of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF), which is required for the de novo biosynthesis of methionine in bacteria. Here, we identified Rv2172c as an MTHFR in M. tuberculosis through in vitro and in vivo analyses and determined that the protein is essential for the in vitro growth of the bacterium. Subsequently, we constructed rv2172c R159N and L214A mutants in M. tuberculosis and found that these mutants were more sensitive to the antifolates para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Combining biochemical and genetic methods, we found that rv2172c R159N or L214A mutation impaired methionine production, leading to increased susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to PAS, which was largely restored by adding exogenous methionine. Moreover, overexpression of rv2172c in M. tuberculosis could increase methionine production and lead to PAS resistance. This research is the first to identify an MTHFR in M. tuberculosis and reveals that the activity of this enzyme is associated with susceptibility to antifolates. These findings have particular value for antitubercular drug design for the treatment of drug-resistant TB.

An integrated machine learning framework for a discriminative analysis of schizophrenia using multi-biological data.

Finding effective and objective biomarkers to inform the diagnosis of schizophrenia is of great importance yet remains challenging. Relatively little work has been conducted on multi-biological data for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this cross-sectional study, we extracted multiple features from three types of biological data, including gut microbiota data, blood data, and electroencephalogram data. Then, an integrated framework of machine learning consisting of five classifiers, three feature selection algorithms, and four cross validation methods was used to discriminate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls. Our results show that the support vector machine classifier without feature selection using the input features of multi-biological data achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 91.7% and an AUC of 96.5% (p < 0.05). These results indicate that multi-biological data showed better discriminative capacity for patients with schizophrenia than single biological data. The top 5% discriminative features selected from the optimal model include the gut microbiota features (Lactobacillus, Haemophilus, and Prevotella), the blood features (superoxide dismutase level, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil count), and the electroencephalogram features (nodal local efficiency, nodal efficiency, and nodal shortest path length in the temporal and frontal-parietal brain areas). The proposed integrated framework may be helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and developing biomarkers for schizophrenia using multi-biological data.

The pollination of Habenaria rhodocheila (Orchidaceae) in South China: When butterflies take sides.

Habenaria is one of the largest terrestrial genera in the family Orchidaceae. Most field studies on Habenaria species with greenish-white and nocturnal scented flowers are pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths and settling moths. However, H. rhodocheila presents reddish flowers lacking a detectable scent and fails to fit the moth pollination syndrome. We investigated the pollinators, breeding system, and functional traits of H. rhodocheila in South China and found that two diurnal swallowtail butterflies Papilio helenus and Papilio nephelus (Papilionidae) were the effective pollinators. When butterflies foraged for nectar in the spur, the pollinia became attached between the palpi. A triangular projected median rostellar lobe was found at the entrance (sinus) of the spur of H. rhodocheila. This lobe divided the spur opening into two entrances forcing butterflies to enter their proboscides through the left or right side. When the projection of median rostellar lobe was removed, the site of pollinium attachment changed to the eyes of the butterflies, leading to a higher rate of pollinium removal but lower rate of pollinium deposition. Our quartz glass cylinder choice experiment suggested that visual rather than olfactory cues provided the major stimuli for butterflies to locate these flowers. Hand pollination experiments suggested this species was self-compatible but pollinator-dependent. However, the proportion of seeds with large embryos produced in self-pollinated fruits was significantly lower than in cross-pollinated fruits, indicating a significant inbreeding depression. Unlike many other orchid species, fruit set was higher than rates of pollinium removal, indicating a high level of pollination efficiency in a species with friable pollinia. Shifts from moth to butterfly pollination in the genus Habenaria parallel other orchid lineages providing insights into the potential for pollinator-mediated floral trait selection.

Divergent Alterations of Structural-Functional Connectivity Couplings in First-episode and Chronic Schizophrenia Patients.

Emerging evidence suggests that the coupling relating the structural connectivity (SC) of the brain to its functional connectivity (FC) exhibits remarkable changes during development, normal aging, and diseases. Although altered structural-functional connectivity couplings (SC-FC couplings) have been previously reported in schizophrenia patients, the alterations in SC-FC couplings of different illness stages of schizophrenia (SZ) remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected structural and resting-state functional MRI data from 73 normal controls (NCs), 61 first-episode (FeSZ) and 78 chronic (CSZ) schizophrenia patients. Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores were assessed for all patients. Structural and functional brain networks were constructed using gray matter volume (GMV) and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) time series measurements. At the connectivity level, the CSZ patients showed significantly increased SC-FC coupling strength compared with the FeSZ patients. At the node strength level, significant decreased SC-FC coupling strength was observed in the FeSZ patients compared to that of the NCs, and the coupling strength was positively correlated with negative PANSS scores. These results demonstrated divergent alterations of SC-FC couplings in FeSZ and CSZ patients. Our findings provide new insight into the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the developmental course of SZ.

Experimental study of shear and hydraulic bonding strength between casing and cement under complex temperature and pressure conditions.

The cement sheath plays a vital role in preventing gas channelling. It is important to understand the interfacial bonding between the casing and cement sheath when the downhole temperature and pressure change. This paper demonstrates the results of an experimental study to investigate the effect of high temperature and high pressure and their variations on the cement sheath interfacial bonding strength (CSIBS). An experimental device was developed that is used to test the shear and hydraulic bonding strength with the method of uniaxial compression and gas channelling. The results show that both temperature and pressure have a significant influence on the CSIBS. As the curing temperature increases with a constant curing time or as the curing time increases with a constant curing temperature, the CSIBS first increases and then converges to a stable value. The casing roughness has a crucial effect on the shear bonding strength but little effect on the hydraulic bonding strength. Though the CSIBS decreases obviously with the decrease in temperature, it undergoes little change when the temperature first increases and then recovers to the initial value. When the internal casing pressure decreases to a certain value or first increases to a certain value followed by recovery to the initial state, the hydraulic bonding strength tends to be 0 MPa, which means that the interface undergoes debonding between the casing and cement.

Calanthe sieboldopsis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Collabieae), a new species from Luoxiao Mountains, eastern China.

Calanthe sieboldopsis, a new species, is here described and illustrated from Luoxiao Mountains, Jiangxi Province, eastern China. It is morphologically similar to C. sieboldii Decne. ex Regel, but differs from the latter in having smaller flowers, longer spurs, rectangular mid-lobes with emarginate apex (vs. elliptic mid-lobes with mucronate apex), disc with 3 ridges and the proximal ends of the lateral 2 ridges enlarged with light reddish spots and minute white hairs (vs. disc with 5 ridges and 2 rows of white short hairs at base) and pollinia equal in size (vs. unequal in size). A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, is given for the new species.

Efficient Polysulfide Redox Enabled by Lattice-Distorted Ni3Fe Intermetallic Electrocatalyst-Modified Separator for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Exploring efficient electrocatalysts for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is of great significance for the sulfur/polysulfide/sulfide multiphase conversion. Herein, we report nickel-iron intermetallic (Ni3Fe) as a novel electrocatalyst to trigger the highly efficient polysulfide-involving surface reactions. The incorporation of iron into the cubic nickel phase can induce strong electronic interaction and lattice distortion, thereby activating the inferior Ni phase to catalytically active Ni3Fe phase. Kinetics investigations reveal that the Ni3Fe phase promotes the redox kinetics of the multiphase conversion of Li-S electrochemistry. As a result, the Li-S cells assembled with a 70 wt % sulfur cathode and a Ni3Fe-modified separator deliver initial capacities of 1310.3 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C and 598 mA h g-1 at 4 C with excellent rate capability and a long cycle life of 1000 cycles at 1 C with a low capacity fading rate of ∼0.034 per cycle. More impressively, the Ni3Fe-catalyzed cells exhibit outstanding performance even at harsh working conditions, such as high sulfur loading (7.7 mg cm-2) or lean electrolyte/sulfur ratio (∼6 µL mg-1). This work provides a new concept on exploring advanced intermetallic catalysts for high-rate and long-life Li-S batteries.

Facile Synthesis of a "Two-in-One" Sulfur Host Featuring Metallic-Cobalt-Embedded N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The exploration of efficient host materials of sulfur is significant for the practical lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, and the hosts are expected to be highly conductive for high sulfur utilization and exhibit strong interaction toward polysulfides to suppress the shuttle effect for long-lasting cycle stability. Herein, we propose a simple synthesis of metallic cobalt-embedded N-doping carbon nanotubes (Co@NCNT) as a "two-in-one" host of sulfur for efficient Li-S batteries. In the binary host, the N-doped CNTs, cooperating with metallic Co nanoparticles, can serve as 3D conductive networks for fast electron transportation, while the synergetic effect of metallic Co and doping N heteroatoms helps to chemically confine polysulfides, acting as active sites to accelerate electrochemical kinetics. With these advantages, the S/Co@NCNT composite delivers an excellent cycling stability with a capacity decay of 0.08% per cycle averaged within 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1 and a high rate performance of 530 mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1. Further, the superior electrochemical performance of the S/Co@NCNT electrode can be maintained under a high sulfur loading up to 4 mg cm-2. Our work demonstrates a feasible strategy to design promising host materials simultaneously featuring high conductivity and strong confinement toward polysulfides for high-performance Li-S batteries.

[Impacts of climate change on the distribution of Cymbidium kanran and the simulation of distribution pattern]. / æ°”å€™å˜åŒ–å¯¹å¯’å °åˆ†å¸ƒçš„å½±å“åŠå ¶åˆ†å¸ƒæ ¼å±€æ¨¡æ‹Ÿ.

In this study, data of 19 climatic factors were downloaded from the World Climate website. A total of 233 Cymbidium kanran distribution data were obtained through online review and field visits. Using MaxEnt model and combined with ArcGIS spatial analysis technology, the potential distribution area and distribution pattern of C. kanran in different periods were simulated, as well as its distribution during the last glacial period and 2070. The results showed that the curve indexes (AUC) value of the model training set was 0.957, and the AUC value of the verification set was 0.953, indicating that the prediction accuracy of the model was very high. The current distribution of C. kanran was mostly affected by the driest quarter precipitation, mean annual precipitation, wettest quarter precipitation, and mean annual temperature range. The contribution rates were 50.3%, 15.9%, 8.4% and 4.4%, respectively, with the total contribution rate being 79.0%. In the last glacial period, C. kanran mainly distributed in Wuyi Mountain, Luojing Mountain, Nanling, Taiwan's five major mountains and some hills in the northern part of Guangxi. From now to 2070, the distribution of C. kanran area will decrease by 22.4%. The southwestern part of Guangxi, the central part of Yunnan, and the junctions of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces will expand, while that in eastern Jiangxi, western Fujian, and the border between these two provinces will shrink.