[Pulse oximetric saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen and partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen in diagnosing acute respiratory distress syndrome: which is better?]

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is distinguished by hypoxemia, contributing to heightened morbidity, elevated mortality rates, and substantial healthcare expenses, thereby imposing a significant burden on patients and society. Presently, effective treatments for ARDS are lacking, emphasizing the pivotal role of early diagnosis and timely intervention in its successful management. The partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2, P/F) has traditionally served as a crucial metric for assessing patient hypoxemia and disease severity. While relatively accurate, its reliance on advanced technical expertise and specific medical equipment conditions constrains its implementation in areas with underdeveloped medical standards, resulting in missed diagnoses and treatments for ARDS patients. Conversely, the Pulse oximetric saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2, S/F) has garnered increasing attention owing to its straightforward, non-invasive, and sustainable monitoring attributes. This article seeks to meticulously compare the correlation, accuracy, and clinical feasibility of S/F with P/F in ARDS diagnosis, so as to propose diagnostic indicators for more quickly and accurately assessing the oxygenation status of ARDS patients.

[Characteristics of non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission of HIV infection in Miao-Dong Autonomous prefecture of Qiandongnan].

Objective: The goal of this research was to understand the demographic distribution and related factors of non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission (non-commercial transmission) for HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Methods: Data related to HIV/AIDS infected by non-marital heterosexual transmission and whose present address was in Qian Dongnan, were collected from Information System on the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control. Information included demographic characteristics, the members of non-marital sex partners, transmission path, detection source, CD4(+)T lymphocyte level, et al. cases belong to homosexual history, injective drug use or non-classified non-marital heterosexuality transmission were excluded, totally collect HIV/AIDS 919 cases. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze potential factors associated with non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission. In addition, in March and June 2017, using a convenience sampling, we conducted one-to-one interviews among 10 HIV/AIDS who were infected by non-marital heterosexuality and had non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual experience in Kaili Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The content of the interview included basic information, sexual orientation, the main place of making friends and sexual behavior, attitude to commercial heterosexuality and non-martial and non-commercial heterosexuality and so on. Results: Out of the 919 cases, 645 (70.2%) were male, the proportion of non-commercial transmission was 55.06% (506). The proportion of female HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission was 84.7% (232), which was higher than male (42.5%(274)) (χ(2)=138.35, P<0.001). The proportion of Han HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission was 61.5% (275), which was higher than other religion (52.2%(412)) (χ(2)=6.32, P=0.012). The proportion of HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission who had 0-5 non-marital sexual partners was 58.8% (498), which was higher than who had>5 non-marital sexual partners (11.1%(8)) (χ(2)=61.10, P<0.001). The proportion of HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission who lived mobile was 72.9% (94), which was higher than who lived fixedly (52.2%(412)) (χ(2)=19.34, P<0.001). Qualitative interviews results revealed that the age of the respondents were 22-69. Respondents whose ages are in 22-34 were more likely to use mobile phone (4/10) and respondents whose ages are in 35-69 were less likely to look partners through party and the context of working. Conclusion: The proportion of cases being infected by non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission in Qian dongnan was higher than general national levels. The characteristics of sex, marriage status, migration, vocation, the members of non-marital sex partners were significant differed between commercial heterosexual transmission and non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission.

The role of angiogenesis inhibitors re-challenge in colorectal cancer previously treated with bevacizumab: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: The potential usefulness of angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs) re-challenge in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who previously treated with bevacizumab has not been established yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified relevant clinical studies through searching databases up to October 2016. Prospective clinical trials investigating AIs re-challenge in metastatic CRC were included for analysis. The primary endpoint was overall survival with secondary endpoint progression-free survival. Estimates of treatment effect from individual trials were combined using standard techniques. RESULTS: A total of 2.686 patients with metastatic CRC who previously received bevacizumab were identified for analysis. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that AI re-challenge significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.76, p < 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.89, p < 0.001) when compared to non-AI containing regimens. No publication bias was detected by Begg's and Egger's tests for PFS (p = 0.09 and p = 0.32) and OS (p = 0.85 and p = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS: Our pooled analysis shows that AIs re-challenge offers an improved PFS and OS in the treatment of metastatic CRC patients who relapsed after a first-line bevacizumab-containing therapy. Further prospective clinical trials are still needed to confirm our findings.

NOVEL GENETIC FINDINGS IN A CHINESE FAMILY WITH EARLY-ONSET FEMALE-RELATED TYPE 2 DIABETES.

No inheritance of early-onset female-related type 2 diabetes was reported within Chinese families. In this study, we aim to describe the inheritance pattern of type 2 diabetes in a 3-generation family and identify the gene responsible for type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide multipoint parametric linkage analysis revealed a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds (lod) score of 2.1 for a locus being associated with type 2 diabetes in this family on chromosome 20p11.2-12 between 23.5~30.8cM. Type 2 diabetes may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with a high female-related penetrance in this family. Here we describe the first genetic locus for type 2 diabetes at chromosome 20p11.2-12. This region contains 8 known or predicted genes (PLCB1, PLCB4, LAMP5, PAK7, ANKEF1, SNAP25, SLX4IP, and JAG1). Gene SNAP25 which linked to energy or glucose homeostasis associated phenotypes may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes in this family.

[Comparison of two kinds of methods evaluating the degree of facial asymmetry by three-dimensional data].

OBJECTIVE: To compare two digital methods of quantitatively accessing the degree of facial asymmetry by three-dimensional data. METHODS: The three-dimensional data of 20 subjects were got by the FaceScan, and then were input to the reverse engineering software Imageware 13.0 and Geomagic 12. Their mirror data were acquired and superimposed with the original data by the methods of interactive closest points (ICP) and Procrustes analysis (PA). The mid-sagittal planes of the two methods were extracted respectively, the degree of facial asymmetry and the distance of 21 automatic landmarks to mid-sagittal plane were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The paired t test was taken and t=1.346, P=0.193. CONCLUSION: We can safely come to the conclusions that for the subjects with no evident facial asymmetry, there are no significant difference between the PA and the ICP methods for extracting the mid-sagittal plane from three-dimensional data.

Influence of airway inflammatory changes on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics.

The effect of changes of airway inflammation on airway nonspecific reactivity were studied in 29 patients with chronic asthma. Detailed examinations of bronchial lavage (BAL) fluid and airway responses to histamine, propranolol and exercise were performed before and after treatment. The patients treated with steroids had significant improvements in parameters of BAL fluid cells and mediators with consistent changes of decreasing airway reactivities to propranolol and exercise after treatment. Whereas no significant changes occurred in the patients treated with B2-agonist either in inflammatory parameters or airway responses. On the other hand, airway response to histamine changed little in all asthmatic patients. Our study implied that inhibiting the airway inflammation in asthmatics may lead to marked decrease of airway response to non-mediator stimuli but fail to attenuate bronchial hyperresponse to mediator stimuli like histamine.