Sirt3 Pharmacologically Promotes Insulin Sensitivity through PI3/AKT/mTOR and Their Downstream Pathway in Adipocytes.

Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is a major mitochondrial deacetylase enzyme that regulates multiple metabolic pathways, and its expression is decreased in diabetes type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to elucidate Sirt3's molecular mechanism in regulating insulin sensitivity in adipocytes that can contribute to the effort of targeting Sirt3 for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We found that the Sirt3 activator honokiol (HNK) induced adipogenesis compared to the control, in contrast to Sirt3 inhibitor, 3-TYP. Accordingly, HNK increased expression of adipocyte gene markers, gene-involved lipolysis and glucose transport (GLUT4), while 3-TYP reduced expression of those genes. Interestingly, 3-TYP caused an increase in gene expression of adipocyte-specific cytokines including IL6, resistin, and TNF-α. However, changes in adipocyte-specific cytokines in HNK treated cells were not significant. In addition, HNK stimulated insulin pathway by promoting insulin receptor beta (IRß) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, resulting in an increase in phosphorylation of the forkhead family FoxO1/FoxO3a/FoxO4 and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3ß), opposing 3-TYP. In line with these findings, HNK increased free fatty acid and glucose uptake, contrary to 3-TYP. In conclusion, Sirt3 activator-HNK induced adipogenesis and lipolysis reduced adipocytes specific cytokines. Intriguingly, HNK activated insulin signaling pathway and increased free fatty acid as well as glucose uptake and transport, in sharp contrast to 3-TYP. These results indicate that, via insulin signaling regulation, Sirt3 activation by HNK improves insulin resistance, while Sirt3 inhibition by 3-TYP might precipitate insulin resistance.

Diffusion and catalyst efficiency in hierarchical zeolite catalysts.

The preparation of hierarchical zeolites with reduced diffusion limitation and enhanced catalyst efficiency has become a vital focus in the field of zeolites and porous materials chemistry within the past decades. This review will focus on the diffusion and catalyst efficiency of hierarchical zeolites and industrial catalysts. The benefits of diffusion and catalyst efficiency at two levels of hierarchies (zeolitic component level and industrial catalyst level) from a chemical reaction engineering point of view will be analysed. At zeolitic component level, three types of mesopores based on the strategies applied toward enhancing the catalyst effectiveness factor are presented: (i) 'functional mesopores' (raising effective diffusivity); (ii) 'auxiliary mesopores' (decreasing diffusion length); and (iii) 'integrated mesopores' (a combination thereof). At industrial catalyst level, location and interconnectivity among the constitutive components are revealed. The hierarchical pore interconnectivity in multi-component zeolite based industrial catalysts is exemplified by fluid catalytic cracking and bi-functional hydroisomerization catalysts. The rational design of industrial zeolite catalysts at both hierarchical zeolitic component and catalyst body levels can be fully comprehended using the advanced in situ and/or operando spectroscopic, microscopic and diffraction techniques.

Demand analysis of Internet hospital service based on KANO Model / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveAs a new mode and format of health care service, Internet hospital has created a convenient and efficient medical treatment channel for patients and promoted more access to high-quality medical resources. In order to better identify patients′ service demands of Internet hospitals and thus meet people′s diversified health needs, refined classification management of service demands of Internet hospitals is implemented by KANO model, so as to promote the improvement of service quality of Internet hospitals and enhance patient satisfaction as well.MethodsBased on the analysis ideas of KANO model, 300 patients were randomly selected from the social pharmacy of an Internet hospital for questionnaire survey and service demand survey.ResultsIn the KANO requirement attribute classification of Internet hospital service items, there were 6 items belonging to charm attribute, 10 items belonging to expectation attribute and 5 items belonging to necessity attribute. Service items corresponding to expected attributes and necessary attributes account for more than 70% of Internet hospital services.ConclusionThe application of KANO model to the service demand survey of Internet hospitals can effectively improve the service management level of Internet hospitals, and the continuous improvement of service quality of Internet hospitals requires regular monitoring of service demand changes.

Ethical issues in the development of medical artificial intelligence and solutions / 医学研究生学报

The introduction of artificial intelligence into the medical field is also facing social ethical challenges while promoting changes in the field of health services. To realize the healthy development of medical artificial intelligence, we must consider the ethical issues inherent in the application of artificial intelligence technology in medical services. The article analyzes the ethical issues brought about by medical artificial intelligence from the aspects of security, doctor’s principal status, doctor-patient relationship, and fair benefit. By implementing special supervision, clarifying the principal status of doctors, and strengthening ethical protocols, the application of artificial intelligence in medical services will be guided to promote artificial intelligence to better improve the service capabilities and quality of healthcare system.

[Study on seed quality test and quality standard of Pesudostellaria heterophylla].

Referring to the rules for agricultural seed testing (GB /T 3543-1995) issued by China, the test of sampling, seed purity, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture, seed viability and germination rate had been studied for screening seed quality test methods of Pesudostellaria heterophylla. The seed quality from different collection areas was measured. The results showed that at least 6.5 g seeds should be sampled and passed through 10-mesh sieve for purity analysis. The weight of 1 000 seeds was determined by using the 500-seed method. The phenotypic observation and size measurement were used for authenticity testing. The seed moisture was determined under the higher temperature (130 ± 2) degrees C for 5 hours. The seeds were dipped into 0.2% TTC sustaining 1 hour at 40 degrees C, then the viability could be determined. The break dormancy seeds were cultured on sand at 10 degrees C. K cluster analysis was applied for the data analysis, the seed quality from different collection areas grading of P. Heterophylla was described as three grades. The seed quality of each grade should reach following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 86%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.59 g, purity ≥ 87%, moisture ≤ 13.1%; for second grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 70%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.40 g, purity ≥ 77%, moisture ≤ 14.3%; for third grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 41%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.29 g, purity ≥ 76%, moisture ≤ 15.8%. The seed testing methods for quality items of P. heterophylla had been initially established, as well as the primary P. heterophylla seed quality classification standard.

[Classification study on commodity specification and grade standard of Pseudostellariae Radix].

OBJECTIVE: To study the commodity specification and grade standard of Pseudostellaria Radix, for standardizing market order and achieving industrialization, standardization and modernization of Pseudostellariae Radix. METHOD: The different areas and grade medicinal materials of Pseudostellariae Radix were respectively measured in quantitative characteristics of appearance, and the present grade classification of Pseudostellaria Radix was scientifically verified by the content of polysaccharide. Then the determination data were evaluated by spss correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. So combining with the actual production, the commodity grade standard of Pseudostellariae Radix was formulated. RESULT: Correlation analysis indicated that the present grade classification of Pseudostellaria Radix was reasonable, and the more the grade of Pseudostellariae Radix was high, the more the content of polysaccharide was high. Meanwhile, length as a classification index was not suitable for the commodity grade standard of Pseudostellariae Radix. Using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, combining actual production, the thickest diameter, weight of single root tuber and the number of 50 g root tuber were filtrated and the grade was divided into 5 ranks: big, mid- dle, small selected goods, big ungraded goods and small ungraded goods. CONCLUSION: the commodity specification and grade standard of Pseudostellariae Radix that mainly included the thickest diameter, weight of single root tuber and the number of 50 g root tuber was formulated, the standard was divided into 5 grade. Each grade was not only consistent with the present situation of medicinal materials market, it could also reflected the intrinsic quality of Pseudostellariae Radix. In conclusion, the standard could be used as a classifica- tion basis to the commodity specification and grade.

[Morphological character of growth cycle for Epimedium acuminatim and icariin content analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between morphological characteristics of growth cycle for Epimedium acuminatium and accumulation level of secondary metabolites. METHOD: After making habitat clear, methods of morphology observation, specimen preparation, organism charting were applied to record morphological characteristics of E. acuminatium at different stages. HPLC was employed to detect icariin content of different parts of the plant at the stage of vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. RESULT: The growth cycle of E. acuminatium was divided into vegetative growth stage and sexual and asexual reproduction coexistence stage. Seven to eight years were needed for the plants flowering and seeding of E. acuminatimcan in open land of forest edge, but within good nutrition conditions, growth cycle is shortened into three to four years. The difference of icariin content in two growth stages was not significant. CONCLUSION: Morphological change of lower and foliar organ can be utilized to estimate growth age. But after applying sexual propagation for both root and stem of grown plants, it's been difficult to determine their growth year. If individual biomass or yield is economical, plants can be harvested in both vegetative growth and sexual reproduction stages.

A facile strategy to recycle template P123 from mesoporous aluminosilicates by ultrasonic extraction.

High synthesis cost of mesoporous aluminosilicates (MA) limits their practical application. Recycling of copolymer template employed in preparation of MA is an effective way to reduce the synthesis cost. An ultrasonic extraction strategy for recycling of organic template P123 in MAs is reported. Effects of different extraction parameters on P123 recovery are investigated and the optimum conditions are obtained. 75.0% P123 is recovered from MAs within 10 min by one-step ultrasonication. Characterizations indicated that the resulting P123-free MA (MA-U) exhibits excellent properties compared with that of calcined products. Moreover, recovered P123 can be employed to synthesize high hydrothermally stable MA. This investigation provides a facile strategy to recycle P123 from MA.

[Breeding on eight strains of Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on phenotypic traits and quality in Guizhou province].

OBJECTIVE: To provide new germplasm materials for breeding new varieties of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. METHOD: The method of single plant selection was adopted, with the comparative experiments being carried out under the same conditions in Shibing county. The 8 plants of Shibing SB-4 were compared respectively with factor analysis for 27 phenotypic traits and 8 yield traits, and single factor variance analysis for the contents of polysaccharides. RESULT: Using factor analysis, 27 phenotypic traits were classified into 7 principal divisors and 8 yield traits were simplified into 3 principal divisors. The 4 strains of P. heterophylla, ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-06 and ZT-07, performed better than others in the phenotypic traits, and ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-03 and ZT-07 in the yield traits. The contents of polysaccharides of ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-05 and ZT-08 showed significantly higher value. CONCLUSION: There is significant difference among the 8 strains of P. heterophylla in phenotypic traits, yield traits and quality traits, making it possible to select certain strains for different purposes. ZT-01 and ZT-02 can be breaded further. ZT-06 and ZT-07 were used as ornamental cultivars for its great phenotypic traits. ZT-03 with good resistance and high yield was taken as resistant variety, and ZT-05 would face next selection on the basis of its high content of polysaccharide.

[Analysis of genetic diversity of cultivated Eucommia ulmoides from Guizhou Province by phenotypic traits and SCoT markers].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the phenotypic characteristics and the genetic diversity of cultivated Eucommia ulmoides from Guizhou Province. METHODS: The genetic diversity of cultivated Eucommia ulmoides in Guizhou Province was analyzed by phenotypic traits and start condon targeted polymorphism(SCoT)markers. RESULTS: The phenotypic diversity index of the number of buds on neonatal branch was the highest, which was 2.0638, and the number of blades on neonatal branch was the lowest,which was 1.7084. By data obtained, 40 cultivated samples of Eucommia ulmoides in Guizhou Province could be divided into 4 groups. A total of 76 bands were produced by 10 primers, among which 50 bands were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 65.79%. The average value of Nei's genetic diversity index (H) was 0.1937, Shannon's information index (I) was 0.2832, Genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.1733, and the gene flow (Nm) among populations was 2.3848. Cluster analysis based on genetic identity indicated that 4 populations could be divided into 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Genetic diversity of cultivated populations of Eucommia ulmoides in Guizhou Province had little differences. The genetic differentiation within populations was bigger than that among the populations. The high level of gene flow among populations was beneficial to extension of Eucommia ulmoides. The phenotypic cluster was similar to the SCoT cluster, the two classification results were significantly correlated with geographic position,which can providing a good foundation for the identification of Eucommia ulmoides germplasms.

[Comparative analysis of main agronomic traits and interrelationships in cultivation provenances of Pesudostellaria heterophylla from Guizhou province].

OBJECTIVE: To provide guidance for selection and breeding of Pesudostellaria heterophylla, agronomic traits of 3 mainly cultivated form of P. heterophylla were observed and compared in Guizhou shibing. METHOD: Thirteen agronomic traits of P. heterophylla from 3 cultivation form were measured and the traits were analyzed using multiple comparison, correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis. RESULT: The results showed that agronomic traits were different in 3 cultivation form, significant(P <0.05)or very significant correlated (P <0.01)among multiple agronomic traits, the width and the number of root, the first branch number, cleistogamous flowers, length and width of leaves, and the aboveground biomass were the main factors that affected the underground biomass, and the number of root, the aboveground biomass had a directly positive effect on the underground biomass. Meanwhile, whole length, length and width of leaves, cleistogamous flowers etc. had direct or indirect effect on the underground biomass. CONCLUSION: Aboveground biomass would be as the best indirect selection traits on breeding high yield of P. heterophylla, the first branch number, width of leaves and cleistogamous flowers world be as a better auxiliary index on breeding high variety of P. heterophylla.