Naked-eye rapid recognition of tyrosine enantiomers using silver triangular nanoplates as colorimetric probe.

Recognizing and quantifying enantiomers of chiral molecule is of great importance in chemical, biological and pharmaceutical fields. Herein, we presented one simple-yet-efficient method of sensing tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers. In this sensing, silver triangular nanoplates (AgTNPs) were used as colorimetric probes. L-Tyr quickly induced the color of AgTNPs solution to change from dark blue to light gray, whereas D-Tyr induced no change of the AgTNPs solution color. The obvious color change enables the naked eye to recognize Tyr enantiomer. The visual method was used to detect the enantiometric excess value of L-Tyr in the whole range (-100 % ∼ 100 %). This chiral sensing can be finished within 5 min using one simple ultraviolet-visible spectrometer or naked eye. Furthermore, the mechanism of this chiral sensing was explored. It was confirmed that this chiral sensing was based on AgTNPs' intrinsic chirality. This chiral sensing is rapid, simple, and low-cost, and has great potential for chiral determination of Tyr.

Biodegradable electrospun fibers as sustained-release carriers of insect pheromones for field trapping of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

BACKGROUND: Insect pheromones are highly effective and environmentally friendly, and are widely used in the monitoring and trapping of pests. However, many researchers have found that various factors such as ultraviolet light and temperature in the field environment can accelerate the volatilization of pheromones, thus affecting the actual control effect. In recent years, electrospinning technology has demonstrated remarkable potential in the preparation of sustained carriers. Moreover, the utilization of biodegradable materials in electrospinning presents a promising avenue for the advancement of eco-friendly carriers. RESULTS: In this study, homogeneous and defect-free pheromone carriers were obtained by electrospinning using fully biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate materials and pheromones of Spodoptera litura. The electrospun fibers with porous structure could continuously release pheromone (the longest can be ≤80 days). They also had low light transmission, hydrophobic protection. More importantly, the pheromone-loaded electrospun fiber carriers showed stable release and good trapping effect in the field. They could trap pests for at least 7 weeks in the field environment without other light stabilizers added. CONCLUSION: Sustained-release carriers constructed by electrospinning and green materials could improve the efficacy of pheromones and ensure environmental friendliness, and provided a tool for the management of S. litura and other pests and sustainable development of agricultural. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Uncovering Origin of Chirality of Gold Nanoparticles Prepared through the Conventional Citrate Reduction Method.

Chiral nanoparticles are one of the research hotspots in the field of materials science, chemistry, and biology. Understanding and controlling the chirality of nanoparticles is one key step toward their use, but the origin of nanoparticles' chirality and its determinative factor are not well understood. In this work, we studied the chirality of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared through the conventional citrate reduction method. Unexpectedly, it was found that small AuNPs (∼13 nm) exhibited opposite chirality to the large AuNPs (>30 nm). The origin of the AuNPs chirality was revealed by comparing the crystal structure between small AuNPs and large AuNPs. It was proposed that the lattice orientation of fivefold-twinned AuNPs may be responsible for the intrinsic chirality of AuNPs. This work provides a deep mechanistic understanding of the intrinsic chirality of the AuNPs and will boost the development of the structure-controlled synthesis and application of chiral AuNPs and other chiral nanomaterials. Furthermore, based on the unexpected size effect, chiral AuNP probes were rationally constructed to improve the precision of chiral recognition.

The Multiple Facets and Disorders of B Cell Functions in Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a global public health burden. B cells play a pivotal role in mediating HBV clearance and can participate in the development of anti-HBV adaptive immune responses through multiple mechanisms, such as antibody production, antigen presentation, and immune regulation. However, B cell phenotypic and functional disorders are frequently observed during chronic HBV infection, suggesting the necessity of targeting the disordered anti-HBV B cell responses to design and test new immune therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the multiple roles of B cells in mediating HBV clearance and pathogenesis as well as the latest developments in understanding the immune dysfunction of B cells in chronic HBV infection. Additionally, we discuss novel immune therapeutic strategies that aim to enhance anti-HBV B cell responses for curing chronic HBV infection.

Atomic Dispersion of Zn2+ on N-Doped Carbon Materials: From Non-Activity to High Activity for Catalyzing Luminol-H2O2 Chemiluminescence.

Fe and Co single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been widely explored in many fields, while Zn SACs are still in their infancy stage. Herein, we unexpectedly found that atomically dispersed Zn2+ on N-doped carbon material (Zn-N-C) exhibited high catalytic activity on luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. The Zn-N-C SACs were readily prepared through simple pyrolyzation of the cheap precursors (dopamine and ZnCl2). The mechanism of Zn SAC-catalyzed CL reaction of luminol-H2O2 was investigated in detail. The activity of Zn SACs originated from the Zn-N sites in the Zn-N-C structure. The monoatomic dispersion makes Zn2+ catalytic performance change from no activity to high activity in luminol-H2O2 CL reaction. This study demonstrated the particularity of the monatomic metal catalyst over the conventional metal ion. This work provides the unprecedented perspective for design of new metal SACs in CL reaction.

General anesthesia in children and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits: A systematic review.

Background: Millions of children experienced surgery procedures requiring general anesthesia (GA). Any potential neurodevelopmental risks of pediatric anesthesia can be a serious public health issue. Various animal studies have provided evidence that commonly used GA induced a variety of morphofunctional alterations in the developing brain of juvenile animals. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to provide a brief overview of preclinical studies and summarize the existing clinical studies. Comprehensive literature searches of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, OVID Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were conducted using the relevant search terms "general anesthesia," "neurocognitive outcome," and "children." We included studies investigating children who were exposed to single or multiple GA before 18, with long-term neurodevelopment outcomes evaluated after the exposure(s). Results: Seventy-two clinical studies originating from 18 different countries published from 2000 to 2022 are included in this review, most of which are retrospective studies (n = 58). Two-thirds of studies (n = 48) provide evidence of negative neurocognitive effects after GA exposure in children. Neurodevelopmental outcomes are categorized into six domains: academics/achievement, cognition, development/behavior, diagnosis, brain studies, and others. Most studies focusing on children <7 years detected adverse neurocognitive effects following GA exposure, but not all studies consistently supported the prevailing view that younger children were at greater risk than senior ones. More times and longer duration of exposures to GA, and major surgeries may indicate a higher risk of negative outcomes. Conclusion: Based on current studies, it is necessary to endeavor to limit the duration and numbers of anesthesia and the dose of anesthetic agents. For future studies, we require cohort studies with rich sources of data and appropriate outcome measures, and carefully designed and adequately powered clinical trials testing plausible interventions in relevant patient populations.

Simply prepared electrocatalyst of CoFe alloy and nitrogen-doped carbon with multi-dimensional structure and high performance for rechargeable zinc-air battery.

Simple and green preparation of highly-performed electrocatalysts for reaction both at cathode (oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)) and anode (oxygen evolution reaction (OER)) is crucial for boosting the application of meta-air battery. CoFe alloy and nitrogen doped carbon (CoFe-NC) material was prepared by a one-step carbonization procedure to construct a highly efficient electrocatalysis in this work. CoFe-NC displays a three-dimensional (3D) flower-like morphology composed of ordered stacked 2D nanosheets, which is entangled by 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Its structure and electrocatalytic performance are compared with that of nitrogen doped carbon materials obtained from 2D zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) with no metal or single metal, as well as 3D ZIF with bimetal. Benefiting from the multi-dimensional structure of bimetal nanoparticles, 1D CNTs, 2D nanosheets, and 3D flowers, as well as the abundant active sites of Co/Fe-Nxand pyridine nitrogen, CoFe-NC displays a high half-wave potential of 0.896 V for ORR and low overpotential of 370 mV at 10 mA cm-2for OER. Furthermore, compared with the primary and rechargeable Zn-air batteries fabricated with commercial Pt/C-RuO2catalysts, the CoFe-NC catalysts assembled Zn-air batteries show a higher specific capacity (812.2 mAh g-1), open circuit potential (1.59 V), power density (183.4 mW cm-2), and stability. Hence, a facile and environmental-friendly strategy is provided for rational design and synthesis of bifunctional electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries.

Persistent Helicobacter pylori infection for more than 3 years leads to elevated serum homocysteine concentration: A retrospective cohort study based on a healthy Chinese population.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The relationship between the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and homocysteine is unclear. We evaluated the effect of H. pylori on serum homocysteine in a healthy Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 21 184 individuals aged over 18 years underwent 13 C/14 C urease breath test (13 C/14 C-UBT) and blood tests and 5042 individuals with follow-up intervals greater than 6 months. Homocysteine levels are classified according to the Chinese expert consensus. RESULTS: The rates of H. pylori infection of normal level, mild level, moderate level, and severe level were 40.9%, 43.8%, 45.8%, and 46.6%, respectively (P = 0.000). H. pylori infection increased the risk of higher homocysteine concentration (OR = 1.406, P = 0.000). In the case-control study, the rates of persistent negative, new infection, persistent infection, and eradication infection were 43.6%, 11.2%, 22.9%, and 22.3%, respectively. The percentage of changes in serum homocysteine levels varied significantly among the different H. pylori infection statuses only in mild level (P = 0.024). Mean changed homocysteine values were higher in the subgroup of persistent infection than in the persistent negative subgroup (P = 0.004) and the eradication infection subgroup (P = 0.034). Serum homocysteine values were elevated only in the subgroup with over 3 years interval time and persistent infection (n = 107, mean paired differences = 1.1 ± 4.6 µmol/L, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between H. pylori and serum homocysteine, and persistent infection leads to elevation of the latter.

[Novel sternoclavicular hook-plate for treatment of proximal clavicle fracture with dislocation of sternoclavicular joint].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of a novel sternoclavicular hook-plate for treatment of proximal clavicle fracture with dislocation of sternoclavicular joint. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 13 cases of proximal clavicle fracture with dislocation of sternoclavicular joint treated with sternoclavicular hook-plate from June 2011 to January 2019 in our department. There were 9 males and 4 females, aged 26 to 78 years old, with an average age of (54.08±13.91) years old. All the patients had closed injuries without damage of blood vessels and nerves. The patient's operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay time, and postoperative complications were recorded. Fracture healing and reduction were evaluated according to X-ray and CT after operation. Constant-Murley score and Rockwood sternoclavicular joint score were used to evaluate limb function at 12 months after operation. RESULTS: All the patients were treated with sternoclavicular hook-plate. The operation time ranged from 50 to 76 min, with a mean of (54.08±13.91) min. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 20 to 56 ml, with a mean of (46.08±11.15) ml. The hospital stay time ranged from 6 to 14 d, with a mean of (8.31±2.32) d. X-ray and CT examination on the second day after operation showed that all fractures and dislocations were anatomically reduced, and shoulder joint function exercise was performed early. All patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with a mean of (16.77±4.63) months. The healing time ranged from 9 to 13 d, with a mean of (11.00±1.75) d;and the bone healing time ranged from 3 to 4 months, with a mean of (3.65±0.46) months. There were no complications such as infection, internal fixation failure and nerve injury. At 12 months follow-up, the constant Murley score ranged from 78 to 100, with a mean of 87.83± 11.26; and Rockwood score ranged from 9 to 15, with a mean of 13.70±1.85. Among them, 11 cases were excellent, 1 case was good, and 1 case was general. CONCLUSION: The use of the novel sternoclavicular hook-plate for treatment of proximal clavicle fracture with dislocation of sternoclavicular joint is an effectively internal fixation with high safety, allowing early functional exercise for patients.

Metal-free N and O Co-doped carbon directly derived from bicrystal Zn-based zeolite-like metal-organic frameworks as durable high-performance pH-universal oxygen reduction reaction catalyst.

A simple and green approach is studied for the preparation of a high-activity metal-free N,O-codoped porous carbon (NOPC) electrocatalyst by one-step pyrolysis of pristine zinc-based zeolite-like metal-organic framework (Zn-ZMOF) synthesized by hydrothermal method from Zn2+and 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid (H3IDC) in H2O solvent. It is found that the structure and electroactivity of Zn-ZMOF and NOPC vary with the molar ratio of H3IDC to zinc acetate. NOPC shows pH-universal electrocatalytic property for oxygen reduction reaction and its electrocatalytic performance is similar to that of Pt/C in alkaline and neutral electrolytes, and is close to that of Pt/C in acidic electrolyte, which is a relatively rare case for metal-free porous carbon derived from pristine MOF. Meanwhile, NOPC displays higher long-term stability and better tolerance to methanol and carbon monoxide poisoning than that of commercial Pt/C. The excellent performance of NOPC is mainly due to the special structure of the precursor Zn-ZMOF, and the synergism of abundant active sites, micro/mesoporous structure, large specific surface area, and high degree of graphitization.

Multifunctional manganese-based carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for pH-triggered pesticide release and enhanced fungicidal activity.

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) has emerged as a promising biopolymer carrier for controlled release formulations of pesticide. In this study, manganese-based carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel was facilely prepared to encapsulate and release fungicide prothioconazole in a controllable manner. The loading content (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of prothioconazole were optimized by orthogonal test. When scaled up under the optimal condition, the corresponding LC and EE were 22.17 % and 68.38 %, respectively. The result showed that the pH-triggered release behavior of prothioconazole for the hydrogels was consistent with swelling behavior. The pesticide rapidly released in neutral and slightly alkaline solutions than in acidic conditions. Moreover, the prepared hydrogel showed enhanced fungicidal ability against wheat take-all pathogen (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritic) compared to that of prothioconazole technical material. This research seeks to provide a promising approach to develop metal and polysaccharide-based hydrogels to control the pesticide release and reduce pesticide use in sustainable agriculture application.

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of chiral carbon dots with high asymmetric catalytic activity for an enantioselective direct aldol reaction.

Chiral carbon dots are prepared by a simple and one-step hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C for 2 h using citric acid and d-proline as precursors, which show high asymmetric catalytic activity for enantioselective direct aldol condensation. This work provides a hint for the simple preparation of heterogeneous chiral catalysts.

Effect of aspect ratio on the chirality of gold nanorods prepared through conventional seed-mediated growth method.

In this work, three kinds of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with different aspect ratios were synthesized through conventional seed-mediated growth method, and the chirality of these AuNRs were characterized by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The results showed that the AuNRs with bigger aspect ratio had larger chirality. The AuNRs with different aspect ratios were applied to distinguish the enantiomers of 19 kinds of α-amino acids. It was found that AuNRs with bigger aspect ratio exhibited the stronger chiral recognition ability. As a proof-of-principle, the AuNRs with the aspect ratio of 4.8 were used to quantitatively recognize enantiomers of valine. Furthermore, the microcalorimetry was applied to study the interaction of AuNRs with amino acid enantiomers. This work provides one method to improve the chiral recognition ability of AuNRs by optimizing the aspect ratio of AuNRs, and helps people better understand the intrinsic chirality of nanostructures.

Identification of miRNA-Target Gene Pairs in the Parietal and Frontal Lobes of the Brain in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Using Bioinformatic Analyses.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing health concern worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied in many diseases, including AD. To identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and genes specific to AD, we used bioinformatic analyses to investigate candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in the pathogenesis of AD. We focused on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are targets of DEmiRNAs. The GEO2R tool and the HISAT2-DESeq2 software were used to identify DEmiRNAs and DEGs. Bioinformatic tools available online, such as TAM and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), were used to perform functional annotation and enrichment analysis. Targets of miRNAs were predicted using the miRTarBase. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape, which are available online, were utilized to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and identify hub genes. Furthermore, transcription factors (TFs) encoded by the DEGs were predicted using the TransmiR database and TF-miRNA-mRNA networks were constructed. Finally, the expression profile of a hub gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was compared between healthy individuals and AD patients. We identified 26 correlated miRNA-mRNA pairs. In the parietal lobe, miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in protein folding were enriched, and in the frontal lobe, miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in synaptic transmission, abnormal protein degradation, and apoptosis were enriched. In addition, HSP90AB1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to be significantly downregulated in AD patients, and this was consistent with its expression profile in the parietal lobe of AD patients. Our results provide brain region-specific changes in miRNA-mRNA associations in AD patients, further our understanding of potential underlying molecular mechanisms of AD, and reveal promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for AD.

Hollow and mesoporous lipstick-like nitrogen-doped carbon with incremented catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction.

Hollow structure and pore size are considered to be crucial to the performance of nitrogen-doped carbon materials. In this paper, a lipstick-like hollow and mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon (HNC-1000) material is prepared using a bottom-up template participation strategy. The images by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that the precursor ZnO particles, the intermediate ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell particles, and the target HNC-1000 particles all maintain a lipstick-like morphology, and HNC-1000 is a hollow nitrogen-doped carbon material. The specific surface area and pore size analyses show that the synthesized HNC-1000 has a very rich mesoporous structure with Vmeso+macro/Vtotal of 94.8% and mean mesopore size at 13.67 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the nitrogen in the catalyst HNC-1000 is mainly pyridine nitrogen and graphite nitrogen. The prepared HNC-1000 has excellent ORR catalytic activity with onset potential (0.98 V versus RHE), half-wave potential (0.85 V versus RHE), and limiting current density (5.51 mA cm-2), which is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C (20 wt%) and superior to NC-1000 derived from pristine ZIF-8. HNC-1000 also has good stability and strong methanol tolerance, which is superior to commercial Pt/C catalyst. The improved performance of HNC-1000 is attributed to its hollow and mesoporous morphology. These findings demonstrate a stratage for the rational design and synthesis of practical electrocatalysts.

Encapsulation of cuprous/cobalt sites in metal organic framework for enhanced C2H4/C2H6 separation.

Adsorbents based on CuI for π-complexative separation of C2H4/C2H6 have attracted widespread interests. However, they are still confronting some challenges, for example, (i) a low separation efficiency, resulted from the ineffective reduction of CuII to CuI along with aggregation, and (ii) poor stability due to the oxidation of CuI to inactive CuII. In this study, active Cu and auxiliary Co species are simultaneously encapsulated within the nanopores of MIL-101 using a double-solvent (DS) method to obtain CuCoM-DS. The Cu species at the interior of MIL-101 are homogeneously dispersed and can be completely reduced to CuI without any structural damage to MIL-101. The resulting CuCoM-DS exhibits a superior performance in C2H4/C2H6 separation not only to the pristine MIL-101, but to the counterpart samples of single Cu and/or Cu/Co at the exterior of MIL-101. The best sample of 1.5CuCoM-DS adsorbent is capable to adsorb 50.5 mL·g-1 of C2H4, and the C2H4/C2H6 selectivity is 2.6 at 100 kPa. Both C2H4 uptake and C2H4/C2H6 selectivity are higher than those reference samples. Moreover, 1.5CuCoM-DS preserves over 90% of fresh C2H4 uptake after the exposure to atmospheric air for 12 days. This study provides new design ideas for confining bimetallic sites in MOFs for broad applications.

miR-433 Inhibits Neuronal Growth and Promotes Autophagy in Mouse Hippocampal HT-22 Cell Line.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have an increasing functional role in some neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy, the degradation of bulk protein in the cytoplasm, is the quality control function of protein and has a protective role in the survival of neural cells. miR-433 may play a regulatory role in neurodegenerative diseases. Many aspects underlying the mechanism of miR-433 in neural development and neurodegeneration are not clear. Methods: In this study, we established stable cell lines expressing miR-433 by infecting mouse hippocampal neural cell line (HT-22) cells with rLV-miR-433 and the control rLV-miR. Pre-miR-433 expression was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mature miR-433 expression was measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The effect of miR-433 overexpression on cell proliferation was determined using a CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. RNA interference was used to analyze the function of Cdk12 in mediating the effect of miR-433 on cell proliferation. The effect of miR-433 overexpression on cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Autophagy-related genes Atg4a, LC3B, and Beclin-1 were determined using qPCR, Western blot, or immunofluorescence. In addition, RNA interference was used to analyze the effect of Atg4a on the induction of autophagy. TargetScan 7.2 was used to predict the target genes of miR-433, and Smad9 was determined using qPCR. Results: Our results indicated that miR-433 increased the expression of Atg4a and induced autophagy by increasing the expression of LC3B-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in an Atg4a-dependent manner. In addition, miR-433 upregulated the expression of Cdk12 and inhibited cell proliferation in a Cdk12-dependent manner and promoted apoptosis in HT-22 cells under the treatment of 10-hydroxycamptothecin. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that miR-433 may regulate neuronal growth by promoting autophagy and attenuating cell proliferation. This might be a potential therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.

Polydopamine-Modified Metal-Organic Frameworks, NH2-Fe-MIL-101, as pH-Sensitive Nanocarriers for Controlled Pesticide Release.

Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a dazzling star among porous materials used in many fields. Considering their intriguing features, MOFs have great prospects for application in the field of sustainable agriculture, especially as versatile pesticide-delivery vehicles. However, the study of MOF-based platforms for controlled pesticide release has just begun. Controlled pesticide release responsive to environmental stimuli is highly desirable for decreased agrochemical input, improved control efficacy and diminished adverse effects. In this work, simple, octahedral, iron-based MOFs (NH2-Fe-MIL-101) were synthesized through a microwave-assisted solvothermal method using Fe3+ as the node and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as the organic ligand. Diniconazole (Dini), as a model fungicide, was loaded into NH2-Fe-MIL-101 to afford Dini@NH2-Fe-MIL-101 with a satisfactory loading content of 28.1%. The subsequent polydopamine (PDA) modification could endow Dini with pH-sensitive release patterns. The release of Dini from PDA@Dini@NH2-Fe-MIL-101 was much faster in an acidic medium compared to that in neutral and basic media. Moreover, Dini@NH2-Fe-MIL-101 and PDA@Dini@NH2-Fe-MIL-101 displayed good bioactivities against the pathogenic fungus causing wheat head scab (Fusarium graminearum). This research sought to reveal the feasibility of versatile MOFs as a pesticide-delivery platform in sustainable crop protection.

Corrigendum: TLR2 Expression in Peripheral CD4+ T Cells Promotes Th17 Response and Is Associated with Disease Aggravation of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01609.].

Indoxacarb-loaded fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles for effective control of Plutella xylostella L. with decreased detoxification enzymes activities.

BACKGROUND: Plutella xylostella L. is a cosmopolitan lepidopteron insect pest for numerous vegetables and crops. The extensive use of insecticides has resulted in the emergence of resistance in P. xylostella. Thus, development of innovative strategies to overcome the insecticide resistance and control P. xylostella effectively is highly desirable. Inspired by the concept and breakthrough of nanomedical strategies to treat multidrug resistance, nanotechnology may find potential application in overcoming or delaying insecticide resistance. RESULTS: Carbon dots-embedded fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FL-SiO2 NPs) were successfully developed. Indoxacarb-loaded nanoparticles (IN@FL-SiO2 NPs) were facilely prepared with loading content of 24%. The release of indoxacarb from IN@FL-SiO2 NPs was pH sensitive. IN@FL-SiO2 NPs exhibited better insecticidal activity against P. xylostella than indoxacarb technical under the same doses of active ingredient applied. Moreover, the activities of detoxification enzymes including GST, CarE, and P450 of P. xylostella were suppressed by treatment with IN@FL-SiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the entry of FL-SiO2 NPs into the midgut of P. xylostella was confirmed by CLSM observation. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no absolute correlation between the enzyme activity and resistance, the change in corresponding enzyme activity can afford valuable information on the resistance situation. IN@FL-SiO2 NPs treated P. xylostella displayed higher mortality, along with decreased enzymes activities, which indicates that nano-based delivery system of insecticide could be potentially applied in insecticide resistance management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.