Population pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine active metabolite in Chinese paediatric patients with epilepsy: Model-based dose optimization.

The pharmacological activity of oxcarbazepine (OXC) is primarily exerted through its active 10-monohydroxy metabolite (MHD). Nonetheless, there is limited pharmacokinetic information available regarding paediatric patients with epilepsy treated with OXC, especially in infants and toddlers. Concurrently, this drug exhibits substantial variability in pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response across different individuals. We aimed to develop a model to quantitatively investigate factors that affect MHD pharmacokinetics to formulate a dosage guideline for OXC in Chinese paediatric patients. A total of 297 MHD trough concentrations were obtained from 287 epileptic children. Six body weight (BW)-based allometric models were used for population pharmacokinetic modelling, while investigating the impact of other covariates on the apparent clearance. The one-compartment model and age cut-off model for the apparent clearance (CL/F) were established to describe the pharmacokinetics of MHD. The probability to obtain target trough concentration ranges (TTCRs) of MHD between 3 and 35 mg/L was determined by Monte Carlo simulations for doses ranging from 8 to 90 mg/kg/day. A new dose optimization strategy combining the dosage guidelines and Bayesian method provides a tailored approach for Chinese paediatric epileptic patients based on their individual BW and desired TTCRs of MHD, and also supports current dose recommendations, with the exception of children weighing ≤5 kg.

MXene-mediated reconfiguration induces robust nickel-iron catalysts for industrial-grade water oxidation.

Nickel-iron oxy/hydroxides (NiFeOxHy) emerge as an attractive type of electrocatalysts for alkaline water oxidation reaction (WOR), but which encounter a huge challenge in stability, especially at industrial-grade large current density due to uncontrollable Fe leakage. Here, we tailor the Fe coordination by a MXene-mediated reconfiguration strategy for the resultant NiFeOxHy catalyst to alleviate Fe leakage and thus reinforce the WOR stability. The introduction of ultrafine MXene with surface dangling bonds in the electrochemical reconfiguration over Ni-Fe Prussian blue analogue induces the covalent hybridization of NiFeOxHy/MXene, which not only accelerates WOR kinetics but also improves Fe oxidation resistance against segregation. As a result, the NiFeOxHy coupled with MXene exhibits an extraordinary durability at ampere-level current density over 1,000 h for alkaline WOR with an ultralow overpotential of only 307 mV. This work provides a broad avenue and mechanistic insights for the development of nickel-iron catalysts toward industrial applications.

Diagnostic strategy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for gram negative bacteria in respiratory infections.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the most effective diagnostic method for distinguishing pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in suspected pneumonia cases using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. METHODS: The effectiveness of mNGS was assessed on BALF samples collected from 583 patients, and the results were compared with those from microbiological culture and final clinical diagnosis. Three interpretational approaches were evaluated for diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: mNGS outperformed culture significantly. Among the interpretational approaches, Clinical Interpretation (CI) demonstrated the best diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 87.3%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 98.3%. CI's specificity was significantly higher than Simple Interpretation (SI) at 37.9%. Additionally, CI excluded some microorganisms identified as putative pathogens by SI, including Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, and Klebsiella aerogenes. CONCLUSION: Proper interpretation of mNGS data is crucial for accurately diagnosing respiratory infections caused by GNB. CI is recommended for this purpose.

Discovery of Potential Neonicotinoid Insecticides by an Artificial Intelligence Generative Model and Structure-Based Virtual Screening.

The identification of neonicotinoid insecticides bearing novel scaffolds is of great importance for pesticide discovery. Here, artificial intelligence-based tools and virtual screening strategy were integrated to discover potential leads of neonicotinoid insecticides. A deep generative model was successfully constructed using a recurrent neural network combined with transfer learning. The model evaluation showed that the pretrained model could accurately grasp the SMILES grammar of drug-like molecules and generate potential neonicotinoid compounds after transfer learning. The generated molecules were evaluated by hierarchical virtual screening, hits were subjected to a similarity search, and the most similar structures were purchased for the bioassay. Compounds A2 and A5 displayed 52.5 and 50.3% mortality rates against Aphis craccivora at 100 mg/L, respectively. The docking study indicated that these two compounds have similar binding modes to neonicotinoids, which were verified by further molecular dynamics simulations.

Discovery of Trifluorobutene Amide Derivatives as Potential Nematicides: Design, Synthesis, Nematicidal Activity Evaluation, SAR, and Mode of Action Study.

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the major threats to crop protection. However, only limited nematicides are currently available and are confronted with a growing resistance problem, which necessitates the development of novel nematicides. In this study, a series of trifluorobutene amide derivatives was synthesized through the strategy of amide bond reversal, and their nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated. The bioassay showed that compounds C2, C10, and C18 and some analogues thereof exhibited good nematicidal activity. Among them, the derivatives of compound C2 containing a benzene ring [C26 (R = 2-CH3) and C33 (R = 2-Cl)] exhibited excellent bioactivity against M. incognita in vitro. The LC50/72h values reached 14.13 and 14.71 mg·L-1, respectively. Moreover, analogues of compounds C10 and C18 containing a thiophene ring [C43 (R = 5-CH3), C44 (R = 4-CH3), and C50 (R = 5-Cl)] exhibited significant bioactivity against M. incognita in vivo with inhibition rates of 68.8, 65.5, and 69.8% at 2.5 mg·L-1 in a matrix, respectively. Meanwhile, C44 and C50 also showed excellent control effects against M. incognita in both cups and microplots. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of synthesized compounds was discussed in detail. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was also conducted to develop the SAR profile. The preliminary mode of action investigation showed that compound C33 exhibited strong inhibition on egg hatching, motility, feeding behavior, and growth of Caenorhabditis elegans. At the same time, the impact of active compounds on biochemical indicators related to oxidative stress showed that compound C33 influenced the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), and the accumulation of lipofuscin and lipids on C. elegans.

Iridium/Acid Dual-Catalyzed Enantioselective Aza-ene-type Allylic Alkylation of Nitro Ketene Aminals with Racemic Allylic Alcohols.

The enantioselective allylic alkylation of nitro ketene aminals with racemic allylic alcohols was realized by iridium/acid dual catalysis. An allyl group was installed on the α-position of nitro ketene aminals in a branched-selective manner in high efficiency with excellent enantioselectivities (93-99% ee). The protocol was applied to the late-stage modification of neonicotinoid insecticides, which directly furnished a novel neonicotinoid analogue with good insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora (LC50 = 6.40 mg/L). On the basis of the control experiment, an aza-ene-type allylic alkylation reaction mechanism was proposed.

Aluminum-based ceramic/metal composites with tailored thermal expansion fabricated by spark plasma sintering.

We have devised a moderate temperature spark plasma sintering route for preparing aluminum matrix composites which possess tailored coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) in combination with tunable electrical and thermal conductivities. Due to its isotropic negative thermal expansion over a wide temperature range, cubic-phase ZrW2-xMoxO8 (x = 0.0, 1.0) is an ideal secondary phase for metal matrix composites with suitable CTEs. In this study, high-density ZrW2O8/Al and ZrWMoO8/Al composites containing 30-70 vol% Al were fabricated using spark plasma sintering. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the composites were composed of a thermally-stable cubic phase at temperatures as high as 873 K for ZrW2O8 and 773 K for ZrWMoO8, without any orthorhombic high-pressure phase derived from the large thermal mismatch between the ceramic and metal during sintering. The thermal expansion curves of the ZrW2-xMoxO8/Al composites were consistent with the predictions made using the Rule-of-Mixtures. The CTEs could be controlled from negative to positive and even close to zero by simply varying the volume fraction of aluminum. Similarly, the thermal and electrical conductivity of the ZrW2-xMoxO8/Al composites increases with increasing Al content, which is thought to be mainly related to the contribution of the free electron conduction path of Al in the composites.

Interpretable machine learning-assisted screening of perovskite oxides.

Perovskite oxides are extensively utilized in energy storage and conversion. However, they are conventionally screened via time-consuming and cost-intensive experimental approaches and density functional theory. Herein, interpretable machine learning is applied to identify perovskite oxides from virtual perovskite-type combinations by constructing classification and regression models to predict their thermodynamic stability and energy above the convex hull (Eh), respectively, and interpreting the models using SHapley Additive exPlanations. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy and the elastic modulus of the B-site elements of perovskite oxides are the top two features for stability prediction, whereas the Stability Label and features involving the elastic modulus and ionic radius are crucial for Eh regression. A classification model, which displays an accuracy of 0.919, precision of 0.937, F1-score of 0.932, and recall of 0.935, screens 682 143 stable perovskite oxides from 1 126 668 virtual perovskite-type combinations. The Eh values of the predicted stable perovskites are forecasted by a regression model with a coefficient of determination of 0.916, and root mean square error of 24.2 meV atom-1. Good agreement is observed between the regression model predicted and density functional theory-calculated Eh values.

Enhanced Charge Separation in Nanoporous BiVO4 by External Electron Transport Layer Boosts Solar Water Splitting.

The optimization of charge transport with electron-hole separation directed toward specific redox reactions is a crucial mission for artificial photosynthesis. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4 , BVO) is a popular photoanode material for solar water splitting, but it faces tricky challenges in poor charge separation due to its modest charge transport properties. Here, a concept of the external electron transport layer (ETL) is first proposed and demonstrated its effectiveness in suppressing the charge recombination both in bulk and at surface. Specifically, a conformal carbon capsulation applied on BVO enables a remarkable increase in the charge separation efficiency, thanks to its critical roles in passivating surface charge-trapping sites and building external conductance channels. Through decorated with an oxygen evolution catalyst to accelerate surface charge transfer, the carbon-encased BVO (BVO@C) photoanode manifests durable water splitting over 120 h with a high current density of 5.9 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under 1 sun irradiation (100 mW cm-2 , AM 1.5 G), which is an activity-stability trade-off record for single BVO light absorber. This work opens up a new avenue to steer charge separation via external ETL for solar fuel conversion.

Orderly Nanodendritic Nickel Substitute for Raney Nickel Catalyst Improving Alkali Water Electrolyzer.

The development of nonprecious metal catalysts to meet the activity-stability balance at industrial-grade large current densities remains a challenge toward practical alkali-water electrolysis. Here, this work develops an orderly nanodendritic nickel (ND-Ni) catalyst that consists of ultrafine nanograins in chain-like conformation, which shows both excellent activity and robust stability for large current density hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media, superior to currently applied Raney nickel (R-Ni) catalyst in commercial alkali-water electrolyzer (AWE). The ND-Ni catalyst featured by a three-dimensional (3D) interconnecting microporous structure endows with high specific surface area and excellent conductivity and hydrophilicity, which together afford superior charge/mass transport favorable to HER kinetics at high current densities. An actual AWE with ND-Ni catalyst demonstrates durable water splitting with 1.0 A cm-2 at 1.71 V under industrial conditions and renders a record-low power consumption of 3.95 kW h Nm-3 with an energy efficiency close to 90%. The hydrogen price per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) is calculated to be ≈$0.95, which is less than the target of $2.0 per GGE by 2026 from the U.S. Department of Energy. The results suggest the feasibility of ND-Ni substitute for R-Ni catalyst in commercial AWE.

Serological characteristics and clinical implications of IgG subclasses in visceral leishmaniasis.

OBJECTIVES: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) represents the most severe form of Leishmaniasis infection, often resulting in fatality without timely treatment. Previous studies have found that immunosuppression increases the risk of VL disease progression and mortality, and the total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in peripheral blood vary before and after treatment. However, the distinct levels and roles of IgG subclasses in VL have not been documented yet. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics and clinical significance of IgG subclasses in VL. METHODS: A total of 43 cases newly-diagnosed with VL were enrolled in the cohort. We measured the levels of IgG subclasses before and after standard treatment and conducted assessments of bone marrow features. In addition, we analysed other haematological indices and examined the variations in IgG subclasses, as well as their correlation with clinical and laboratory factors. RESULTS: The levels of total IgG, IgG1, and the ratios of both IgG1/IgG and IgG1/IgG2 decreased significantly after treatment, whereas the ratios of IgG2/ IgG showed an obvious increase. The VL patients without hyperglobulinemia displayed significant lower IgG1/IgG2 ratios, but higher IgG2/IgG ratios compared with those with hyperglobulinemia. In addition, VL patients with positive bone marrow amastigotes had significant higher IgG1/IgG and IgG1/IgG2 ratios, but lower IgG2/IgG ratios. IgG subclasses were correlated with abnormal blood test results, particularly immunological elements including IgM and Complement 4 (C4). CONCLUSIONS: IgG1 and IgG2 exhibited contrasting changes after treatment in VL patients. The features of bone marrow and laboratory tests indicated that IgG1 and IgG2 serve different roles in the progression of VL. The ratios of IgG subclasses may be more precise indicators to evaluate immune reaction in VL than traditional total IgG.

Tandem Synergistic Effect of Cu-In Dual Sites Confined on the Edge of Monolayer CuInP2 S6 toward Selective Photoreduction of CO2 into Multi-Carbon Solar Fuels.

One-unit-cell, single-crystal, hexagonal CuInP2 S6 atomically thin sheets of≈0.81 nm in thickness was successfully synthesized for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 . Exciting ethene (C2 H4 ) as the main product was dominantly generated with the yield-based selectivity reaching ≈56.4 %, and the electron-based selectivity as high as ≈74.6 %. The tandem synergistic effect of charge-enriched Cu-In dual sites confined on the lateral edge of the CuInP2 S6 monolayer (ML) is mainly responsible for efficient conversion and high selectivity of the C2 H4 product as the basal surface site of the ML, exposing S atoms, can not derive the CO2 photoreduction due to the high energy barrier for the proton-coupled electron transfer of CO2 into *COOH. The marginal In site of the ML preeminently targets CO2 conversion to *CO under light illumination, and the *CO then migrates to the neighbor Cu sites for the subsequent C-C coupling reaction into C2 H4 with thermodynamic and kinetic feasibility. Moreover, ultrathin structure of the ML also allows to shorten the transfer distance of charge carriers from the interior onto the surface, thus inhibiting electron-hole recombination and enabling more electrons to survive and accumulate on the exposed active sites for CO2 reduction.

Design, Synthesis, and Synergistic Activities of Eight-Membered Carbon Bridged Neonicotinoid Derivatives.

Insecticide synergists are an effective approach to increase the control efficacy and reduce active ingredient usage. In order to explore neonicotinoid-specific synergists with novel scaffolds and higher potency, a series of eight-membered carbon bridged neonicotinoid derivatives were designed and synthesized in accordance with our previous research. The synergistic effects of the target compounds on neonicotinoids in Aphis craccivora were evaluated, and the structure-activity relationships were summarized. The results indicated that most of the target compounds exhibited significant synergistic effects on imidacloprid in A. craccivora at low concentrations. In particular, compound 1 at a concentration of 1 mg/L reduced the LC50 value of imidacloprid from 0.856 mg/L to 0.170 mg/L. Meanwhile, compound 1 also increased the insecticidal activity of most neonicotinoid insecticides belonging to the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) 4 A subgroup against A. craccivora. The present study might be meaningful for directing the design of neonicotinoid-specific synergists.

Enzyme-Activatable Near-Infrared Photosensitizer with High Enrichment in Tumor Cells Based on a Multi-Effect Design.

Enzyme-activatable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes and photosensitizers (PSs) have emerged as promising tools for molecular imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, in living organisms selective retention or even enrichment of these reagents after enzymatic activation at or near sites of interest remains a challenging task. Herein, we integrate non-covalent and covalent retention approaches to introduce a novel "1-to-3" multi-effect strategy-one enzymatic stimulus leads to three types of effects-for the design of an enzyme-activatable NIR probe or PS. Using this strategy, we have constructed an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-activatable NIR fluorogenic probe and a NIR PS, which proved to be selectively activated by ALP to switch on NIR fluorescence or photosensitizing ability, respectively. Additionally, these reagents showed significant enrichment (over 2000-fold) in ALP-overexpressed tumor cells compared to the culture medium, accompanied by massive depletion of intracellular thiols, the major antioxidants in cells. The investigation of this ALP-activatable NIR PS in an in vivo PDT model resulted in complete suppression of HeLa tumors and full recovery of all tested mice. Encouragingly, even a single administration of this NIR PS was sufficient to completely suppress tumors in mice, demonstrating the high potential of this strategy in biomedical applications.

Adsorption and sensing performance of air pollutants on a ß-TeO2 monolayer: a first-principles study.

Two-dimensional (2D) ß-TeO2 is a novel semiconductor with potential applications in electronic circuits due to its air-stability and ultra-high carrier mobility. In this study, we explore the possibility of using a 2D ß-TeO2 monolayer for the detection of gaseous pollutants including SO2, NO2, H2S, CO2, CO, and NH3 gas molecules based on first-principles calculations. The adsorption properties including the adsorption energy, adsorption distance and charge transfer indicate that the interaction between 2D ß-TeO2 and the six gases is via a physisorption mechanism. Among the six gas adsorption systems, the SO2 adsorption system has the most negative adsorption energy and the largest charge transfer. In addition, the adsorption of SO2 obviously changes the electrical conductivity of the ß-TeO2 monolayer because the band gap decreases from 2.727 eV to 1.897 eV after adsorbing SO2. Our results suggest that the 2D ß-TeO2 should be an eminently promising SO2 sensing material.

Molecular Regulatory Network of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Black Radish Skin as Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabonome Analysis.

To understand the coloring mechanism in black radish, the integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses of root skin from a black recombinant inbred line (RIL 1901) and a white RIL (RIL 1911) were carried out. A total of 172 flavonoids were detected, and the analysis results revealed that there were 12 flavonoid metabolites in radish root skin, including flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanins. The relative concentrations of most flavonoids in RIL 1901 were higher than those in RIL 1911. Meanwhile, the radish root skin also contained 16 types of anthocyanins, 12 of which were cyanidin and its derivatives, and the concentration of cyanidin 3-o-glucoside was very high at different development stages of black radish. Therefore, the accumulation of cyanidin and its derivatives resulted in the black root skin of radish. In addition, a module positively related to anthocyanin accumulation and candidate genes that regulate anthocyanin synthesis was identified by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Among them, structural genes (RsCHS, RsCHI, RsDFR, and RsUGT75C1) and transcription factors (TFs) (RsTT8, RsWRKY44L, RsMYB114, and RsMYB308L) may be crucial for the anthocyanin synthesis in the root skin of black radish. The anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in the root skin of black radish was constructed based on the expression of genes related to flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways (Ko00941 and Ko00942) and the relative expressions of metabolites. In conclusion, this study not only casts new light on the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in the root skin of black radish but also provides a molecular basis for accelerating the cultivation of new black radish varieties.

Discovery of Novel Diamides Scaffold Containing Monofluoro-acrylamides Activating the Insect Ryanodine Receptor.

The research and development of organofluorine chemistry has flourished; in particular, monofluoroalkene has aroused considerable interest from medicinal and organic chemists. It is a significant attempt to introduce monofluoroalkene into agrochemicals. In this study, monofluoroalkene was introduced into diamide molecules and inserted between the aliphatic amide and benzene ring, and 44 compounds have been successfully synthesized. The bioassay results showed that compounds with monofluoro-acrylamide moiety (Z-isomers) had excellent larvicidal activity against lepidopteran pests at 5 mg·L-1. The LC50 values of compounds B16, B18, and B21 against Mythimna separata were 1.02, 1.32, and 0.78 mg·L-1, respectively. 3D-QSAR analysis including the CoMFA model and the CoMSIA model was conducted to illustrate the contributions of steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bond fields on the bioactivity. Moreover, typical symptoms caused by chlorantraniliprole including dehydration, shrinkage, and blackening were also observed on the test larvae treated with monofluoro-acrylamide diamide compounds. M. separata central neurons calcium imaging experiment of compound B18 indicated that the monofluoro-acrylamide diamide compounds were potential insect ryanodine receptor activators. The molecular docking was performed in the CHL binding domain of Plutella xylostella RyR and revealed that the predicted binding mode of compound B21 was slightly different from that of CHL. The MM|GBSA dG Bind values of B21 and CHL with P. xylostella RyR were respectively -85.797 and -95.641 kcal·mol-1. The present work explored the insecticidal properties of a new diamide scaffold containing a monofluoro-acrylamide fragment and extended the application of monofluoroalkene in the agrochemical field.

Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Evaluation of N-Pyridylpyrazole Amide Derivatives Containing 4,5-Dihydroisoxazole Amide as Potential Ryanodine Receptor Activators.

Using the 4,5-dihydroisoxazol amide structure to expand the aliphatic amide moiety of chlorantraniliprole, a series of 28 novel N-pyridylpyrazolecarboxamide derivatives containing 4,5-dihydroisoxazol amide fragment were designed and synthesized. All target compounds had been properly characterized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS, and the effects were evaluated against Mythimna separata (M. separata) and Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella). The bioassay results indicated that most of the target compounds exhibited good insecticidal activities against M. separata and P. xylostella at 50 mg/L; especially, compound A4 showed an LC50 value of 3.27 mg/L against M. separata. Calcium imaging experiments indicated that the target compound A4 had a similar mechanism of action to chlorantraniliprole, causing an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. The molecular docking revealed the possible binding mode of compound A4 with a ryanodine receptor.

Discovery of Novel Aminocyclobutanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.

The conformational restriction switch concept has been adopted as a major tool for structural optimization of pharmaceuticals in order to expand the chemical structure scope and improve therapeutic activity against specific proteins. Several of the 1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid derivatives produced in this way exhibited satisfactory antifungal activity in vitro compared with positive control boscalid. In vitro antifungal tests revealed that compound A21 had comparable, even higher antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani (R.s., EC50 = 0.03 mg/L) and Botrytis cinerea (B.c., EC50 = 0.04 mg/L) than fluxapyroxad (R.s., EC50 = 0.02 mg/L; B.c., EC50 = 0.20 mg/L) and boscalid (R.s., EC50 = 0.29 mg/L; B.c., EC50 = 0.42 mg/L). Furthermore, compound A20 was successfully screened and exhibited good inhibitory activity against porcine SDH, its IC50 value was 3.73 µM, which has considerable potency compared with fluxapyroxad (IC50 = 3.76 µM). The mode of action was determined using SEM and membrane potential research. The effects of the substituent steric hindrance, electrostatic property, hydrophobicity, and hydrogen-bond fields on structure-activity relationships were elaborated by the reliable models of comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity index analysis. Furthermore, density functional theory simulations, molecule electrostatic potential, and molecular docking were also used to study the probable binding mode of target compounds with flexible fragments. The results showed that the scaffold of 1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid derivatives could be used as lead for discovering new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Novel Phenylpyrazole Derivatives Containing a Trifluoromethylselenyl Moiety.

Phenylpyrazole insecticides are widely used for crop protection and public sanitation by blocking gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels. Herein, 36 novel phenylpyrazole derivatives containing a trifluoromethylselenyl moiety were designed and synthesized based on the strategy of introducing a selenium element. All derivative structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The insecticidal activity results indicated that some derivatives had good insecticidal activities against Aedes albopictus (A. albopictus) and Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella). The larvicidal activity against mosquitos of compounds 5, 5a, 5k, and 5l at 0.5 mg/L was 60-80%. At a concentration of 500 mg/L, compounds 5, 5a, 5h, 5k, 5l, 5r, 6, 6j, 6k, and 7 showed a 70-100% mortality against P. xylostella. Among them, derivatives 5 and 6 had a better insecticidal effect with mortality rates of 87 and 93% at 50 mg/L, respectively. It was summarized that the different binding poses of fipronil and compounds 5 and 6 in the Musca domestica (M. domestica) GABARs might lead to the disparity in bioactivity from docking studies. Toxicity tests on zebrafish suggested that compound 6 may be slightly less toxic to the embryos than fipronil on hatching rate.