Comparison of long-term oncologic outcomes laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and open gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

PURPOSE: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) is proven by considerable studies as a safe procedure for early gastric cancer (EGC), but its long-term oncologic outcomes in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) have not been well-described. This study aimed at verifying the non-inferiority of LAG in the treatment of EGC and comparing the oncological feasibility of LAG and open gastrectomy (OG) for AGC. METHODS: A total of 209 consecutive patients who underwent LAG or OG with D2 lymph node dissection between December 2008 and November 2012 were included. The survival rate was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and the risk factors affecting the survival and recurrence were evaluated with Cox regression models. Subgroup analysis was performed in AGC patients receiving both distal and total gastrectomy. RESULTS: Of 209 patients, 194 (92.8%; mean age, 62.7 years; 56 [28.9%] women) eligible patients were finally enrolled in this study. No significant differences in the number of lymph nodes retrieved and postoperative complications were observed between patients receiving LAG and OG. During a mean follow-up of 58.3 ± 38.1 months (range 0-121 months), the 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 56.1% and 53.0% for LAG, and 57.7% and 50.9% for OG. In the subgroup analysis for AGC, laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and total gastrectomy did not result in inferior long-term outcomes, and recurrence was found in 49 patients (31.2%). Age more than 65 years and the advanced tumor stage were independent risk factors of survival. CONCLUSION: LAG is a feasible and safe treatment for gastric cancer, with good oncologic results.

[Occurrence and Ecological Risk of Eight Typical PhACs in Surface Water and Its Impact on Daphnia magna].

The occurrence and risk assessment of eight typical pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in a receiving water body of wastewater treatment plant effluent were investigated. The results showed that the total concentrations of eight PhACs in summer and winter ranged from 27.6 to 226.4 ng·L-1 and 56.6 to 368.8 ng·L-1, respectively. The concentration of caffeine (16.2-125.8 ng·L-1) was highest, followed by roxithromycin (3.3-89.2 ng·L-1) and ibuprofen (3.6-59.2 ng·L-1). The total ecological risks (mixture risk quotients, MRQ) of eight PhACs to green algae, daphnia, and fish were 1.51, 0.08, and 5.68 in summer and 8.34, 0.22, and 6.45 in winter, respectively. The contribution rates of ketoconazole, erythromycin, and ibuprofen exceeded 49%, 85%, and 92% for MRQ in green algae, daphnia, and fish, respectively. In terms of sensitive species, green algae and fish are the most sensitive to PhACs in winter and summer, respectively. The results of 21 d chronic toxicity showed that mixed PhACs effect normal development and reproduction of Daphnia magna, resulting in an increase in reproductive capacity and swimming activity, and a reduction in heart rate and thoracic limb activity.