Molecular modeling and simulation approaches to characterize potential molecular targets for burdock inulin to instigate protection against autoimmune diseases.

In the current study, we utilized molecular modeling and simulation approaches to define putative potential molecular targets for Burdock Inulin, including inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1ß. Molecular docking results revealed potential interactions and good binding affinity for these targets; however, IL-1ß, COX-2, and iNOS were identified as the best targets for Inulin. Molecular simulation-based stability assessment demonstrated that inulin could primarily target iNOS and may also supplementarily target COX-2 and IL-1ß during DSS-induced colitis to reduce the role of these inflammatory mechanisms. Furthermore, residual flexibility, hydrogen bonding, and structural packing were reported with uniform trajectories, showing no significant perturbation throughout the simulation. The protein motions within the simulation trajectories were clustered using principal component analysis (PCA). The IL-1ß-Inulin complex, approximately 70% of the total motion was attributed to the first three eigenvectors, while the remaining motion was contributed by the remaining eigenvectors. In contrast, for the COX2-Inulin complex, 75% of the total motion was attributed to the eigenvectors. Furthermore, in the iNOS-Inulin complex, the first three eigenvectors contributed to 60% of the total motion. Furthermore, the iNOS-Inulin complex contributed 60% to the total motion through the first three eigenvectors. To explore thermodynamically favorable changes upon mutation, motion mode analysis was carried out. The Free Energy Landscape (FEL) results demonstrated that the IL-1ß-Inulin achieved a single conformation with the lowest energy, while COX2-Inulin and iNOS-Inulin exhibited two lowest-energy conformations each. IL-1ß-Inulin and COX2-Inulin displayed total binding free energies of - 27.76 kcal/mol and - 37.78 kcal/mol, respectively, while iNOS-Inulin demonstrated the best binding free energy results at - 45.89 kcal/mol. This indicates a stronger pharmacological potential of iNOS than the other two complexes. Thus, further experiments are needed to use inulin to target iNOS and reduce DSS-induced colitis and other autoimmune diseases.

Effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on histamine and inflammatory factors in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats with Crohn disease / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating Crohn disease (CD) by evaluating the changes in histamine and inflammatory factors in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats.Methods: Fifty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=14) and a CD-modeling group (n=44). Rats in the CD-modeling group received enema with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid plus ethanol to establish CD models. The enema was repeated once every 7 d for a total of 4 times. After modeling, four modeled rats and four normal rats were randomly selected for model identification. After the CD model was successfully established, the remaining rats in the CD-modeling group were randomly divided into a model group, an acupuncture group, a moxibustion group, and a Western medication group, with ten rats in each group. The rats in the acupuncture and moxibustion groups were treated with acupuncture or moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37); the rats in the Western medication group were treated with mesalazine enteric-coated tablets by gavage for continuous 7 d. After the intervention, the colon tissue of rats in each group was collected. After gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to further observe the pathological changes. The expression of histamine in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-10, and IL-6 in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) was detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the normal group, the colonic wall of rats in the model group showed cobblestone-like changes, local ulcers, and polyps in dark red and thickening and hardening. HE staining showed local loss of mucosal epithelial layer and formation of slit-like ulcers, destruction of mucosal glands, edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lamina propria and submucosa, and occasional formation of sarcoid-like granuloma. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-10 were significantly down- regulated (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the model group. Compared with the model group, the pathomorphological damage of the colon tissue of rats in the acupuncture group, moxibustion group, and Western medication group was significantly improved. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly down- regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the level of IL-10 was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01) in the skin at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the acupuncture group. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the moxibustion group. The level of histamine was significantly down-regulated (P<0.01), and the levels of IL-18 and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the skin tissue of rats in the Western medication group. Compared with the acupuncture group, the level of IL-10 in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the moxibustion group was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). Conclusion: The inflammatory responses in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) may be the external manifestation of CD. Significant differences in the regulation of inflammatory responses in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) between acupuncture and moxibustion exist, which may be caused by the differences in the stimulation characteristics between acupuncture and moxibustion.

The Pathology of Primary Familial Brain Calcification: Implications for Treatment / 神经科学通报·英文版

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by progressive calcium deposition bilaterally in the brain, accompanied by various symptoms, such as dystonia, ataxia, parkinsonism, dementia, depression, headaches, and epilepsy. Currently, the etiology of PFBC is largely unknown, and no specific prevention or treatment is available. During the past 10 years, six causative genes (SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB, XPR1, MYORG, and JAM2) have been identified in PFBC. In this review, considering mechanistic studies of these genes at the cellular level and in animals, we summarize the pathogenesis and potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for PFBC patients. Our systematic analysis suggests a classification for PFBC genetic etiology based on several characteristics, provides a summary of the known composition of brain calcification, and identifies some potential therapeutic targets for PFBC.

Mechanisms of PiT2-loop7 Missense Mutations Induced Pi Dyshomeostasis / 神经科学通报·英文版

PiT2 is an inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporter whose mutations are linked to primary familial brain calcification (PFBC). PiT2 mainly consists of two ProDom (PD) domains and a large intracellular loop region (loop7). The PD domains are crucial for the Pi transport, but the role of PiT2-loop7 remains unclear. In PFBC patients, mutations in PiT2-loop7 are mainly nonsense or frameshift mutations that probably cause PFBC due to C-PD1131 deletion. To date, six missense mutations have been identified in PiT2-loop7; however, the mechanisms by which these mutations cause PFBC are poorly understood. Here, we found that the p.T390A and p.S434W mutations in PiT2-loop7 decreased the Pi transport activity and cell surface levels of PiT2. Furthermore, we showed that these two mutations attenuated its membrane localization by affecting adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- or protein kinase B (AKT)-mediated PiT2 phosphorylation. In contrast, the p.S121C and p.S601W mutations in the PD domains did not affect PiT2 phosphorylation but rather impaired its substrate-binding abilities. These results suggested that missense mutations in PiT2-loop7 can cause Pi dyshomeostasis by affecting the phosphorylation-regulated cell-surface localization of PiT2. This study helps understand the pathogenesis of PFBC caused by PiT2-loop7 missense mutations and indicates that increasing the phosphorylation levels of PiT2-loop7 could be a promising strategy for developing PFBC therapies.

Changes of brain default mode network in adolescents' emotion disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

The incidence of emotion disability-related diseases in adolescents is increasing year by year, causing great harm to their physical and mental health, even affecting them until adulthood. However, the mechanism of this has not been fully clarified. The default mode network is a brain network composed of brain regions that are still active in the resting state. DMN is a hot pot in the field of resting state brain function research, but few studies have focused on its pathological changes in the adolescents with emotion disability-related diseases. In recent years, a number of articles related to adolescent emotion disorders have provided clues for understanding the characteristics and potential mechanisms of adolescent emotion disorders from the perspective of imaging. This paper summarized the related research over the years and found that the occurrence of emotion disorders is closely related to the activation of the default mode network brain regions, cortical thickness, gray matter volume or density, and changes in functional connections between brain areas.Some changes in brain structure and function can be used as predictive factors. In this paper, by summarizing the changes in brain imaging of these emotion disorders, we hope to explore new neuroimaging landmark changes, which can provide theoretical basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of emotion disorders related diseases in adolescents.

Effect of hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor precursor in mice cognitive dysfuction induced by social isolation / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) in cognitive dysfuction induced by social isolation. Methods Thirty C57BL / 6 J male mice (4-week old) were randomly divided into group house (GH,n = 15) and socially isolated (SI,n = 15) groups. The GH group (5 mice / cage) and SI group (1 mice / cage) were reared separately under the same conditions. The novel object recognition test and the novel place recognition test were used to evaluate the cognitive function. The expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus was detected by Real-time PCR. The expression of BDNF and proBDNF in hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were extracellular enzymes that catalyzed the transformation of proBDNF into mature BDNF. Expression of MMP-9 and tPA mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by Real-time PCR. Results Compared with the GH group, the SI group showed significantly reduced discrimination ratio in the novel object recognition test and novel place recognition test. The result of Real-time PCR showed that there was no difference in the expression of BDNF mRNA between SI group and GH group. The result of Western blotting showed that the expression level of proBDNF in the hippocampus of SI group increased significantly compared with the GH group (P<0. 01),and no difference in BDNF expression was found between the two groups; Compared with the GH group, the BDNF/ proBDNF ratio in the hippocampus of SI group decreased. In addition, the result of Real-time PCR showed that the expression level of MMP-9 and tPA mRNA in the hippocampus of SI group decreased significantly compared with the GH group. Conclusion The social isolation-induced cognitive dysfuction in mice may be related to the up-regulation of proBDNF in the hippocampus.

Effects of neferine on invasion and migration of non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells via inhibiting ROCK pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the inhibitory effect of neferine(Nef)on the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)H1299 cells by blocking ROCK pathway.Methods H1299 cells were taken for in vitro culture, and treated with different concentrations of Nef.H1299 cell viability was measured by CCK-8 method to determine the dose of the experimental group.The migration and invasion abilities of H1299 cells were detected by cell scratch test and Transwell chamber test.The expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted from lung cancer cells was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The protein level of ROCK1 in H1299 cells was tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot; the binding mode and affinity between Nef and ROCK1 were stimulated by AutoDock semi flexible docking method.Results The doses of Nef in the experimental group were determined as 4, 6 and 10 μmol·L-1.These three concentrations of Nef could inhibit the migration and invasion of H1299 lung cancer cells to a certain degree in a dose-dependent manner.At the same time, Nef reduced the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and ROCK1 proteins related to the migration and invasion of the cancer cells.In addition, the affinity of Nef to ROCK1 was significantly higher than that of fasudil, an inhibitor of ROCK, and the binding force was stronger to A-chain of ROCK1.Conclusions As a potential natural anticancer compound, Nef can inhibit the migration and invasion of NSCLC by reducing the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and ROCK1 proteins related to the migration and invasion of the cancer cells.

Data-driven methodology for discovery and response to pulmonary symptomology in hypertension through AI and machine learning: Application to COVID-19 related pharmacovigilance

BackgroundPotential therapy and confounding factors including typical co-administered medications, patients disease states, disease prevalence, patient demographics, medical histories, and reasons for prescribing a drug often are incomplete, conflicting, missing, or uncharacterized in spontaneous adverse drug event (ADE) reporting systems. These missing or incomplete features can affect and limit the application of quantitative methods in pharmacovigilance for meta-analyses of data during randomized clinical trials. MethodsIn this study, we implemented adaptive signal detection approaches to correct spurious association, hidden factors, and confounder misclassification when the covariates are unknown or unmeasured on medications affecting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), potentially creating an increased risk of life-threatening outcomes in high-risk patients. ResultsFollowing multiple filtering stages to exclude insignificant and noise-driven reports, we found that drugs from antihypertensives agents, urologicals, and antithrombotic agents (macitentan, bosentan, epoprostenol, selexipag, sildenafil, tadalafil, and beraprost) form a similar class with a significantly higher incidence of pADEs. Macitentan and bosentan were associates with 64% and 56% of pADEs, respectively. Because these two medications are prescribed in diseases affecting pulmonary function and may be likely to emerge among the highest reported pADEs, in fact, they serve to validate the methods utilized here. Conversely, doxazosin and rilmenidine were found to have the least pADEs in selected drugs from hypertension patients. Nifedipine and candesartan were also found by our signal detection methods to form a drug cluster, shown by several studies an effective combination of these drugs on lowering blood pressure and appeared an improved side effect profile in comparison with single-agent monotherapy. ConclusionsWe consider pulmonary ADE (pADE) profiles in a long-standing group of therapeutics, RAS-acting agents, in patients with hypertension associated with high-risk for COVID-19. Using these techniques, we confirmed our hypothesis that drugs from the same drug class could have very different pADE profiles affecting outcomes in acute respiratory illness. We found that several indidvual drugs have significant differences between their drug classes and compared to other drug classes. FundingGJW and MJD accepted funding from BioNexus KC for funding on this project but BioNexus KC had no direct role in this article. Clinical trial numberN/A Author SummaryUnderlying comorbidities continue to negatively affect COVID-19 patients. A recent focus has been on medications affecting RAS. Therefore, with the advent of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in high-risk patients with hypertension, identifying specific RAS medications with the lowest incidence of pADEs would be beneficial. For this purpose, we curated the FDA ADE database to search for information related to human pADEs. As part of post-marketing drug safety surveillance, state/federal regulatory agencies and other institutions provide massive collections of ADE reports, these large data-sets present an opportunity to investigate ADEs to provide patient management based on comparative population data analysis. The abundance and prevalence of ADEs are not always detectable during randomized clinical trials and before a drug receives FDA approval for use in the clinic, which may appear with more widespread use. This is especially true for specific agents or diseases since there are simply too few events to be assessed, even in a large clinical trial for side effect profiles of specific disease states. For this purpose, we employed a novel method identifying extraneous causes of differential reporting including sampling variance and selection biases by reducing the effect of covariates.

A challenge for colorectal surgeons: pathogenesis, progression and management of the secondary tumors of the ovary / 中华胃肠外科杂志

A common clinical problem encountered by colorectal surgeons is the secondary tumors of the ovary (STO), particularly in young female patients. Most STO are from the digestive tract, and the known possible metastatic mechanisms include lymphatic, hematogenous, and intraperitoneal spreading. The molecular and histopathological characteristics of STO from different sites are diverse. It is particularly important to correctly identify the origin and feature of STO, which should be clarified by combining medical history, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, molecular biology, imaging and other means. The prognosis of patients with STO is poor in general. Comprehensive therapies based on surgical resection can benefit some patients. There is no specific treatment for STO at present, but not giving up easily on these patients is the right choice that every surgeon should understand.

Nucleolar protein 6 promotes cell proliferation and acts as a potential novel prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Nucleolar protein 6 (NOL6) is a nucleolar RNA-associated protein that is highly conserved between species. It has been proved to be associated with the prognosis of liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully established. This study aimed to assess the relationship between NOL6 and liver cancer prognosis.@*METHODS@#We constructed an NOL6-short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing lentivirus. Through viral transfection, cell growth assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we evaluated the effect of shRNA-mediated NOL6 knockdown on the proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The relationship between NOL6 expression and HCC patient survival has been established through bioinformatics analysis. We also explored the downstream molecular regulatory network of NOL6 in HCC by performing an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis in the database.@*RESULTS@#Increased NOL6 expression was detected in HCC cells compared to normal controls; HCC patients with high NOL6 expression had poorer prognoses than those with low expression. NOL6 knockdown inhibited HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and colony formation. Also, MAPK8, CEBPA, and FOSL1 were selected as potential downstream genes of NOL6.@*CONCLUSIONS@#NOL6 up-regulates HCC cell proliferation and affects downstream expression of related genes. Moreover, NOL6 is considered to be associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.

Moxibustion on mental disorder in close contacts of coronavirus disease 2019: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of moxibustion combined with @*METHODS@#A total of 240 close contacts of COVID-19 were randomized into an observation group (120 cases, 18 cases dropped off) and a control group (120 cases, 58 cases dropped off). Conventional observation was adopted in the control group. Moxibustion combined with Daiwenjiu plaster was given in the observation group, moxibustion was applied at Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4) and Shenque (CV 8), 10 min each acupoint, once a day; @*RESULTS@#In the follow-up, SRQ-20 score was decreased compared before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion combined with

Characteristics and clinical value of sublingual microcirculation in children with sepsis / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of sublingual microcirculation in children with sepsis, and to explore the clinical value of sublingual microcirculation in the early diagnosis, therapeutic effect evaluation of sepsis in children.Methods:Children with sepsis and community acquired pneumonia(CAP) admitted in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 were included in the study, which was divided into sepsis group and control group(CAP group). In the sepsis group, large circulation indexes and sublingual microcirculation indexes were collected at 0, 6, and 24 hours after admission.Sublingual microcirculation indexes were collected by bypass dark field imaging.In the control group, large circulation indexes were collected after admission, and sublingual microcirculation indexes were collected during tracheal endoscopic examination after sedation.De Backer score(DBs), hetergeneity index(HI), hetergeneity index small(HIs), proportion of pefusedvessels(PPV), proportion of pefused small vessels(PPVs), total of vessel density(TVD), pefused vessel density(PVD), pefused small vessel density(PVDs)were selected as the evaluation index of sublingual microcirculation.The changes of macrocirculation and microcirculation indexes in the two groups were compared, and the correlation between age and microcirculation indexes in the control group was analyzed.Results:A total of 71 children, including 10 sepsis cases and 61 CAP cases, were collected.Among the 61 children with CAP, 9 children (2-48 months) in the same age range as the sepsis group were divided into control group A, and the indicators between the two groups were analyzed.Compared with control group A, PPV and PPVs were lower and DBs, HI, HIs, TVD were higher in the sepsis group at 0 hours( P<0.05). At 6 hours, HI in the sepsis group was still higher than that in control group A, and PPV, PPVs were higher than those at 0 hours.However, at 6 hours, PPVs was still lower than that of control group A( P<0.05), and HI, HIs did not improve compared with those at 0 hours( P>0.05). At 24 hours, HI, PPV and PPVs improved, no difference was found compared with the control group A( P<0.05), while HIs did not improve significantly( P>0.05). The age of the control group had a moderate negative correlation with HI, and a weak negative correlation with HIs( r=-0.420, P=0.001; r=-0.387, P=0.002). Conclusion:HI, HIs, PPV and PPVs are sensitive indexes of microcirculation disorder in children with sepsis.Fluid resuscitation therapy can improve the indexes of sublingual microcirculation in children with sepsis, but the improvement of sublingual microcirculation in children with sepsis is later than the recovery of macro circulation.HI and HIs are negatively correlated with month age in children with CAP.

Etiological diagnosis and treatment of bronchoscopy in pediatric intensive care unit / 中国小儿急救医学

Children in the pediatric intensive care unit who continue to have ventilator-assisted breathing are often difficult to get off-line due to respiratory system disease, cardiovascular system disease, nervous system disease, nutritional status, genetic metabolism, abnormal diaphragm movement and other factors.Through the diagnosis and treatment of flexible bronchoscope, the etiology could be identified, the ventilation function is effectively improved, and the cure rate of weaning difficulty increases.This paper discussed the etiological diagnosis and treatment of flexible bronchoscopy in children with difficulty in weaning from pediatric intensive care unit.

Diagnosis and emergency treatment of bronchial foreign body by fiberoptic bronchoscopy / 中国小儿急救医学

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspirations may cause cardiopulmonary arrest and sudden death.The incidence in children is higher than in adults.Rapid diagnosis and treatment are live saving.In this paper, we aimed to present our experience in tracheal foreign body aspirations by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative nursing coordination of soft bronchoscope in pediatric intensive care unit / 中国小儿急救医学

Primary and secondary airway problems directly affect mortality and disability in critically ill children in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU). Soft bronchoscope, as an important method for the diagnosis and interventional treatment of airway lesions in critically ill children in PICU, requires standardized seamless nursing cooperation throughout the whole process.This article discussed the nursing cooperation before, during and after soft bronchoscope operation in PICU.

Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative nursing coordination of soft bronchoscope in pediatric intensive care unit / 中国小儿急救医学

Primary and secondary airway problems directly affect mortality and disability in critically ill children in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU). Soft bronchoscope, as an important method for the diagnosis and interventional treatment of airway lesions in critically ill children in PICU, requires standardized seamless nursing cooperation throughout the whole process.This article discussed the nursing cooperation before, during and after soft bronchoscope operation in PICU.

Etiological diagnosis and treatment of bronchoscopy in pediatric intensive care unit / 中国小儿急救医学

Children in the pediatric intensive care unit who continue to have ventilator-assisted breathing are often difficult to get off-line due to respiratory system disease, cardiovascular system disease, nervous system disease, nutritional status, genetic metabolism, abnormal diaphragm movement and other factors.Through the diagnosis and treatment of flexible bronchoscope, the etiology could be identified, the ventilation function is effectively improved, and the cure rate of weaning difficulty increases.This paper discussed the etiological diagnosis and treatment of flexible bronchoscopy in children with difficulty in weaning from pediatric intensive care unit.

Diagnosis and emergency treatment of bronchial foreign body by fiberoptic bronchoscopy / 中国小儿急救医学

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspirations may cause cardiopulmonary arrest and sudden death.The incidence in children is higher than in adults.Rapid diagnosis and treatment are live saving.In this paper, we aimed to present our experience in tracheal foreign body aspirations by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Predictive significance of serum inhibin B on testicular haploid gamete retrieval outcomes in nonobstructive azoospermic men.

The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of serum inhibin B (INHB) as a predictor of the retrieval outcome of testicular haploid gametes (spermatids and testicular spermatozoa) in nonobstructive azoospermic men. Serum hormone levels, testicular volume, and histological evaluation were performed in 403 Chinese nonobstructive azoospermic men. Testicular haploid gamete was successfully retrieved in 213 of 403 patients (52.85%). The haploid gamete group always had higher INHB levels than the non-haploid gamete group. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, INHB was a good predictor of testicular haploid gamete retrieval outcome in all patients (sensitivity: 77.93% and specificity: 91.58%) and patients with normal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; sensitivity: 88.52% and specificity: 70.83%). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of INHB was similar to that of FSH in all patients or patients with normal FSH. In patients with elevated FSH, INHB was superior to FSH in predicting the presence of haploid gamete (AUC: 0.73 vs 0.55, P < 0.05), with a sensitivity of 60.00% and a specificity of 80.28%. It concluded that serum INHB as an effective marker for spermatogenesis was a significant predictor of testicular haploid gamete retrieval outcomes in nonobstructive azoospermic men. Especially, INHB is superior to FSH in predicting the presence of haploid gamete in the patients with elevated FSH.

Advances in Retinopathy of Prematurity / 中国医学科学院学报

Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a pathological neovascularization with fibrotic changes in the fundus of premature infants.It is a major cause of preventable blindness in children in both developing and developed countries.Treatment of ROP has long been a hot research topic in ophthalmology and pediatrics.With a clearer knowledge of the pathogenesis of ROP,more basic and clinical studies have been carried out.The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and surgical treatment have become mature strategies,and a variety of therapeutic drugs including insulin-like growth factor-1,transforming growth factor-β,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and β-adrenergic receptor blockers have been developed.This article reviews the recent advances in ROP.