Community-based intensive health management for type Ⅱ diabetics / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To discuss the effectiveness of community-based intensified health management on type Ⅱ diabetes patients.Metbods From June 2010 to December 2011,1 024 type Ⅱ diabetes patients in Mishi Lane community were enrolled and assigned to the intervention group (n=501,obtaining intensive health management) and the control group (n=523,obtaining routine community health management).Fastingbloodglucose (FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG2h),HbA1c,blood pressure (BP),triglyceride (TG) and body mass index (BMI) were tested and recorded before and after the intervention.Student's t test or Chi-square test were used for data analysis.Results Differences of age (t=0.124,P＞0.05) and gender (x2=2.0,P＞0.05) were not statistically significant (both P＞0.05).Following the intensive health management,the control rates of HbA1c,BP,TG and BMI were increased to 75.4％,30.4％,85.6％ and 49.0％,respectively (x2 values were 4.54,4.71,6.54 and 3.67; all P＜0.05).TG,FBG and PBG2h of the intervention group were (1.5 ± 0.9),(6.2 ± 1.3) and (8.3 ± 2.4) mmol/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Community-based intensive health management could be effective for diabetes patients.

Knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)-based health management of type 2 diabetes among community residents / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To discuss the effectiveness of knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)-based health management on type 2 diabetes in community residents.Methods From June 2010 to December 2011,930 type 2 diabetes patients living in Mishi Lane Community were enrolled and assigned to the intervention group(n=494) and the control group(n=436).The KAP mode was used for the intervention group,and the routine management mode was applied to the control group.Fasting blood glucose(FBG),PBG2 h,HbAlc,blood pressure(BP),triglyceride(TG) and body mass index(BMI) were tested and recorded.Student's t test or Chi-square test was used for data analysis.Results Age(t=0.124,P＞0.05),gender(x2=2.0,P＞0.05) and other demographics showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(all P＞0.05).After one-year KAP-based health management,HbA 1 c of the intervention group reduced to(6.1 ± 1.2)％,FBG and PBG2 h reduced by 1.7 and 3.23 mmol/L,respectively(t=4.926,P＜0.05; t=4.306,P＜0.05; t=4.523,P＜ 0.05).Diet,physical exercises,medication,regular inspection,unhealthy habits and questionare test awaveness of the intervention group were improved(86.03％,82.19％,85.63％,70.45％ 76.11％ and 88.46％,respectively.Drinking,dietary structure,overweight and physical exercises of the intervention group were also improved(14.17％,15.79％,70.65％ and 68.83％,respectively; all P＜0.001).Conclusion The KAPbased health management is proved to be effective in the control of community diabetic patients.

Organic anion and cation transporters are possibly involved in renal excretion of entecavir in rats.

AIMS: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of transporters in the renal excretion of entecavir. MAIN METHODS: We analyzed the effect of probenecid, cimetidine, sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP), verapamil, inhibitors of organic anion transporter (OAT), organic cation transporter (OCT), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and P-glycoprotein respectively, on the excretion of entecavir. The area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), body clearance, and renal clearance of entecavir was examined in each group. KEY FINDINGS: After intravenous coadministration with entecavir in conscious rats, cimetidine, probenecid, BSP and verapamil significantly increased the AUC of entecavir by 40.07%, 48.78%, 37.49%, and 54.58%, and reduced the body clearance by 27.14%, 31.69%, 29.79%, and 42.17%, respectively. Then the effects of these inhibitors on the renal clearance of entecavir in unconscious rats were studied. Coadministration of cimetidine and probenecid increased the steady plasma concentration of entecavir by 127.61% and 169.46%, reduced the renal clearance by 50.47% and 67.76%, and decreased the excretion ratio by 44.81% and 64.16% compared to initial values. However, the effects of BSP and verapamil were slight. Cimetidine and probenecid also increased the concentration of entecavir in kidney from 34.00±0.80ng/mL to 55.19±4.92ng/mL and 49.92±1.53ng/mL, while the concentration of entecavir in kidney from BSP and verapamil groups was 30.96±0.81ng/mL and 35.72±7.30ng/mL, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that cimetidine and probenecid inhibit the renal excretion of entecavir in rats, which indicates the most likely involvement of organic anion and cation transporters in the renal excretion of entecavir.

Prediction of the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction of pravastatin and pitavastatin with cyclosporine by a digital liver model based on metabolism and transporter / 药学学报

Information of metabolic enzymes and transporters, physiological parameters of animals and demography of Chinese people were integrated to establish a digital liver model (DLM) based on metabolism and transporter and coded with VBA. Clearance and drug-drug interaction (DDI) of candidate drugs in animal and human could be predicted based on the pharmacokinetic data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Pravastatin and pitavastatin were selected as the samples to examine this model, where their clearance and their DDI with cyclosporine were predicted. The results showed that the predicted values of median parameters in same species were within twofold of observed values for 83.3% (5/6). The program's successful prediction in DDI tendency might indicate its application in optimizing the dosage regimen and reducing the risk of clinical trial.