Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone correlates to all-cause mortality in euthyroid individuals with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association between central sensitivity to thyroid hormones and all-cause mortality in euthyroid patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: ​Data on thyroid function indicators and all-cause mortality for CKD patients were extracted from the NHANES database (2007-2012). Central sensitivities to thyroid hormones were mainly evaluated by Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI). The Kaplan-Meier method, Cox proportional hazards regression model and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the potential associations between thyroid hormone sensitivity and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1303 euthyroid CKD patients were enrolled in this study. After a median follow-up of 115 months, 503 participants died. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significant variations in survival rates among different levels of TFQI (P = 0.0015). Cox regression analysis showed that increased levels of TFQI were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality after adjusting for multiple confounding factors (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.10-1.79, P = 0.007). Subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant variation in the association between TFQI and all-cause mortality between the subgroups assessed (P for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity might be linked to increased mortality in euthyroid CKD patients. Further research is needed to confirm and explore this association.

The cluster D-trace loss for differential network analysis.

A growing literature suggests that gene expression can be greatly altered in disease conditions, and identifying those changes will improve the understanding of complex diseases such as cancers or diabetes. A prevailing direction in the analysis of gene expression studies the changes in gene pathways which include sets of related genes. Therefore, introducing structured exploration to differential analysis of gene expression networks may lead to meaningful discoveries. The topic of this paper is differential network analysis, which focuses on capturing the differences between two or more precision matrices. We discuss the connection between the thresholding method and the D-trace loss method on differential network analysis in the case that the precision matrices share the common connected components. Based on this connection, we further propose the cluster D-trace loss method which directly estimates the differential network and achieves model selection consistency. Simulation studies demonstrate its improved performance and computational efficiency. Finally, the usefulness of our proposed estimator is demonstrated by a real-data analysis on non-small cell lung cancer.

Evaluation of pre-school pertussis booster vaccination in Shanghai, China: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, notified pertussis cases have been increasingly documented in China. It raised a new public health concern of potential optimization in immunization strategy. This study was aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of different immunization strategies against pertussis-containing vaccines for 6-year-old pre-school children in Shanghai. METHODS: A Markov-decision tree model was applied to evaluate two pertussis immunization strategies for 6-year-old pre-school children as following: (1) 1 dose of acellular pertussis (aP) contained vaccine (DTaP or Tdap) booster vaccinated at 6 years of age, and (2) no booster at 6 years of age regimen. Primary outcomes included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-utility ratios (ICUR). Sensitivity analyses were performed. The analysis was conducted over a study period of 14 years from a societal perspective. RESULTS: Compared to no booster immunization strategy, administering 1 dose of acellular pertussis (aP) contained vaccine (DTaP or Tdap) booster at 6 years of age, resulted in an average cost reduction of CNY 814.16 (USD 116) per individual, an increase in QALYs by 0.00066, and a rise in per capita net monetary benefit (NMB) by CNY 933.51 (USD 132). The total costs over the study period were reduced by CNY 160.59 million (USD 23 million), utility increased by 130.49 QALYs, and NMB increased by CNY 184.14 million (USD 26 million). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing acellular pertussis booster immunization for 6-year-old pre-school children in Shanghai emerges as a cost-saving immunization strategy, with both cost savings and utility gains.

Scanning Plasmon-Enhanced Microscopy for Simultaneous Optoelectrical Characterization.

Scanning microscopy methods are crucial for the advancement of nanoelectronics. However, the vertical nanoprobes in such techniques suffer limitations such as the fragility at the tip-sample interface, complex instrumentation, and the lack of in operando functionality in several cases. Here, we introduce scanning plasmon-enhanced microscopy (SPEM) and demonstrate its capabilities on MoS2 and WSe2 nanosheets. SPEM combines a nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) configuration with a portable conductive cantilever, enabling simultaneous optical and electrical characterization. This distinguishes it from other current techniques that cannot provide both characterizations simultaneously. It offers a competitive optical resolution of 600 nm with local enhancement of optical signal up to 20,000 times. A single gold nanoparticle with a 15 nm radius forms pristine, nondamaging van der Waals contact, which allows observation of unexpected p-type behavior of MoS2 at the nanoscale. SPEM reconstructs the NPoM method by eliminating the need for extensive statistical analysis and offering excellent nanoscale mapping resolution of any selected region. It surpasses other scanning techniques in combining precise optical and electrical characterization, interactive simplicity, tip durability, and reproducibility, positioning it as the optimal tool for advancing nanoelectronics.

tRNA modification profiling reveals epitranscriptome regulatory networks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications have emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression affecting diverse biological and disease processes. While there is extensive knowledge about the enzymes installing the dozens of post-transcriptional tRNA modifications - the tRNA epitranscriptome - very little is known about how metabolic, signaling, and other networks integrate to regulate tRNA modification levels. Here we took a comprehensive first step at understanding epitranscriptome regulatory networks by developing a high-throughput tRNA isolation and mass spectrometry-based modification profiling platform and applying it to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa transposon insertion mutant library comprising 5,746 strains. Analysis of >200,000 tRNA modification data points validated the annotations of predicted tRNA modification genes, uncovered novel tRNA-modifying enzymes, and revealed tRNA modification regulatory networks in P. aeruginosa. Platform adaptation for RNA-seq library preparation would complement epitranscriptome studies, while application to human cell and mouse tissue demonstrates its utility for biomarker and drug discovery and development.

Electromechanical Performances of Polyvinyl Chloride Gels Using (Polyvinyl Chloride-Co-Vinyl Acetate) (P(VC-VA)) Synergistic Plasticization.

The current polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel flexible actuators are facing challenges of high input voltage and an insufficient elastic modulus. In this study, we conducted a detailed study on the properties of PVC gel prepared by introducing the modifier polyvinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (P(VC-VA)). We compared a modified PVC gel with the traditional one in terms of the relative dielectric constant, mechanical modulus, and electromechanical actuation performance. Experimental results demonstrated that the introduction of P(VC-VA) enhanced the dielectric constant and reduced the driving electric field strength of PVC gels. The dielectric constant increased from 4.77 to 7.3. The electromechanical actuation performance increased by 150%. We employed the Gent model to fit the experimental results, and the actual experimental data aligned well with the expectations of the Gent model. The research results show that this type of plasticizing method effectively balanced the mechanical and electrical performance of PVC gels. This study summarizes the experimental results and performance analysis of PVC gels prepared using innovative plasticization methods, revealing the potential engineering applications of polymeric gels.

Acquired immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac.

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has affected the whole world. Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has been reported after administration of mRNA- or adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccines, including Ad26.COV2-S, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 nCov-19. However, whether inactivated vaccines, such as CoronaVac, could cause TTP and whether the symptoms in TTPs caused by inactivated vaccines are different from previously reported cases are unknown. In this study, two cases were reported. Both cases developed TTP after the second CoronaVac vaccination shot, but not the first. They demonstrated symptoms of fever, neurological abnormalities, renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, and hemolysis. Both patients achieved complete remission through several sessions of plasma exchanges and immune suppression. The incidence of TTP in Nanjing area was analyzed. The number of patients with TTP was 12 in 2019, 6 in 2020, 16 in 2021, and 19 in 2022. To the authors' knowledge, this report is the first report of TTP associated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac). The rarity and delayed onset may be due to the relatively milder immune response caused by the inactivated vaccines than mRNA-based ones. Timely plasma exchange is a vital treatment for CoronaVac-related TTP, similar to activated vaccine-related TTP.

To further incorporate computer-aided designs to improve preoperative planning in total hip arthroplasty: a cohort study.

Background: Hip replacement surgeries are increasing in demand, requiring rigorous improvements to a mature surgical protocol. Postoperative patient dissatisfaction mainly stems from postoperative complications resulting from the inappropriate selection of prostheses to meet the needs of each patient. This results in prosthesis loosening, hospital-related fractures, and postoperative complex pain, which can all be attributed to inappropriate sizing. In this study, we aimed to further explore the intraoperative and postoperative benefits of incorporating computer-aided design (CAD) in preoperative planning for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: A total of 62 patients requiring total hip replacement surgery from January 2021 to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into a preoperative computer-aided simulated group and a conventional x-ray interpretation group. The accuracy of implant size selection (femoral and acetabular implant) between the preoperative planning and surgical procedure of the two groups was compared. Patient parameters, perioperative Harris hip scores, operative time (skin-to-skin time), surgical blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were recorded, and the differences between the two groups were statistically compared using a single sample t-test. Results: All patients in the study were successfully operated on and achieved good postoperative functional recovery. With CAD, the selection of the most suitable-sized prosthesis was significantly more accurate compared to the control group (accuracy of the acetabular component between the CAD/control: 80.6%/61.3%, and accuracy of the femoral component: 83.9%/67.7%). Intraoperative blood loss (177.4/231.0 ml, P = 0.002), operation time (84.2 ± 19.8 min/100.3 ± 25.9 min, P = 0.008), duration of hospital stay (6.5 ± 3/9.1 ± 3.9 days, P = 0.003), and postoperative Harris hip score (81.9 ± 6.5/74.7 ± 11.1, P = 0.003) were compared to the control group and showed statistical significance. Conclusion: Incorporating CAD into the preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty can effectively guide the selection of the most suitable-sized prosthesis, reduce intraoperative blood loss, and promote short-term functional recovery after THA.

Class â ¡ ferroptosis inducers are a novel therapeutic approach for t(4;14)-positive multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy characterized by genetic heterogeneity. The cytogenetic abnormality t(4;14) strongly predicts poor outcome in MM patients even in the era of novel drugs. Ferroptosis is a new approach to antitumor therapy, but the relationship between ferroptosis and MM cytogenetic abnormalities remains largely unclear. Here, we show that t(4;14)-positive but not t(4;14)-negative MM cells are susceptible to class II ferroptosis inducers (FINs) in a preclinical setting, which is dependent on the significant upregulation of the MM SET domain-containing protein (MMSET). Mechanistically, MMSET upregulates acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) transcription by binding to its promoter region, leading to increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and enhanced sensitivity of t(4;14)-positive MM to ferroptosis. Supplementation of PUFAs efficiently restores ferroptosis susceptibility of t(4;14)-negative MM. In addition, combination treatment of class II FINs and bortezomib in t(4;14)-positive MM attenuates cellular glutathione and induces both apoptosis and ferroptosis levels by inhibiting the increase of solute carrier family 7 member 11, demonstrating synergistic anti-tumor activity in vitro and in a xenograft model. Taken together, our findings suggest that targeting ferroptosis with class II FINs is a novel and promising therapeutic approach to improve the outcome of t(4;14)-positive MM.

Reconstruction of Defects After Oral Cancer Surgery With the Superior Thyroid Artery Perforator Flap.

OBJECTIVE: The superior thyroid artery perforator flap (STAPF) was previously presented as a type of locoregional pedicled flap for lateral facial and temple defects. In this study, we aimed to present our clinical experience with this flap for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects after oral cancer surgery. METHODS: From February 2019 to December 2022, 24 patients with oral cancers at the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University were included. Among these patients, 10 had cancers located in the tongue, five in the cheek inside the oral cavity, three in the lower gingiva, two in the upper gingiva, two in the floor of the mouth, and two in the palate. All patients were treated with extended tumor resection, neck dissection, and STAPFs to reconstruct the soft tissue defects. The details of the flap, including the flap size, venous flow, vascular pedicle length, the attatched muscle, and operation time were evaluated. RESULTS: The dimensions of the flap skin paddle ranged from 3 cm × 5 cm to 6 × 14 cm. Fourteen patients had a closely concomitant superior thyroid vein perforator. Ten patients had non-closely concomitant superior thyroid veins perforators which retrograde external jugular vein. The vascular pedicle length ranged from 5 to 9 cm. The infrahyoid muscle group or sternocleidomastoid muscle was included in the flaps in three patients. A total of 23/24 flaps were successful. CONCLUSIONS: The STAPF is a viable reconstructive option for patients with oral cancers. It has the advantages of being robust, being thin, short operation time, and minor donor site complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Close Intimacy between PtIn Clusters and Zeolite Channels for Ultrastability toward Propane Dehydrogenation.

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) serves as a pivotal intentional technique to produce propylene. The stability of PDH catalysts is generally restricted by the readsorption of propylene which can subsequently undergo side reactions for coke formation. Herein, we demonstrate an ultrastable PDH catalyst by encapsulating PtIn clusters within silicalite-1 which serves as an efficient promoter for olefin desorption. The mean lifetime of PtIn@S-1 (S-1, silicalite-1) was calculated as 37317 h with high propylene selectivity of >97% at 580 °C with a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 4.7 h-1. With an ultrahigh WHSV of 1128 h-1, which pushed the catalyst away from the equilibrium conversion to 13.3%, PtIn@S-1 substantially outperformed other reported PDH catalysts in terms of mean lifetime (32058 h), reaction rates (3.42 molpropylene gcat-1 h-1 and 341.90 molpropylene gPt-1 h-1), and total turnover number (14387.30 kgpropylene gcat-1). The developed catalyst is likely to lead the way to scalable PDH applications.

A trait-based root acquisition-defence-decomposition framework in angiosperm tree species.

To adapt to the complex belowground environment, plants make trade-offs between root resource acquisition and defence ability. This includes forming partnerships with different types of root associating microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi. These trade-offs, by mediating root chemistry, exert legacy effects on nutrient release during decomposition, which may, in turn, affect the ability of new roots to re-acquire resources, thereby generating a feedback loop. However, the linkages at the basis of this potential feedback loop remain largely unquantified. Here, we propose a trait-based root 'acquisition-defence-decomposition' conceptual framework and test the strength of relevant linkages across 90 angiosperm tree species. We show that, at the plant species level, the root-fungal symbiosis gradient within the root economics space, root chemical defence (condensed tannins), and root decomposition rate are closely linked, providing support to this framework. Beyond the dichotomy between arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated versus ectomycorrhizal-dominated systems, we suggest a continuous shift in feedback loops, from 'high arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis-low defence-fast decomposition-inorganic nutrition' by evolutionarily ancient taxa to 'high ectomycorrhizal symbiosis-high defence-slow decomposition-organic nutrition' by more modern taxa. This 'acquisition-defence-decomposition' framework provides a foundation for testable hypotheses on multidimensional linkages between species' belowground strategies and ecosystem nutrient cycling in an evolutionary context.

An antiferromagnetic spin phase change memory.

The electrical outputs of single-layer antiferromagnetic memory devices relying on the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect are typically rather small at room temperature. Here we report a new type of antiferromagnetic memory based on the spin phase change in a Mn-Ir binary intermetallic thin film at a composition within the phase boundary between its collinear and noncollinear phases. Via a small piezoelectric strain, the spin structure of this composition-boundary metal is reversibly interconverted, leading to a large nonvolatile room-temperature resistance modulation that is two orders of magnitude greater than the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect for a metal, mimicking the well-established phase change memory from a quantum spin degree of freedom. In addition, this antiferromagnetic spin phase change memory exhibits remarkable time and temperature stabilities, and is robust in a magnetic field high up to 60 T.

Actigraph-based quantification of sleep in children with dystonia undergoing deep brain stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: Dystonia is among the most common pediatric movement disorders and can manifest with a range of debilitating symptoms, including sleep disruptions. The duration and quality of sleep are strongly associated with quality of life in these individuals and could serve as biomarkers of dystonia severity and the efficacy of interventions such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). Thus, this study investigated sleep duration and its relationship to disease severity and DBS response in pediatric dystonia. METHODS: Actigraphs (wearable three-axis accelerometers) were used to record multiday sleep data in 22 children with dystonia, including 6 patients before and after DBS implantation, and age- and sex- matched healthy controls. Data were preprocessed, and metrics of sleep duration and quality were extracted. Repeated-measures statistical analyses were used. RESULTS: Children with dystonia slept less than typically developing children (p = 0.009), and shorter sleep duration showed trending correlation with worse dystonia severity (r = -0.421, p = 0.073). Of 4 patients who underwent DBS and had good-quality data, 1 demonstrated significantly improved sleep (p < 0.001) postoperatively. Reduction in dystonia severity strongly correlated with increased sleep duration after DBS implantation (r = -0.965, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disturbances are an underrecognized marker of pediatric dystonia severity, as well as the effectiveness of interventions such as DBS. They can serve as objective biomarkers of disease burden and symptom progression after treatment.

Constructing high axiality mononuclear dysprosium molecular magnets via a regulation-of-co-ligands strategy.

Two lanthanide complexes with formulae [DyIII(LN5)(pentafluoro-PhO)3] (1) and [DyIII(LN5)(2,6-difluoro-PhO)2](BPh4) (2) (LN5 = 2,14-dimethyl-3,6,10,13,19-pentaazabicyclo[13.3.1]nonadecal (19),2,13,15,17-pentaene) were structurally and magnetically characterized. DyIII ions lie in the cavity of a five coordinate nitrogen macrocycle, and in combination with the introduction of multi-fluorinated monodentate phenoxyl coligands a high axiality coordination symmetry is built. Using the pentafluorophenol co-ligand, complex 1 with a D2d coordination environment, is obtained and displays moderate single-molecule magnets (SMMs) behavior. When difluorophenol co-ligands were used, a higher local axisymmetric pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometry was observed in complex 2, which displays apparent slow magnetic relaxation behavior with a hysteresis temperature of up to 5 K. Further magnetic studies of diluted samples combined with ab initio calculations indicate that the high axiality plays a crucial role in suppressing quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) and consequently results in good slow magnetic relaxation behavior. Different fluoro-substituted phenoxyl co-ligands have phenoloxy oxygen atoms with different electrostatic potentials as well as a different number of phenoloxy coligands along the magnetic axis, resulting in different ligand field strengths and coordination symmetries.

Salvianolic acid B alleviates autoimmunity in Treg-deficient mice via inhibiting IL2-STAT5 signaling.

Regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency leads to immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, which is a CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmune disease in both humans and mice. Despite understanding the molecular and cellular characteristics of IPEX syndrome, new treatment options have remained elusive. Here, we hypothesized that salvianolic acid B (Sal B), one of the main active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza, can protect against immune disorders induced by Treg deficiency. To examine whether Sal B can inhibit Treg deficiency-induced autoimmunity, Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice with a mutation in forkhead box protein 3 were treated with different doses of Sal B. Immune cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokines were evaluated by flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Kits, respectively. Moreover, RNA sequencing, western blot, and real-time PCR were adopted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of Sal B. Sal B prolonged lifespan and reduced inflammation in the liver and lung of SF mice. Moreover, Sal B decreased plasma levels of several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α, and IL-6, in SF mice. By analyzing the transcriptomics of livers, we determined the signaling pathways, especially the IL-2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling pathway, which were associated with Treg deficiency-induced autoimmunity. Remarkably, Sal B reversed the expression of gene signatures related to the IL-2-STAT5 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Sal B prolongs survival and inhibits lethal inflammation in SF mice through the IL-2-STAT5 axis. Our findings may inspire novel drug discovery efforts aimed at treating IPEX syndrome.

Recycling of sludge residue as a coagulant for phosphorus removal from aqueous solutions.

Phosphorus pollution poses a significant challenge in addressing water contamination. The coagulant is one of the effective methods to remove phosphorus from wastewater. Abundant Al and Fe oxides in sludge residue make it have great potential to synthesize water treatment coagulants. However, the utilization of sludge residue for preparation of coagulant was seldom investigated. In this study, we fabricated a novel coagulant, polyaluminum ferric chloride (SM-PAC), using sludge residue as a raw material through acid leaching and polymerization processes. Characterization results confirm that the parameters of SM-PAC meet the specifications outlined in the national standard (GB/T 22627-2022). We investigated the effects of pH, dosage, initial phosphorus concentration, and contact time on the removal efficiency of SM-PAC. As anticipated, the prepared SM-PAC exhibited a significant efficacy in removing phosphorus, meeting the discharge standards set for municipal sewage. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics analysis suggests that the predominant mode of phosphorus adsorption on SM-PAC is chemical adsorption. Furthermore, the SM-PAC was employed in the actual wastewater treatment plant and exhibited excellent efficiency in phosphorus removal. The utilization of SM-PAC can not only effectively address the issue of sludge disposal but also achieve the goal of "treating waste with waste." It is expected that the proposed method of reusing sludge residue as a resource can provide a sustainable way to synthesize a coagulant for phosphorus removal.

Short-Term Supraorbital Nerve Stimulation and Pain Relief for Acute and Subacute Ophthalmic Herpetic Neuralgia: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a kind of refractory disease, and treating it is important for preventing postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). But the evidence surrounding the current treatment options for these conditions is controversial, so exploring reasonable clinical treatment strategies for HZO is necessary. Neuromodulation is an excellent modality for the treatment of various neuropathic pain conditions. This trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term supraorbital nerve stimulation (SNS) and the supraorbital nerve block (SNB) for HZO. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether short-term SNS relieves acute and subacute ophthalmic herpetic neuralgia. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective randomized controlled crossover trial compared short-term SNS to SNB. SETTING: The operating room of a pain clinic. METHODS: Patients with acute or subacute ophthalmic herpetic neuralgia were recruited. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either SNS or SNB. The primary outcome being measured was each patient's Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score at 4 weeks. The secondary outcomes under measurement were the proportion of patients who achieved ≥ 50% pain relief, sleep quality, medicine consumption, and adverse events. Crossover after 4 weeks was permitted, and patients were followed up to 12 weeks. RESULTS: Overall, 50 patients were included (n = 25/group). At 4 weeks, the patients who received SNS achieved greater pain relief, as indicated by their significantly different VAS scores from those of the SNB group (mean difference: -1.4 [95% CI, -2.29 to -0.51], P < 0.05). Both groups showed a significant decrease in pain level from the baseline (all P < 0.05). Overall, 72% and 44% of the SNS and SNB patients experienced ≥ 50% pain relief, respectively (OR: 0.31 [95% CI, 0.09 to 0.99], P < 0.05), and 68% and 32% of SNS and SNB patients, respectively, had VAS scores < 3 (OR: 0.22 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.73], P < 0.05). Compared to the SNB group, the SNS group had better sleep quality, lower ophthalmic neuralgia, a lower proportion of further treatment, and lower analgesic intake. Overall, 18 patients received SNS alone, and 16 patients crossed over from SNB to SNS. The VAS scores, sleep quality, ophthalmic neuralgia, and trend of medicine intake were not significantly different between the groups (all P > 0.05). No serious complications occurred. LIMITATIONS: This study was nonblind. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term SNS is effective for controlling acute or subacute ophthalmic herpetic neuralgia. Combining SNS with SNB yields no additional benefits.

Application of retaining the vessels around the orbicularis oculi muscle in blepharoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of retaining the vessels around the orbicularis oculi muscle on reducing local swelling after blepharoplasty. METHODS: A total of 309 patients undergoing blepharoplasty (total incision) were observed and randomly assigned to three groups; (A) conventional operation; (B) preservation of deep vessels; (C) preservation of anterior vessels of orbicularis oculi muscle. The groups were compared based on intraoperative blood loss, operation time, swelling, satisfaction, and complications. RESULTS: Among the 309 patients, 39 were lost to follow-up. c Additionally, A had the shortest operation time, followed by C with slightly longer duration. On the 7th day, 15th day, and 1 month after surgery, both B and C demonstrated significantly lower levels of swelling compared to A. Moreover, patient satisfaction was higher in B and C than in A. CONCLUSION: Retaining either superficial or deep veins of the orbicularis oculi muscle can effectively reduce short-term postoperative swelling. However, when retaining the superficial central group of this muscle during surgery, it is crucial to strictly control the amount of surrounding tissue around vessels.

Serum metabolomics analyses reveal biomarkers of osteoporosis and the mechanism of Quanduzhong capsules.

With the aging of the population, the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) is rising rapidly, making it an important public health concern. Early screening and effective treatment of OP are the primary challenges facing the management of OP today. Quanduzhong capsule (QDZ) is a single preparation composed of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., which is included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. It is used to treat OP in clinical practice, but its mechanisms are unclear. This study involved 30 patients with OP, 30 healthy controls (HC), and 28 OP patients treated with QDZ to identify potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of OP and to investigate the potential mechanism of QDZ in treating OP. The serum samples were analyzed using targeted amino acid metabolomics. Significant differences in amino acid metabolism were identified between the OP cohort and the HC group, as well as between OP patients before and after QDZ treatment. Compared with HC, the serum levels of 14 amino acids in OP patients changed significantly. Kynurenine, arginine, citrulline, methionine, and their combinations are expected to be potential biomarkers for OP diagnosis. Notably, QDZ reversed the changes in levels of 10 amino acids in the serum of OP patients and significantly impacted numerous metabolic pathways during the treatment of OP. This study focuses on screening potential biomarkers for the early detection of OP, which offers a new insight into the mechanism study of QDZ in treating OP.