RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mirasol pathogen reduction technology (PRT) treatment inactivates bacteria, viruses, and parasites in plasma products and platelets (PLTs) suspended in plasma and PLT additive solutions (PAS). Few clinical studies exist documenting transfusions with PAS. This study objective was to evaluate the count increments of PRT-treated PAS-C and PAS-E buffy coat (BC) PLTs in routine use observational settings. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PLT pools of five or six BCs were collected, processed, and suspended in PAS-C or PAS-E, respectively. Products were exposed to ultraviolet light in the presence of riboflavin and then transfused into 19 patients with hematologic diseases. Patients were monitored for PLT corrected count increment (CCI) at 1 and 24 hours and for any adverse events in the 72 hours after transfusion. Sterility monitoring was performed with a microbial detection system (BacT/ALERT, bioMérieux). RESULTS: The PAS-E products had significantly higher PLT concentrations and counts than the PAS-C products. The mean CCIs of per-protocol (PP) units at 1 and 24 hours were 11,900 (n=27) and 5500 (n=30), respectively. Seventy-eight percent of PP transfusions classify as successful with CCIs at 1 hour of higher than 7500, and 63% higher than 4500 at 24 hours. One patient was excluded from all analyses as she was refractory to Mirasol-treated PLT transfusions and follow-up untreated transfusion products. No adverse events were observed and no contaminated products were detected by BacT/ALERT. CONCLUSION: PRT-treated BC PLTs in PAS-C or PAS-E demonstrate PLT transfusion success rates in hematology patients with thrombocytopenia that are comparable to previous studies examining PLTs stored in plasma.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de la Sangre , Desinfección/métodos , Enfermedades Hematológicas , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Transfusión de Plaquetas , Riboflavina/farmacología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedades Hematológicas/sangre , Enfermedades Hematológicas/terapia , Humanos , Soluciones Isotónicas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Plaquetas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
El presente artículo evidencia avances teóricos y empíricos respecto al análisis deldesempleo juvenil, subrayando en materia teórica argumentos relacionados con las causas de estefenómeno, tales como la dinámica poblacional juvenil, el desempleo estructural y las condicionessocioeconómicas de los países; las consecuencias, como los bajos ingresos, la exclusión social yel desarrollo de actividades delictivas, efectos que pueden prolongarse por más de diez años. Y enmateria metodológica, diferencias conceptuales para definir a un individuo joven, que varían depaís a país, y dependen de instituciones nacionales encargadas de la información estadística, y enalgunos casos, de las mismas condiciones económicas de los países.
Asunto(s)
Educación , DesempleoRESUMEN
El trabajo infantil constituye una problemática compleja que tiene importantes repercusiones en las reservas de capital humano, en la salud de los niños y niñas, y en la persistencia de la pobreza. Nuestro principal objetivo en este artículo es dilucidar sus determinantes en la ciudad de Cartagena a través de la estimación de un modelo probit bivariado, con el cual analizamos conjuntamente las decisiones de trabajo y de asistencia escolar. Los resultados muestran que el trabajo infantil y la asistencia escolar son actividades excluyentes, siendo los determinantes más robustos de estas decisiones la educación del jefe de hogar, y la pobreza. Entre otros determinantes se encuentran las restricciones crediticias, la proximidad física a las escuelas y la tasa de ocupación de las personas adulta.
O trabalho infantil constitui uma problemática complexa que tem importantes repercussões nas reservas de capital humano, na saúde dos meninos e meninas, e na persistência da pobreza. Nosso principal objetivo neste artigo é identificar seus determinantes na cidade de Cartagena mediante da estimação de um modelo probit bivariado, com o qual analisamos conjuntamente as decisões de trabalho e de assistência escolar. Os resultados mostram que o trabalho infantil e a assistência escolar são atividades excludentes, sendo os determinantes mais robustos destas decisões a educação do chefe de lar, e a pobreza. Entre outros determinantes encontram-se as restrições creditícias, a proximidade física às escolas e a taxa de ocupação das pessoas adultas.
Child labor is a complex issue with crucial consequences in human capital reserve, children´s health and persistence of poverty. The main aim of this article is to elucidate its determinants in Cartagena through the estimation of a bivariate probit model, which allows analyzing joint decision of schooling attendance and child labor. The findings show that schooling attendance and child labor are exclusives, being the most important determinants the education of the head of household and poverty. Among other determinants they were found credit restrictions, proximity to schools and the occupancy rate of the adults.
