Evaluation of Compost and Manure Amendments for Suppressing Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952.

Soybean cyst nematode is a major pest of soybean crops, causing significant yield losses and economic impact. Current management strategies primarily rely on resistant varieties, cover crops, and seed treatments. However, there is a growing interest in developing sustainable, ecologically based approaches to integrate SCN risk reduction into soybean production systems. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various compost and manure amendments in suppressing SCN populations and promoting soybean productivity. An in vitro egg hatching assay was conducted to screen the inhibitory effects of different compost and manure extracts on SCN egg hatching. Results indicated that poultry manure, Layer Ash Blend®, and swine manure extracts significantly inhibited SCN hatching compared to other treatments across multiple time points. Greenhouse trials further validated the effectiveness of Layer Manure®, poultry manure, High Carbon Dairy Doo®, and Seed Starter 101® in suppressing SCN cysts, eggs, and juveniles. A field microplot trial confirmed the practical promise of Layer Ash Blend® and poultry manure in SCN management, with significant reductions in SCN populations and increased soybean yields. The study also investigated the impact of these amendments on promoting the population of bacterivorous and frugivorous nematodes, contributing to a biological diverse soil ecosystem. Overall, the results indicate that amending SCN-infested soil with specific compost or manure formulations can effectively suppress nematode populations while improving soybean productivity. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable strategies for SCN management in soybean production systems.

Exercise Improves Clinical Symptoms, Pathological Changes and Oxidative/Antioxidative Balance in Animal Model of Colitis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is one of the major phenotypic forms of inflammatory bowel diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of force swimming exercise on clinical symptoms (disease activity index; DAI), colon histopathology, inflammation and fibrosis, and oxidant/antioxidant balance in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Methods: Male C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6 each): control, exercise, colitis, colitis + sulfasalazine, and colitis + exercise. Exercise was performed by forced swimming six weeks before and during the experiment. Colitis was induced by 1.5% DSS in drinking water. The animals were evaluated for body weight changes and DAI (including changes of body weight, stool consistency, rectal bleeding, and prolapse) during the induction of colitis and treatment. At the end of experiment, colons and spleens were evaluated by H and E and Masson Trichrome stainings. Oxidant (Malon dialdehyde; MDA), and antioxidant markers [total thiol groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity] were also measured in colon tissue. Results: Results indicated that exercise in colitis mice significantly improved DAI, colon length, spleen weight, and histological injury score and alleviated fibrotic changes in colon tissue that were comparable to sulfasalazine group. Exercise also restored the oxidant/antioxidant balance in colitis mice by reducing MDA and increasing antioxidative markers including total thiol groups, SOD, and catalase activity. Conclusions: Taken together, aerobic exercise could improve clinical symptoms and colonic inflammation through, at least, the balancing the oxidative stress markers. Thus, it can be considered in management of colitis patients as effective method.

The national health program for vitamin D supplementation in a developing country.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported a high frequency of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among different age groups in Iran. AIMS: In this study, the current coverage, status of vitamin D supplement taking, and program efficacy have been evaluated by the Office of Nutrition Department Society in Iran since 2014. METHODS: This study was conducted in collaboration with the International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition and the Office of Nutrition Department Society. Sixty three medical universities were included in the current study to calculate the availability, accessibility and acceptability coverages. Furthermore, 3 medical universities including Mashhad (MUMS), Qom (QUMS) and Zahedan (ZAUMS) University of Medical Sciences were selected based on the results of the National Integrated Micronutrient Survey 2012 (NIMS-II study), in order to assess the status of vitamin D supplement intake in all age ranges. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis showed that availability coverage was 74.96% and 77.56% and accessibility was 80.70% and 83.26% in elderly and middle-aged subjects, respectively in 2018. The acceptability was approximately 43.7% and 43.9% among elderly and middle-aged participants, respectively. The availability and acceptability coverage was 80.99% and 85.0% among students in high schools. The mean vitamin D supplement uptake frequency was 27.0% (n = 387); 20.7% and 29.2% in rural and urban area, respectively (P = 0.001). The results showed that there was no significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between urban (20.41 ± 6.43 ng/ml) and rural areas, (P = 0.887). There was no significant difference in the serum vitamin D concentrations between men and women (P = 0.461). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of taking vitamin D supplements was 27.0% in Iran in 2018. The frequency of taking of vitamin D supplements among vitamin D deficient group (serum vitamin D levels <19.99 ng/ml) was 43.6%. Lack of knowledge was the most important reason for not taking vitamin D supplement. Moreover, the serum vitamin D levels have increased in subjects aged 18-30 years old after the implementation of the vitamin D supplementary program.

Proposing a new model for location - routing problem of perishable raw material suppliers with using meta-heuristic algorithms.

In the last three decades, an integrated approach to optimize logistics system is considered as one of the most important aspects of optimizing supply chain management. This approach involves the ties between locations of facility, allocation of suppliers/customers, structure of transportation routes and inventory control. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ordering planning of a supply chain with multi supplier, multi distribution center, multi customer and one perishable raw material. This paper provides a mathematical model taking in consideration the limitation of raw material corruptibility (perishable material) which belongs to the category of NP-hard problems. To solve the proposed model, the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) are employed. In order to improve performances of ACO and PSO parameters, a Taguchi experimental design method was applied to set their proper values. Besides, to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, an example of the dairy industry is analyzed by using MATLAB R 2015a. To validate the proposed meta-heuristic algorithms, the results of them were compared with together. The results of the comparison show that ACO is greater than PSO in speed convergence rate and the number of solutions iterations.

Discopersicus n. gen., a New Member of the Family Tylenchidae Örley, 1880 with Detailed SEM Study on Two Known Species of the Genus Discotylenchus Siddiqi, 1980 (Nematoda; Tylenchidae) from Iran.

Discopersicus iranicus n. gen., n. comb., previously described from Iran as a new species under the genus Discotylenchus, is illustrated using light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and further studied using molecular characters. SEM studies revealed the newly proposed genus has oblique amphidial apertures on the lateral sides of the lip region. SEM images are also provided for two species of Discotylenchus, namely D. discretus and D. brevicaudatus, as the first SEM study of the genus. These results confirmed longitudinal amphidial aperture type on lateral sides of the lip region in genus Discotylenchus, as noted by Siddiqi while erecting the genus with D. discretus as the type species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using partial small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences revealed the affinity of the genus Discopersicus n. gen. with members of the subfamily Boleodorinae, as supported by morphological characters (mainly, the oblique amphidial opening).

Predicting protein structural classes based on complex networks and recurrence analysis.

Protein sequences are divided into four structural classes. The determination of class is a challenging and beneficial task in the bioinformatics field. Several methods have been proposed to this end, but most utilize too many features and produce unsuitable results. In the present, features are extracted based on the predicted secondary structures. At first, predicted secondary structure sequences are mapped into two time series by the chaos game representation. Then, a recurrence matrix is calculated from each of the time series. The recurrence matrix is identified with the adjacency matrix of a complex network and measures are applied for the characterization of complex networks to these recurrence matrixes. For a given protein sequence, a total of 24 characteristic features can be calculated and these are fed into Fisher's discriminated analysis algorithm for classification. To examine the proposed method, two widely used low similarity benchmark datasets design and test its performance. A comparison with the results of existing methods shows that the current study's approach provides a satisfactory performance for protein structural class prediction.

Description of Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerularioidea) from Iran and its phylogenetic relationships.

Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. The new genus is characterized by its smooth outer and annulated inner cuticle, having two incisures in lateral field, lacking stylet knobs, having pyriform terminal bulb with stem-like extension projecting into the intestine and lacking of bursa in male. The new genus belongs to the family Paurodontidae. It most closely resembles the genera Paurodontoides and Paurodontus, but has affinities based on male characters with Gymnotylenchus of the family Neotylenchidae too. From Paurodontoides, it differs by the absence of stylet knobs and having six sectors in the head framework. Compared to Paurodontus, the new genus differs by the absence of stylet knobs, structure of the pharynx and absence of a bursa in male. It differs from Gymnotylenchus mainly by lacking of stylet knobs, presence of a basal pharyngeal bulb with an extension into the intestine and in the structure of the spicules. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new genus using 706 bp partial sequences of the 28S rDNA D2/D3 segment revealed it forming a clade with two species of Sphaerularia in both Bayesian Inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses with 1.00 Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and 0.96 bootstrap support values (BS). Using 942 bp partial sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA gene, the new genus formed a clade with a species of Deladenus with 0.86 BPP and 0.62 BS in BI and ML methods, respectively. With both BI and ML methods, this clade forms a larger highly supported clade with two species of Sphaerularia.

Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy induced by emotional stress leading to severe mitral regurgitation, cardiogenic shock and cardiopulmonary arrest.

Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) which is usually precipitated by profound emotional and physical stress has been widely reported in the past. In this case we report a young female patient who developed sudden dyspnea and palpitation after an profound stress (fierce argument).The patient had characteristic feature of progressive pulmonary edema. Her symptom worsened gradually leading to cardiopulmonary arrest in a few hours from the onset. After resuscitation an immediately performed echocardiography showed a severe mitral regurgitation due to rupture of antromedial papillary muscle. Left ventricular function showed akinetic mid-to-distal portion of the left ventricular chamber and hyperkinetic in basal segment. Inotrop infusion and aortic balloon pump placement was done because of unstable homodynamics. Semi-elective surgical valve replacement was performed. One year after the acute event the patient remained asymptomatic. Clinicians should recognize that Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy is one etiology of acute pulmonary edema with normal coronary artery finding.