RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent clinical trials have reported improved disease-free survival rates of patients with stage pT3-4/ypT2-4 or pN + upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) on adjuvant nivolumab therapy. However, the appropriateness of the patient selection criteria used in clinical practice remains uncertain. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 895 patients who underwent nephroureterectomy to treat UTUC. The patients were divided into two groups: grade pT3-4 and/or pN + without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or grade ypT2-4 and/or ypN + on NAC (adjuvant immunotherapy candidates) and others (not candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy). Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to assess the oncological outcomes, including recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify significant prognostic factors for oncological outcomes. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed notably inferior RFS, CSS, and OS of patients who were candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that pathological T and N grade and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status were independent risk factors for poor RFS, CSS, and OS. CONCLUSION: In total, 44.8% of patients were candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy. In addition to pathological T and N status, LVI was a significant predictor of survival, and may thus play a pivotal role in the selection of patients eligible for adjuvant immunotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Neoplasias Urológicas , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Urológicas/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Nefroureterectomía/métodos , Pronóstico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodosRESUMEN
Two solvated cobalt(ii) terpyridine complexes, [Co(MeO-terpy)2](BF4)2·H2O (·H2O) and [Co(MeO-terpy)2](BF4)2·acetone (·acetone) were prepared. Annealing each of these complexes resulted in the formation of two desolvated species, and , respectively. ·H2O and exhibited two-step and gradual SCO. The compound ·acetone has high-spin at all temperatures and undergoes a reverse spin transition due to a phase change.
RESUMEN
In the present study, we propose a method for preparing stable free-standing bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs). The BLMs were prepared in a microfabricated aperture with a smoothly tapered edge, which was prepared in a nanometer-thick Si(3)N(4) septum by the wet etching method. Owing to this structure, the stress on lipid bilayers at the contact with the septum was minimized, leading to remarkable membrane stability. The BLMs were not broken by applying a constant voltage of +/-1 V. The membrane lifetime was 15-45 h with and without an incorporated gramicidin channel. Gramicidin single-channel currents were recorded from the same BLM preparation when the aqueous solutions surrounding the BLM were repeatedly exchanged, demonstrating the tolerance of the present BLM to repetitive solution exchanges. Such stable membranes enable analysis of channel functions under various solution conditions from the same BLM, which will open up a variety of applications including a high throughput drug screening for ion channels.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Celular/química , Membrana Dobles de Lípidos/química , Microtecnología , Nanoestructuras/química , Compuestos de Silicona/química , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Conductividad Eléctrica , Gramicidina/metabolismo , Canales Iónicos/metabolismo , Membrana Dobles de Lípidos/metabolismo , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Solventes/químicaRESUMEN
In this study, we report on an in situ monitoring system of living cultured cells using infrared absorption spectroscopy in the geometry of multiple internal reflections (MIR-IRAS). In order to observe living cultured cells, the temperature in the sample chamber of a FT-IR spectrometer was maintained at 37 degrees C and a humidified gas mixture containing 5% CO(2) was introduced into the sample chamber. Human breast cell line MCF-7 cultured on Si MIR prisms were placed in the sample chamber and infrared spectra of MCF-7 cells were collected for 5 h. It was found that the adhesion and metabolism of MCF-7 cells could be monitored by the absorption intensity of amide-II protein band (1,545 cm(-1)) and also by the absorption intensities of CH( x ) bands (2,700-3,100 cm(-1)). These results suggest that our system is useful for a nondestructive and non-label monitoring of cell viability. Our method based on infrared absorption spectroscopy has a potential for bioscreening application.