Magnetic resonance imaging combined with serum endolipin and galactagoglobin-3 to diagnose cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with serum endothelin and galactagoglobin-3 (Gal-3) can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction. AIM: To analyze the clinical value of MRI combined with serum endolipin and Gal-3 for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized between January 2021 and December 2023 were divided into two groups according to comorbid diabetes mellitus, including 62 and 88 cases in the diabetic and nondiabetic cerebral infarction groups. Serum samples were collected to detect the expression of serum endolipoxins, and Gal-3, and cranial MRI was performed at admission. Differences between the two groups were compared to analyze the diagnostic value of these parameters. RESULTS: Serum endolipin and Gal-3 expression were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). The arterial wall area, vessel area, normalized wall index, and lumen stenosis rate were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group, while the rate of arterial lumen moderate and severe stenosis was 48.39% higher (36.36%, P < 0.05). The percentage of large (29.03%) and multiple infarcts (33.87%) in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was higher (13.64% and 20.45%), and the incidence rate of lacunar infarcts was lower (37.10% vs 65.91%) (P < 0.05). The total incidence of arterial plaque in patients in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was 96.77% higher (69.32%), while the incidence of necrotic lipid core plaque was 58.06% higher (26.14%) (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnosis utility of these techniques. MRI in combination with serum endoglin and Gal-3 had the highest area under the curve, the Yoden index, sensitivity and specificity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of serum endolipin and Gal-3 in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction showed an elevated trend, and the degree of luminal stenosis was severe. MRI predominantly revealed large and multiple infarct foci. This combined index examination can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus combined with cerebral infarction.

Optimization of saponin extraction from the leaves of Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium and evaluation of their antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium are important economic plants that utilize dried roots for medicinal and food dual purposes; there is still insufficient research of their stems and leaves, which also contain triterpenoid saponins. The extraction process was developed with a total saponin content of 12.30 ± 0.34% and 12.19 ± 0.64% for P. notoginseng leaves (PNL) and P. quinquefolium leaves (PQL) extracts, respectively. PNL and PQL saponin extracts showed good antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and RAW264.7 cells. A total of 699 metabolites were identified in PNL and PQL saponin extracts, with the majority being triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and amino acids. Fourteen ginsenosides, 18 flavonoids or alkaloids, and 16 amino acids were enriched in both saponin extracts. Overall, the utilization of saponins from medicinal plants PNL and PQL has been developed to facilitate systematic research in the functional food and natural product industries.

The influence of iron nutrition on the development of intestine and immune cell divergency in neonatal pigs.

BACKGROUND: Appropriate iron supplementation is essential for neonatal growth and development. However, there are few reports on the effects of iron overload on neonatal growth and immune homeostasis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron nutrition on neonatal growth and intestinal immunity by administering different levels of iron to neonatal pigs. RESULTS: We found that iron deficiency and iron overload resulted in slow growth in neonatal pigs. Iron deficiency and iron overload led to down-regulation of jejunum intestinal barrier and antioxidant marker genes, and promoted CD8+ T cell differentiation in jejunum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of pigs, disrupting intestinal health. Moreover, iron levels altered serum iron and tissue iron status leading to disturbances in redox state, affecting host innate and adaptive immunity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasized the effect of iron nutrition on host health and elucidated the importance of iron in regulating redox state and immunity development. This study provided valuable insights into the regulation of redox state and immune function by iron metabolism in early life, thus contributing to the development of targeted interventions and nutritional strategies to optimize iron nutrition in neonates.

Solvent-dependent chemoselective synthesis of different isoquinolinones mediated by the hypervalent iodine(III) reagent PISA.

Isoquinolinone is an important heterocyclic framework in natural products and biologically active molecules, and the efficient synthesis of this structural motif has received much attention in recent years. Herein, we report a (phenyliodonio)sulfamate (PISA)-mediated, solvent-dependent synthesis of different isoquinolinone derivatives. The method provides highly chemoselective access to 3- or 4-substituted isoquinolinone derivatives by reacting o-alkenylbenzamide derivatives with PISA in either acetonitrile or wet hexafluoro-2-isopropanol.

Macrogenomes reveal microbial-mediated microplastic degradation pathways in the porcine gut: a hope for solving the environmental challenges of microplastics.

It is increasingly recognized that microplastics (MPs) are being transmitted through the food chain system, but little is known about the microorganisms involved in MP degradation, functional biodegradation genes, and metabolic pathways of degradation in the intestinal tract of foodborne animals. In this study, we explored the potential flora mainly involved in MP degradation in the intestinal tracts of Taoyuan, Duroc, and Xiangcun pigs by macrogenomics, screened relevant MP degradation genes, and identified key enzymes and their mechanisms. The pig colon was enriched with abundant MP degradation-related genes, and gut microorganisms were their main hosts. The fiber diet did not significantly affect the abundance of MP degradation-related genes but significantly reduced their diversity. We identified a total of 94 functional genes for MP degradation and classified them into 27 categories by substrate type, with polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most predominant degradation types. The MP degradation functional genes were widely distributed in a variety of bacteria, mainly in the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Based on the identified functional genes for MP degradation, we proposed a hypothetical degradation mechanism for the three major MP pollutants, namely, PS, PET, and DEHP, which mainly consist of oxidoreductase, hydrolase, transferase, ligase, laccase, and isomerase. The degradation process involves the breakdown of long polymer chains, the oxidation of short-chain oligomers, the conversion of catechols, and the achievement of complete mineralization. Our findings provide insights into the function of MP degradation genes and their host microorganisms in the porcine colon.

Paeoniflorin suppresses ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury by antagonizing P53 acetylation.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could induce multiple forms of cell death, ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death distinct from apoptosis and autophagy, plays an important role in disease progression in TBI. Therapies targeting ferroptosis are beneficial for recovery from TBI. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside and the active ingredient of Paeonia lactiflora pall. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However The effects and mechanisms of paeoniflorin on secondary injury after TBI are unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism by which Pae regulates ferroptosis after TBI. METHODS: The TBI mouse model and cortical primary neurons were utilized to study the protective effect of paeoniflorin on the brain tissue after TBI. The neuronal cell ferroptosis model was established by treating cortical primary neurons with erastin. Liproxstatin-1(Lip-1) was used as a positive control drug. Immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, biochemical analyses, pharmacological analyses, and western blot were used to evaluate the effects of paeoniflorin on TBI. RESULTS: Pae significantly ameliorated neuronal damage after TBI, inhibited mitochondrial damage, increased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) production, restored neurological function and inhibited cerebral edema. Pae promotes the degradation of P53 in the form of proteasome, promotes its ubiquitination, and reduces the stability of P53 by inhibiting its acetylation, thus alleviating the P53-mediated inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) by P53. CONCLUSION: Pae inhibits ferroptosis by promoting P53 ubiquitination out of the nucleus, inhibiting P53 acetylation, and modulating the SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway.

Polyphenol-Reinforced Glycocalyx-Like Hydrogel Coating Induced Myocardial Regeneration and Immunomodulation.

Although minimally invasive interventional occluders can effectively seal heart defect tissue, they still have some limitations, including poor endothelial healing, intense inflammatory response, and thrombosis formation. Herein, a polyphenol-reinforced medicine/peptide glycocalyx-like coating was prepared on cardiac occluders. A coating consisting of carboxylated chitosan, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), tanshinone IIA sulfonic sodium (TSS), and hyaluronic acid grafted with 3-aminophenylboronic acid was prepared. Subsequently, the mercaptopropionic acid-GGGGG-Arg-Glu-Asp-Val peptide was grafted by the thiol-ene "click" reaction. The coating showed good hydrophilicity and free radical-scavenging ability and could release EGCG-TSS. The results of biological experiments suggested that the coating could reduce thrombosis by promoting endothelialization, and promote myocardial repair by regulating the inflammatory response. The functions of regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and metabolism were confirmed, and the inflammatory regulatory functions of the coating were mainly dependent on the NF-kappa B and TNF signaling pathway.

Synergy Between Dynamic Behavior of Hydrogen Defects and Non-Radiative Recombination in Metal-Halide Perovskites.

In organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hydrogen defects introduce deep-level trap states, significantly influencing non-radiative recombination processes. Those defects are primarily observed in MA-PSCs rather than FA-PSCs. As a result, MA-PSCs demonstrated a lower efficiency of 23.6% compared to 26.1% of FA-PSCs. In this work, both hydrogen vacancy (VH -) and hydrogen interstitial (Hi -) defects in MAPbI3 bulk and on surfaces, respectively are investigated. i) Bulk VH - defects have dramatic impact on non-radiative recombination, with lifetime varying from 67 to 8 ns, depending on whether deprotonated MA0 are ion-bonded or not. ii) Surface H-defects exhibited an inherent self-healing mechanism through a chemical bond between MA0 and Pb2+, indicating a self-passivation effect. iii) Both VH - and Hi - defects can be mitigated by alkali cation passivation; while large cations are preferable for VH - passivation, given strong binding energy of cation/perovskite, as well as, weak band edge non-adiabatic couplings; and small cations are suited for Hi - passivation, considering the steric hindrance effect. The dual passivation strategy addressed diverse experimental outcomes, particularly in enhancing performance associated with cation selections. The dynamic connection between hydrogen defects and non-radiative recombination is elucidated, providing insights into hydrogen defect passivation essential for high-performance PSCs fabrication.

Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on intestinal epithelium in weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge.

Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural flavonoid compound, are believed to prevent inflammatory response, dealing with pathogens and repairing the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DMY supplementation could attenuate intestinal damage in the context of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC F4+) infection. After weaning, different litters of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) non-challenged control (CON, fed with basal diet); (2) ETEC-challenged control (ECON, fed with basal diet); and (3) ETEC challenge + DMY treatment (EDMY, fed with basal diet plus 300 mg kg-1 DMY). We observed a significant reduction in fecal Escherichia coli shedding and diarrhea incidence, but an increase in ADG in pigs of EDMY group compared to the pigs of ECON group. Relative to the pigs of ECON group, dietary DMY treatment decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of the serum D-xylose, D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO), but increased the abundance of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum of pigs. In addition, DMY also decreased (P < 0.05) the number of S-phase cells and the percentage of total apoptotic epithelial cells of jejunal epithelium in pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group. Furthermore, DMY decreased the mRNA expression levels of critical immune-associated genes TLR4, NFκB, Caspase3, Caspase9, IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α and the protein p-NFκB and p-IκBα expressions of intestinal epithelium in pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group. Compared to the ECON group, DMY elevated (P < 0.05) the expression levels of ß-defensins PBD1, PBD2, PBD3, PBD129, as well as the abundance of secreted IgA in intestinal mucosae of the EDMY group. Thus, our results indicate that DMY may relieve intestinal integrity damage due to Escherichia coli F4.

Alterations of pathogen transmission patterns and attenuated immune stimulation might be the cause of increased adult respiratory infections cases in 2023, results from a multi-center study in mainland China.

Background: Several respiratory infections outbreaks have been observed in mainland China after reduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Other countries have seen increases in respiratory infections outside typical seasons post-COVID-19, warranting investigation into underlying causes. Methods: We established monitoring networks for suspected respiratory infection in 14 tertiary hospitals nationwide. PCR for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B were performed on 3708 respiratory specimens and deep sequencing were conducted to identify co-infections or newly emerging microbes in 2023. Viral evolutionary analysis was completed. We retrospectively detected serum antibody level for various respiratory pathogens from 4324 adults without respiratory infections over 7 years to observe its dynamic curves. Findings: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A were the main pathogens during outbreaks in 2023, bacterial-virus and bacterial-bacterial co-infections were most detected, but community co-infections didn't significantly increase pneumonia incidence. Different SARS-CoV-2 and influenza variants were present in different outbreaks, and no novel pathogens were found. The epidemiological patterns of influenza A, COVID-19 and etc. were altered, exhibiting characteristics of being "staggered" compared to most global regions, and potentially led to "overlapping prevalence". Binding antibody testing showed regular fluctuation, without significant decrease against common respiratory pathogens in adults. Influenza A antibody stimulation was attenuated during the 2023 outbreak. Conclusions: "Misaligned" alteration in seasonal respiratory disease patterns possibly caused combined epidemics, leading to cases spike in China, 2023. In adults, antibody levels didn't show significant decline, but reduced immune response to influenza during 2020-2023 emphasizes the need for consistent vaccination during pandemics.

Effects of enzyme supplementation on growth performance, digestibility of phosphorus, femur parameters and fecal microbiota in growing pigs fed different types of diets.

A 42-days study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary types (corn-or wheat-soybean meal-based diet) and phytase (Phy) or a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) supplementation on growth performance, digestibility of phosphorus (P), intestinal transporter gene expression, plasma indexes, bone parameters, and fecal microbiota in growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows (average initial body weight of 24.70 ± 0.09 kg) with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments and main effects of diet type (corn-or wheat-soybean meal-based-diets) and enzyme supplementation (without, with Phy or with MCPC). Each group was designed with 6 replicate pens. The MCPC increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight (BW). A significant interaction (p = 0.01) was observed between diet type and enzyme supplementation on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P. The ATTD of P was higher (p < 0.05) in wheat soybean meal-based diets compared to corn-soybean meal-based diets. Compared with the corn-soybean meal-based diet, the relative expression of SLC34A2 and VDR genes in the ileum and SLC34A3 in jejunum of growing pigs fed the wheat-soybean meal based diet was lower (p < 0.05). The MCPC significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the relative expression of TRPV5 and CALB1 genes in the ileum and increased the expression of CALB1 in the duodenum compared to control diet. The phytase increased (p < 0.05) the relative expression of SLC34A1 gene in the duodenum in comparison to control diet and MCPC-supplemented diet. The Ca and P contents in plasma from pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet were higher (p < 0.05) than those from pigs fed wheat-soybean meal-based diet, and the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) than those fed wheat-soybean meal-based diet. The content of Ca and P in the femur and the bone strength of pigs in the corn-soybean meal group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the wheat-soybean meal groups. The phytase increased (p < 0.05) the Ca and P content and bone strength of the femur. Additionally, diet type and both enzymes significantly improved fecal microbial diversity and composition. Taken together, diet type and exogenous enzymes supplementation could differently influence the growth performance, utilization of phosphorus, intestinal transporter gene expression, bone mineralization and microbial diversity and composition in growing pigs.

Highly sensitive antibiotic sensing based on optical weak value amplification: A case study of chloramphenicol.

The public health concern of antibiotic residues in animal-origin food has been a long-standing issue. In this work, we present a novel method for antibiotic detection, leveraging optical weak value amplification and harnessing an indirect competitive inhibition assay, which significantly boosts the system's sensitivity in identifying small molecule antibiotics. We chose chloramphenicol as a model compound and mixed it with chloramphenicol-bovine serum albumin conjugates to bind to the chloramphenicol antibody competitively. We achieved a broad linear detection range of up to 3.24 ng/mL and a high concentration resolution of 33.20 pg/mL. To further validate the universality of our proposed detection methodology, we successfully applied it to testing gibberellin and tetracycline. Moreover, we conducted regeneration experiments and real-sample correlation studies. This study introduces a novel strategy for the label-free optical sensing of small molecule antibiotics, greatly expanding the range of applications for sensors utilizing optical weak value amplification.

Ultrahigh-Precision Hamiltonian Parameter Estimation in a Superconducting Circuit.

The Hamiltonian, which determines the evolution of a quantum system, is fundamental in quantum physics. Therefore, it is crucial to implement high-precision generation and measurement of the Hamiltonian in a practical quantum system. Here, we experimentally demonstrate ultrahigh-precision Hamiltonian parameter estimation with a significant quantum advantage in a superconducting circuit via sequential control. We first observe the commutation relation for noncommuting operations determined by the system Hamiltonian, both with and without adding quantum control, verifying the commuting property of controlled noncommuting operations. Based on this control-induced commuting property, we further demonstrate Hamiltonian parameter estimation for polar and azimuth angles in superconducting circuits, achieving ultrahigh metrological gains in measurement precision exceeding the standard quantum limit by up to 16.0 and 16.1 dB at N=100, respectively.

Electroacupuncture Combined with Chinese Medicine Ironing Therapy for Functional Constipation.

Functional constipation (FC) is a dysfunctional gastrointestinal disease with the main clinical manifestations of complex bowel movements, incomplete bowel movements, reduced frequency of bowel movements, and dry and hard stools, which seriously affect patients' quality of life and psychology. Electroacupuncture improves constipation by performing acupuncture on specific points in the body to accelerate intestinal peristalsis. Chinese medicine ironing therapy (CMIT) can warm up the meridians, accelerate local blood circulation, promote gastrointestinal dynamics, and accelerate gastric emptying. This study elaborated on the method and steps of electroacupuncture combined with CMIT for functional constipation, including patient selection, material preparation, operation procedure, postoperative care, and precautions. The therapeutic effect of the method was also evaluated. The results of the study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, compared with Western medicine alone, electroacupuncture combined with CMIT can improve the frequency of FC patients' voluntary bowel movements, constipation, and quality of life. There were no obvious adverse reactions.

Deep learning-based deformable image registration with bilateral pyramid to align pre-operative and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Background: The evaluation of brain tumor recurrence after surgery is based on the comparison between tumor regions on pre-operative and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in clinical practice. Accurate alignment of MRI scans is important in this evaluation process. However, existing methods often fail to yield accurate alignment due to substantial appearance and shape changes of tumor regions. The study aimed to improve this misalignment situation through multimodal information and compensation for shape changes. Methods: In this work, a deep learning-based deformation registration method using bilateral pyramid to create multi-scale image features was developed. Moreover, morphology operations were employed to build correspondence between the surgical resection on the follow-up and pre-operative MRI scans. Results: Compared with baseline methods, the proposed method achieved the lowest mean absolute error of 1.82 mm on the public BraTS-Reg 2022 dataset. Conclusions: The results suggest that the proposed method is potentially useful for evaluating tumor recurrence after surgery. We effectively verified its ability to extract and integrate the information of the second modality, and also revealed the micro representation of tumor recurrence. This study can assist doctors in registering multiple sequence images of patients, observing lesions and surrounding areas, analyzing and processing them, and guiding doctors in their treatment plans.

A high oxidase-like activity, bimetallic single-atom nanozyme FeCe/NC prepared by FeCe-ZIF-8 approach for sensing tannic acid in tea.

To improve the activity of single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) for applications in food analysis, a new bimetal SAzyme FeCe/NC was developed. Its oxidase-like activity is 40% higher than that of single metal SAzyme Fe/NC. Based on a series of characterization investigations, the catalytic mechanism is that it directly catalyzed O2 to generate •OH, O2 •-and 1O2. It could directly catalyze oxidation 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxTMB, thereunder, a FeCe/NC SAzyme-TMB colorimetric method for the detection of tannic acid (TA) was constructed after the optimization of catalytic conditions. The method has a high R2 of 0.995, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.26 µmol/L, and high stability. The detection performance was validated by the real samples (tea). Therefore, the prepared bimetallic SAzyme FeCe/NC can be applied for TA detection without the addition of H2O2, and will have broad applications in the areas of food, feed, and life science.

Biomechanical effects of different instrumented segments and trunk shifts on distal adjacent segments after congenital scoliosis posterior hemivertebrectomy: Preliminary results of a single case.

Objective: The present study aims to discuss the biomechanical effects of the sagittal vertical axis and different instrumented segments on distal adjacent segments after congenital scoliosis posterior hemivertebrectomy. Method: A case of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra was selected for the reconstruction of the preoperative and postoperative 3D computed tomography data of the full spine. A finite element model of different fusion lengths and postoperative trunk shift (TS) values was established using the finite element method to compare the biomechanical effects of different models on the distal adjacent segment. Result: In the L1-L3 and T12-L1-L3-L4 fusion modes, the horizontal shift of the 1st vertebra below the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) increased with the trunk shift (TS) expansion after operation, and the imbalance between the left and right vertical stress of the 1st intervertebral disc below the LIV increased. With the decrease in fused segments in cases of TS = 10 mm and TS = 5 mm, the 1st vertebra below the LIV was subjected to a greater unbalanced force in the horizontal direction, and the 1st intervertebral disc below the LIV was subjected to a smaller imbalance between the left and right vertical stress after operation. Conclusion: When treating congenital scoliosis with hemivertebrectomy and pedicle screw fixation, fused segments can be properly extended and the postoperative TS shortened with a view of reducing the imbalance between the left and right stress of the 1st intervertebral disc below the LIV as well as the horizontal shift of the 1st vertebra below the LIV.

An Adaptive Elastic Support Seat-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer for Human Body Vibration Reduction.

This paper introduces an electromagnetic structure utilizing the controllable mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) materials through magnetic flux. An adaptive elastic foundation composed of these materials is explored for vibration reduction and frequency modulation. This study investigates these effects using both a single-mass model and a coupled human-seat model. For objects supported by the adaptive elastic foundation, increasing the magnetic flux enhances the stiffness and damping, thereby significantly reducing the peak response while slightly increasing the resonance frequency. Strategies such as increasing the magnetic flux, reducing the object mass, and minimizing the system's degrees of freedom and internal damping contribute to enhancing the vibration reduction and frequency modulation in the adaptive elastic foundation. The simulation results indicate that for a seated human (weighing between 72.4 kg and 88.4 kg), the adaptive elastic foundation reduces the head peak response by approximately 15.7% and increases the resonance frequency by approximately 3.4% at a magnetic flux of 138 mT.

Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Cottonseed Meal, Peanut Meal, Rapeseed Meal, or Distillers' Dried Grains with Solubles on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Parameters, and Rumen Fermentation in Growing Lambs.

Considering the frequently large price fluctuations for soybean meal, an alternative is the increased use of locally produced high-protein ingredients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the total replacement of soybean meal with different sources of protein on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, rumen fermentation parameters, and bacterial communities in growing lambs. Sixty sheep with similar body weights (38.46 ± 0.71 kg) were distributed to one of five treatments: soybean meal (SBM); cottonseed meal (COM); peanut meal (PEM); rapeseed meal (RAM); and distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The experiment lasted 62 days with a 10-day adaptation period and a 52-day growing period. The results indicated that the body weight and average daily gain were not affected by different protein sources (p > 0.05), but the dry matter intake of the SBM group was lower than that of the other groups (p < 0.05); otherwise, the feed efficiency was higher (p < 0.05). The digestion of dry matter was higher in the SBM, COM, and RAM groups than in the DDGS and PEM groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared to the other groups, the SBM group had the highest digestion of gross energy and crude protein (p < 0.05). In addition, the concentration of glutathione peroxidase was highest in the SBM group (p < 0.05). Regarding the rumen fermentation, the SBM group had the highest concentration of NH3-N (p < 0.05). The rumen bacterial community was not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the total replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed, peanut, rapeseed, or DDGS reduced digestibility but did not impact the body weight or average daily gain of growing lambs and had no effect on the immune function and rumen bacterial community; thus, they can be used to substitute the soybean meal.

[In dustrial development status and strategy of improving quality and efficiency of ginger, a resource for both medicine and food use].

China cultivates characteristic resource plant Zingiber officinale for both medicine and food use, with a long history of cultivation, production, and application. With the continuous excavation of the health and skin care values of ginger products due to scientific and technological progress, the scale expansion and quality improvement of the ginger industry have been effectively promoted, forming an industrial cluster with rich germplasm resources and diverse product categories represented by the north and south regions of China, and China has been developed as the biggest producer and exporter of raw materials and processed products of ginger.The present situation of ginger germplasm resources, ginger production, market price, and quality control of ginger products was reviewed in this paper. According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), United Nations International Trade Database, Chinese Network for Ginger Trade, and China Industry Information Network, the market fluctuation and trend of ginger products in China and abroad were discussed, and the current development and utilization of Chinese and international ginger industries were analyzed. In addition, through the research group's field investigation of the main producing area of ginger in China, analysis and prediction were made, and measures to improve the quality and efficiency of ginger industry use were put forward,so as to offer experience for relevant departments to study and formulate the development plan and production layout of ginger industry,help practitioners in ginger industry to cope with challenges, and provide a reference for promoting the quality and efficiency of ginger industry and high-quality development.