RESUMEN
Unfavourable conditions, such as prolonged drought and high salinity, pose a threat to the survival and agricultural yield of plants. The phytohormone ABA plays a key role in the regulation of plant stress adaptation and is often maintained at high levels for extended periods. While much is known about ABA signal perception and activation in the early signalling stage, the molecular mechanism underlying desensitization of ABA signalling remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi network, the key regulators of ABA signalling, SnRK2.2/2.3, undergo N-glycosylation, which promotes their redistribution from the nucleus to the peroxisomes in Arabidopsis roots and influences the transcriptional response in the nucleus during prolonged ABA signalling. On the peroxisomal membrane, SnRK2s can interact with glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)/phosphate translocator 1 (GPT1) to maintain NADPH homeostasis through increased activity of the peroxisomal oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). The resulting maintenance of NADPH is essential for the modulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, thereby relieving ABA-induced root growth inhibition. The subcellular dynamics of SnRK2s, mediated by N-glycosylation suggest that ABA responses transition from transcriptional regulation in the nucleus to metabolic processes in the peroxisomes, aiding plants in adapting to long-term environmental stress.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Abscísico , Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , NADP , Peroxisomas , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Transducción de Señal , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Peroxisomas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Glicosilación , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , NADP/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Aparato de Golgi/metabolismo , Vía de Pentosa Fosfato , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of persistent coronal imbalance (PCI) in Lenke5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF). METHODS: We analyzed the medical records of 112 Lenke5C AIS patients. They were grouped into PCI (+) group and PCI (-) group according to the occurrence of PCI at 2 years after surgery. Coronal and sagittal parameters were measured and compared between both groups preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 2 years postoperatively. Scoliosis Research Societyâ22 (SRSâ22) score was used to evaluate clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 112 patients, 12 had coronal imbalance persisting 2 years after surgery. Logistic regression analysis indicated risk factors including older age [odds ratio(OR)= 1.841, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.147-2.132, P = 0.001], lower preoperative flexibility main thoracic (MT) curve (OR = 1.308,95% CI: 1.041-2.015, P = 0.016), greater preoperative apical vertebral translation (AVT) of the thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve (AVT-TL/L) (OR= 2.291, 95%CI: 1.120-4.719, P = 0.001), larger preoperative lowest instrumented vertebra tilt (LIV lilt) (OR = 2.141, 95% CI: 1.491-3.651, P = 0.011), postoperative immediate coronal imbalance (OR = 5.512, 95% CI: 4.531-6.891, P = 0.001). The satisfaction and total score of SRS-22 scale in PCI (+) group were lower than those in PCI (-) group at 2 years after surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found a 10.7% incidence of PCI in patients with Lenke5C AIS undergoing PSF. PCI adversely affects clinical outcomes. Risk factors of PCI included older age, reduced preoperative MT curve flexibility, increased preoperative AVT in the TL/L curve, greater preoperative LIV tilt, and immediate postoperative coronal imbalance.
RESUMEN
Constructing composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) integrating the merits of inorganic and organic components is a promising approach to developing high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). CSEs are now capable of achieving homogeneous and fast Li-ion flux, but how to escape the trade-off between mechanical modulus and adhesion is still a challenge. Herein, a strategy to address this issue is proposed, that is, intercalating highly conductive, homogeneous, and viscous-fluid ionic conductors into robust coordination laminar framework to construct laminar solid electrolyte with homogeneous and fast Li-ion conduction (LSE-HFC). A 9 µm-thick LSH-HFC, in which poly(ethylene oxide)/succinonitrile is adsorbed by coordination laminar framework with metal-organic framework nanosheets as building blocks, is used here as an example to determine the validity. The Li-ion transfer mechanism is verified and works across the entire LSE-HFC, which facilitates homogeneous Li-ion flux and low migration energy barriers, endowing LSE-HFC with high ionic conductivity of 5.62 × 10-4 S cm-1 and Li-ion transference number of 0.78 at 25 °C. Combining the outstanding mechanical strength against punctures and the enhanced adhesion force with electrodes, LSE-HFC harvests uniform Li plating/stripping behavior. These enable the realization of high-energy-density ASSLMBs with excellent cycling stability when being assembled as LiFePO4/Li and LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2/Li cells.
RESUMEN
We demonstrated the use of hydrated calcium vanadate (CaV6O16·3H2O, denoted as CaVO-2) as a cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Nanoribbons of hydrated calcium vanadate facilitated shortening of the Zn2+ transport distance and accelerated zinc-ion insertion. The introduction of interlayer structure water increased the interlayer spacing of calcium vanadate and as a "lubricant". Ca2+ insertion also expanded the interlayer spacing and further stabilized the interlayer structure of vanadium-based oxide. The density functional theory results showed that the introduction of Ca2+ and structured water could effectively improve the diffusion kinetics, resulting in the rapid transport of zinc ions. As a result, AZIBs based on the CaVO-2 cathode offered high specific capacity (329.6 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1) and fast charge/discharge capability (147 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1). Impressively, quasi-solid-state zinc-ion batteries based on the CaVO-2 cathode and polyacrylamide-cellulose nanofiber hydrogel electrolytes maintained an outstanding specific capacity and long cycle life (162 mAh g-1 over 10â¯000 cycles at 5 A g-1). This study provided a reliable strategy for metal-ion insertion and the structural water introduction of oxides to produce a high-quality cathode for ZIBs. Meanwhile, it provides ideas for the combination of vanadium-based materials and gel electrolytes to construct solid-state zinc-ion batteries.
RESUMEN
Plants have evolved interconnected regulatory pathways which enable them to respond and adapt to their environments. In plants, stress memory enhances stress tolerance through the molecular retention of prior stressful experiences, fostering rapid and robust responses to subsequent challenges. Mounting evidence suggests a close link between the formation of stress memories and effective future stress responses. However, the mechanism by which environmental stressors trigger stress memory formation is poorly understood. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the RNA-based regulation on stress memory formation in plants and discuss research challenges and future directions. Specifically, we focus on the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and alternative splicing (AS) in stress memory formation. miRNAs regulate target genes via post-transcriptional silencing, while siRNAs trigger stress memory formation through RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). lncRNAs guide protein complexes for epigenetic regulation, and AS of pre-mRNAs is crucial to plant stress memory. Unraveling the mechanisms underpinning RNA-mediated stress memory formation not only advances our knowledge of plant biology but also aids in the development of improved stress tolerance in crops, enhancing crop performance and global food security.
RESUMEN
Increasing evidence indicates a strong correlation between the deposition of cuticular waxes and drought tolerance. However, the precise regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of two wheat (Triticum aestivum) near-isogenic lines, the glaucous line G-JM38 rich in cuticular waxes and the non-glaucous line NG-JM31. We identified 85,143 protein-coding mRNAs, 4,485 lncRNAs, and 1,130 miRNAs. Using the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and endogenous target mimic (eTM) prediction, we discovered that lncRNA35557 acted as an eTM for the miRNA tae-miR6206, effectively preventing tae-miR6206 from cleaving the NAC transcription factor gene TaNAC018. This lncRNA-miRNA interaction led to higher transcript abundance for TaNAC018 and enhanced drought-stress tolerance. Additionally, treatment with mannitol and abscisic acid (ABA) each influenced the levels of tae-miR6206, lncRNA35557, and TaNAC018 transcript. The ectopic expression of TaNAC018 in Arabidopsis also improved tolerance toward mannitol and ABA treatment, whereas knocking down TaNAC018 transcript levels via virus-induced gene silencing in wheat rendered seedlings more sensitive to mannitol stress. Our results indicate that lncRNA35557 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to modulate TaNAC018 expression by acting as a decoy target for tae-miR6206 in glaucous wheat, suggesting that non-coding RNA has important roles in the regulatory mechanisms responsible for wheat stress tolerance.
Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis , MicroARNs , ARN Largo no Codificante , ARN Endógeno Competitivo , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Ácido Abscísico/farmacología , Arabidopsis/genética , Manitol , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Mensajero , Triticum/genética , CerasRESUMEN
Genetic transformation is a critical tool for gene editing and genetic improvement of plants. Although many model plants and crops can be genetically manipulated, genetic transformation systems for fruit trees are either lacking or perform poorly. We used Rhizobium rhizogenes to transfer the target gene into the hairy roots of Malus domestica and Actinidia chinensis. Transgenic roots were generated within 3 weeks, with a transgenic efficiency of 78.8%. Root to shoot conversion of transgenic hairy roots was achieved within 11 weeks, with a regeneration efficiency of 3.3%. Finally, the regulatory genes involved in stem cell activity were used to improve shoot regeneration efficiency. MdWOX5 exhibited the most significant effects, as it led to an improved regeneration efficiency of 20.6% and a reduced regeneration time of 9 weeks. Phenotypes of the overexpression of RUBY system mediated red roots and overexpression of MdRGF5 mediated longer root hairs were observed within 3 weeks, suggesting that the method can be used to quickly screen genes that influence root phenotype scores through root performance, such as root colour, root hair, and lateral root. Obtaining whole plants of the RUBY system and MdRGF5 overexpression lines highlights the convenience of this technology for studying gene functions in whole plants. Overall, we developed an optimized method to improve the transformation efficiency and stability of transformants in fruit trees.
Asunto(s)
Raíces de Plantas , Brotes de la Planta , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Transformación Genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/genética , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Actinidia/genética , Actinidia/microbiología , Malus/genética , Malus/microbiología , Agrobacterium/genética , Árboles/genéticaRESUMEN
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of NiCo LDH electrocatalysts can be improved through fluorine doping. The roles of Ni and Co active sites in such catalysts remain ambiguous and controversial. In addressing the issue, this study draws upon the molecular orbital theory and proposes the active center competitive mechanism between Ni and Co. The doped F-atoms can directly impact the valence state of metal atoms or exert an indirect influence through the dehydrogenation, thereby modulating the active center. As the F-atoms are progressively aggregate, the eg orbitals of Ni and Co transition from e2 g to e1 g, and subsequently to e0 g. The corresponding valence state elevates from +2 to +3, and then to +4, signifying an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease in the electrocatalytic performance. Furthermore, a series of F-NiCo LDH catalysts are synthesized to verify the eg orbital occupancy analysis, and the catalytic OER overpotentials are 303, 243, 240, and 246 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm-2, respectively, which coincides well with the theoretical prediction. This investigation not only provides novel mechanistic insights into the transition and competition of Ni and Co in F-NiCo LDH catalysts but also establishes a foundation for the design of high-performance catalysts.
RESUMEN
Porcine infectious pleuropneumonia (PCP) is a severe disease of porcine caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP). The spread of PCP remains a threat to the porcine farms and has been known to cause severe economic losses. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) serves as a pivotal player in helping bacteria adapt to shifts in their environment, particularly when facing the challenges posed by bacterial infections. In this study, we investigated the role of CRP in APP. Our results revealed that crp mutant (Δcrp) strains were more sensitive to acidic and osmotic stress resistance and had lower biofilm formation ability than wild-type (WT) strains. Furthermore, the Δcrp strains showed deficiencies in anti-phagocytosis, adhesion, and invasion upon interaction with host cells. Mice infected with the Δcrp strains demonstrated reduced bacterial loads in their lungs compared to those infected with the WT strains. This study reveals the pivotal role of crp gene expression in regulating pleuropneumonia growth, stress resistance, iron utilization, biofilm formation, phagocytosis, adhesion, invasion and colonization. Our discoveries offer novel perspectives on understanding the development and progression of APP infections.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Actinobacillus , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , Pleuroneumonía , Enfermedades de los Roedores , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Porcinos , Ratones , Pleuroneumonía/microbiología , Pleuroneumonía/veterinaria , Biopelículas , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/metabolismo , Proteína Receptora de AMP Cíclico/genética , Pulmón/microbiología , Infecciones por Actinobacillus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Actinobacillus/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Complexes formed by combining pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) with Aggregation-Induced Emission luminogens (AIEgens), termed pentacyclic triterpene-aggregation induced emission (PT-AIEgen) complexes, merge the chemotherapeutic properties of PTs with the photocytotoxicity of AIEgens. In this study, we synthesized derivatives by connecting three types of triphenylamine (TPA) pyridinium derivatives with three common pentacyclic triterpenes. Altering the connecting group between the electron donor TPA and the electron acceptor pyridinium resulted in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PT-AIEgens and a red-shift in their fluorescence emission spectra. Importantly, the fluorescence emission spectra of BA-3, OA-3, and UA-3 extended into the near-infrared (NIR) range, enabling NIR-AIE imaging of the sites where the derivatives aggregated. The incorporation of the pyridinium structure improved the mitochondrial targeting of PT-AIEgens, enhancing mitochondrial pathway-mediated cell apoptosis and improving the efficiency of chemotherapy (CT) and chemo-photodynamic combined therapy (CPCT) both in vivo and in vitro. Cellular fluorescence imaging demonstrated rapid cellular uptake and mitochondrial accumulation of BA-1 (-2, -3). Cell viability experiments revealed that BA-1 (-2), OA-1 (-2), and UA-1 (-2) exhibited superior CT cytotoxicity compared to their parent drugs, with BA-1 showing the most potent inhibitory effect on HeLa cells (IC50 = 1.19 µM). Furthermore, HeLa cells treated with BA-1 (1 µM), BA-2 (1.25 µM), and BA-3 (1 µM) exhibited survival rates of 2.99 % ± 0.05 % µM, 5.92 % ± 2.04 % µM, and 2.53 % ± 0.73 % µM, respectively, under white light irradiation. Mechanistic experiments revealed that derivatives induced cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway during both CT and CPCT. Remarkably, BA-1 and BA-3 in CPCT inhibited cancer cell proliferation in an in vivo melanoma mouse xenograft model. These results collectively encourage further research of PT-AIEgens as potential anticancer agents.
Asunto(s)
Fotoquimioterapia , Triterpenos , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Triterpenos/farmacología , Células HeLa , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Mitocondrias , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacología , Imagen ÓpticaRESUMEN
The exponential growth of stationary energy storage systems (ESSs) and electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates a more profound understanding of the degradation behavior of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with specific emphasis on their lifetime. Accurately forecasting the lifetime of batteries under various working stresses aids in optimizing their operating conditions, prolonging their longevity, and ultimately minimizing the overall cost of the battery life cycle. Accelerated aging, as an efficient and economical method, can output sufficient cycling information in short time, which enables a rapid prediction of the lifetime of LIBs under various working stresses. Nevertheless, the prerequisite for accelerated aging-based battery lifetime prediction is the consistency of aging mechanisms. This review, by comprehensively summarizing the aging mechanisms of various components within LIBs and the battery degradation mechanisms under stress-accelerated conditions, provides a reference for evaluating the consistency of battery aging mechanisms. Furthermore, this paper introduces accelerated aging-based lifetime prediction models and offers constructive suggestions for future research on accelerated lifetime prediction of LIBs.
RESUMEN
Molybdenum sulfide has been widely investigated as a prospective anode material for Li+/Na+ storage because of its unique layered structure and high theoretical capacity. However, the enormous volume variation and poor conductivity limit the development of molybdenum sulfide. The rational design of a heterogeneous interface is of great importance to improve the structure stability and electrical conductivity of electrode materials. Herein, a high-temperature mixing method is implemented in the hydrothermal process to synthesize the hybrid structure of MoS2/V2O3@carbon-graphene (MoS2/V2O3@C-rGO). The MoS2/V2O3@C-rGO composites exhibit superior Li+/Na+ storage performance due to the construction of the interface between the MoS2 and V2O3 components and the introduction of carbon materials, delivering a prominent reversible capacity of 564 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 600 cycles for lithium-ion batteries and 376.3 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 450 cycles for sodium-ion batteries. Theoretical calculations confirm that the construction of the interface between the MoS2 and V2O3 components can accelerate the reaction kinetics and enhance the charge-ionic transport of molybdenum sulfide. The results illustrate that interfacial engineering may be an effective guide to obtain high-performance electrode materials for Li+/Na+ storage.
RESUMEN
BaTiO3/CeO2 nanoparticles with heterogeneous structure were successfully synthesized via a gel-assisted hydrothermal method. The molar ratio of Ti/Ce was set as 1 : 0, 0.925 : 0.075, 0.9 : 0.1; 0.875 : 0.125, and 0.85 : 0.15 in the dried gels. Affected by the values of Ti/Ce, the particle sizes of hydrothermal products decreased obviously, and the surface of nanoparticles became rough and even had small protrusions. XRD, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, DRS, ESR, and PFM were used to characterize the nanoparticle textures. We speculated that the main body and surface of nanoparticles were BaTiO3 and CeO2 protrusions, respectively. The catalytic performance of BaTiO3/CeO2 nanoparticles was characterized by their abilities to degrade RhB in water under different external conditions (light irradiation, ultrasonic oscillation, or both). In all test groups, BaTiO3/CeO2 nanoparticles with a Ti/Ce molar ratio of 0.875 : 0.125 in the initial dried gel exhibited the strongest catalytic ability when light irradiation and ultrasonication were applied simultaneously owing to the appropriate amount of Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies.
RESUMEN
Pure TiO2 and 3% Y-doped TiO2 (3% Y-TiO2) were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. Reduced TiO2 (TiO2-H2) and 3% Y-TiO2 (3% Y-TiO2-H2) were obtained through the thermal conversion treatment of Ar-H2 atmosphere at 500 °C for 3 h. By systematically comparing the crystalline phase, structure, morphological features, and photocatalytic properties of 3% Y-TiO2-H2 with pure TiO2, 3% Y-TiO2, and TiO2-H2, the synergistic effect of Y doping and reduction of TiO2 was obtained. All samples show the single anatase phase, and no diffraction peak shift is observed. Compared with single-doped TiO2 and single-reduced TiO2, 3% Y-TiO2-H2 exhibits the best photocatalytic performance for the degradation of RhB, which can be totally degraded in 20 min. The improvement of photocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergistic effect of Y doping and reduction treatment. Y doping broadened the range of light absorption and reduced the charge recombination rates, and the reduction treatment caused TiO2 to be enveloped by disordered shells. The remarkable feature of reduced TiO2 by H2 is its disordered shell filled with a limited amount of oxygen vacancies (OVs) or Ti3+, which significantly reduces the Eg of TiO2 and remarkably increases the absorption of visible light. The synergistic effect of Y doping, Ti3+ species, and OVs play an important role in the improvement of photocatalytic performances. The discovery of this work provides a new perspective for the improvement of other photocatalysts by combining doping and reduction to modify traditional photocatalytic materials and further improve their performance.
RESUMEN
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating plant development and stress responses. However, the functions and mechanism of intronic miRNAs in plants are poorly understood. This study reports a stress-responsive RNA splicing mechanism for intronic miR400 production, whereby miR400 modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and improves plant tolerance by downregulating its target expression. To monitor the intron splicing events, we used an intronic miR400 splicing-dependent luciferase transgenic line. Luciferase activity was observed to decrease after high cadmium concentration treatment due to the retention of the miR400-containing intron, which inhibited the production of mature miR400. Furthermore, we demonstrated that under Cd treatments, Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein 1 (PPR1), the target of miR400, acts as a positive regulator by inducing ROS accumulation. Ppr1 mutation affected the Complex III activity in the electron transport chain and RNA editing of the mitochondrial gene ccmB. This study illustrates intron splicing as a key step in intronic miR400 production and highlights the function of intronic miRNAs as a 'signal transducer' in enhancing plant stress tolerance.
Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis , MicroARNs , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Intrones/genética , Empalme del ARN/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las PlantasRESUMEN
N6-methyl-adenosine (m6a) is involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases such as autogenic immune disease and tumors. Methyltransferases regulate primary (pri)-microRNA (miRNA/miR) processing by mediating m6a modifications, consequently affecting pathological processes including immune-related diseases by regulating both innate and adaptive immune cells. However, the roles of m6a on the biological functions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remain to be elucidated. The relative expression levels of methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and other methyltransferases, demethylases, and miR-873 in bone samples from patients with osteoporosis and from normal individuals were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to examine the proliferation of BMSCs. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to investigate the binding of METTL14 to DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (DGCR8). RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was used to examine the binding of METTL14 to pri-miR-873. METTL14 and m6a modifications were highly detected in patients with osteoporosis compared with the controls. Co-IP results indicated that silencing of METTL14 reduced METTL14 and m6a modification levels in BMSCs. Downregulation of METTL14 significantly promoted the proliferation of BMSCs. RIP results suggested that METTL14/m6a methylation modification promoted the processing of pri-miR-873 by binding to DGCR8 in BMSCs. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-873 inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs. The results also showed that miR-873 mimics significantly inhibited the proliferation in small interfering (si)-METTL14 transfected BMSCs; however, miR-873 inhibitors markedly promoted the proliferation of si-METTL14 transfected BMSCs. METTL14 and m6a modifications were upregulated in osteoporosis samples. METTL14 promoted the processing of pri-miR-873 into mature miR-873 by regulating m6a modification. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-873 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs. Therefore, the METTL14/m6a/miR-873 axis may be a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , MicroARNs , Osteoporosis , Humanos , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Osteogénesis/genética , Osteoporosis/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/genética , Células de la Médula Ósea , Metiltransferasas/genética , Metiltransferasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an economically important and widely cultivated root vegetable crop. The coloration of the green skin and green flesh is an important trait influencing the nutrition and flavor quality in fruit radish. GOLDEN2-LIKEs (GLKs) play critically important roles in plastid development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying chlorophyll biosynthesis still remain elusive in green fruit radish taproot. Herein, the RsGLK2.1 gene exhibited higher expression level in taproot with a green skin (GS) and green flesh (GF) than that in taproot of the white or red radish genotypes. RsGLK2.1 is a nuclear transcription factor that has intrinsic transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of RsGLK2.1 increased the total chlorophyll content of 20.68%-45.84% in radish leaves. Knockout of the RsGLK2.1 gene via CRISPR/Cas9 technology resulted in a significant decrease in the chlorophyll content. Overexpression of the RsGLK2.1 gene could restore the phenotype of the glk1glk2 mutant Arabidopsis. RsGLK2.1 was participated in regulating the chlorophyll biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoter of RsHEMA2 and activating its transcription. The interaction of RsNF-YA9a with RsGLK2.1 increased the transcriptional activity of the downstream gene RsHEMA2 under the light condition rather than the dark condition, indicating that both of them regulate the chlorophyll biosynthesis in a light-dependent manner of radish. Overall, these results provided insights into the molecular framework of the RsGLK2.1-RsNF-YA9a module, and could facilitate dissecting the regulatory mechanism underlying chlorophyll biosynthesis in green taproot of radish, and genetic improvement of quality traits in fruit radish breeding programs.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Plantas , Raphanus , Raphanus/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genéticaRESUMEN
Scenario endows a product with meanings. It has become the key to win the competition to design a product according to specific usage scene. Traditional scenario identification and product feature association methods have disadvantages such as subjectivity, high cost, coarse granularity, and limited scenario can be identified. In this regard, we propose a BERT-based scenario-feature identification model to effectively extract the information about users' experience and usage scene from online reviews. First, the scenario-feature identification framework is proposed to depict the whole identification process. Then, the BERT-based scene-sentence recognition model is constructed. The Skip-gram and word vector similarity methods are used to construct the scene and feature lexicon. Finally, the triad is constructed through the analysis of scene-feature co-occurrence matrix, which realizes the association of scenario and product features. This proposed model is of great practical value for product developers to better understand customer's requirements in specific scenarios. The experiments of scenario-feature identification from the reviews of Pacific Auto verifies the effectiveness of this method.
RESUMEN
Pollution from electronic-waste (E-waste) dismantling is of great concern. This study investigated the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 253 cropland soil samples around an abandoned E-waste dismantling site in Taizhou city, Zhejiang province in China, using an analytical method which simultaneously extracted, purified and determined the identity and quantity of the three types of persistent organic pollutants. Meanwhile, their spatial distributions, pollution characteristics, and risk assessments were further analyzed. Total PCBs in the test soils ranged from below method detection limits (ND) to 2985.25 µg kg-1 on a dry weight basis (d.w.), and the spatial distribution indicated a "hot spot" of PCBs pollution in the study area. The PAHs were detected in all samples with total concentrations ranging from 4.99 to 2723.06 µg kg-1 d.w. The distribution of PBDEs showed the pollution characteristics of "family-run workshops", with a total content range of ND ~ 899.34 µg kg-1 d.w., of which BDE209 was typically the dominant congener, accounting for 74.05% of the total PBDEs content in the test soils, with the highest content reaching 857.72 µg kg-1 d.w. Results showed that the ecological and lifetime carcinogenic risks of PCBs and PAHs were low in the study area, but the health risk caused by oral ingestion and dermal contact accounted for the highest proportion of the total exposure risks, while inhalation could be ignored. PBDEs in soils of the study area were a potential chronic non-carcinogenic risk, particularly for children. Therefore, in order to protect human health and environment, it is necessary to regulate the management of E-waste dismantling sites and pollution control.
Asunto(s)
Residuos Electrónicos , Bifenilos Policlorados , Niño , Humanos , Bifenilos Policlorados/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Residuos Electrónicos/análisis , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/análisis , Granjas , China , Suelo , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Rechargeable aqueous zinc iodine (ZnÇÇI2) batteries have been promising energy storage technologies due to low-cost position and constitutional safety of zinc anode, iodine cathode and aqueous electrolytes. Whereas, on one hand, the low-fraction utilization of electrochemically inert host causes severe shuttle of soluble polyiodides, deficient iodine utilization and sluggish reaction kinetics. On the other hand, the usage of high mass polar electrocatalysts occupies mass and volume of electrode materials and sacrifices device-level energy density. Here, we propose a "confinement-catalysis" host composed of Fe single atom catalyst embedding inside ordered mesoporous carbon host, which can effectively confine and catalytically convert I2/I- couple and polyiodide intermediates. Consequently, the cathode enables the high capacity of 188.2 mAh g-1 at 0.3 A g-1, excellent rate capability with a capacity of 139.6 mAh g-1 delivered at high current density of 15 A g-1 and ultra-long cyclic stability over 50,000 cycles with 80.5% initial capacity retained under high iodine loading of 76.72 wt%. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic host can also accelerate the [Formula: see text] conversion. The greatly improved electrochemical performance originates from the modulation of physicochemical confinement and the decrease of energy barrier for reversible I-/I2 and I2/I+ couples, and polyiodide intermediates conversions.