Techno-economic analysis of biogas production from domestic organic wastes and locally sourced material: the moderating role of social media based-awareness.

Management of organic waste addresses the issue of cleanliness and sanitation in developing nations such as Pakistan, where improper waste management usually leads to significant health problems and early mortality. The control of organic waste in rural regions of Pakistan and other developing nations needs to be undertaken using effective solutions. This study contributes to satisfying local needs such as cooking, lighting, and maintaining a comfortable temperature in anaerobic locations and works as a guideline for converting to biogas. This research aims to ascertain households' most substantial challenges concerning biogas production using domestic organic waste and locally sourced materials. The analysis is conducted on data from 81 respondents gathered using a comprehensive questionnaire assessment. Respondents were carefully chosen with the purposive sampling process. Primary data were collected from a structured questionnaire and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the formulated assumptions. The results indicate that managing organic waste positively influences the sustainable improvement of biogas using human organic waste and locally resourced materials. The selected variables and their moderating effect significantly and favorably influence this conceptual model. Furthermore, all manipulating influences are constructively connected with implementing biogas technology using organic waste and locally resourced material, minimizing household energy expenses, and satisfying local needs. This study concludes that the government's green energy policy and economic incentives encourage households to use biogas energy produced from organic waste and locally resourced material. The government should use modern technology, resident training, and expert methodological assistance to induce households into biogas production using domestic organic waste and locally resourced material. Finally, the study's limitations and suggestions for further research are also addressed.

Does biogas energy influence the sustainable development of entrepreneurial business? An application of the extended theory of planned behavior.

As a result of air pollution and accelerated climate change, entrepreneurship is gradually becoming a deciding factor in the global conversation about saving the planet with renewable energy sources. To sustain the economy and entrepreneurial culture for future generations, researchers and entrepreneurs seek environmentally friendly methods for supporting entrepreneurial enterprises. Fossil fuel-based energy has significantly impeded the country's sustainable development. Pakistan lacks research examining the connection between biogas energy technology and entrepreneurship. This study aims to cover this void in the literature by employing the theory of planned behavior to investigate bioenergy as a business prospect for supportable monetary growth. The primary data comprises 358 comprehensive questionnaire survey respondents. PLS-SEM verifies the model and examines the suppositions. According to pragmatic findings, all views are positively and substantially associated with the sustainable progress of business enterprises implementing biogas energy. In contrast, social media awareness had no moderating effect on the dependent variable. Consequently, social media awareness substantially modifies the associations between all independent variables adopting biogas energy. The results of this research indicate the standing of altering social customs regarding private enterprise, increasing businesspersons' consciousness of these matters, reforming controlling arrangements, and highlighting the assistance of business events made possible by biogas energy technology, which increases businesspeople's investment returns. Conclusively, the study's limits and approvals for future research are emphasized.

Can bioenergy act as an entrepreneurial opportunity for the sustainable economic development of an emerging economy? A socio-technical approach.

Challenges in adopting renewable energy have become significant roadblocks to the country's sustainable progress. There is a shortage of studies examining how adopting biogas energy plants affects entrepreneurship in Pakistan's off-grid areas. This study aims to address this gap in the literature by investigating bioenergy as an entrepreneurial opportunity for the sustainable economic development of an emerging economy. Primary data comprising 305 respondents was used in Punjab Province by employing an inclusive questionnaire survey. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique validates the model and analyzes the designated hypotheses. Empirical outcomes reveal that enhanced social and entrepreneurial prosperity adopting biogas plants, sustainable economic development of entrepreneurial businesses adopting biogas plants, and adoption in entrepreneurship improve the standard of living positively and significantly associated with intention to enhance entrepreneurship performance through biogas energy adoption. On the contrary, the production-cost reduction of adopting biogas plants in entrepreneurial businesses had no significant effect on intention to improve entrepreneurship performance through biogas energy adoption. Meanwhile, the intention to enhance entrepreneurship performance through biogas energy adoption positively mediates the relationship among enhanced social and entrepreneurial prosperity adopting biogas plants, sustainable economic development of entrepreneurial businesses adopting biogas plants, biogas plant adoption in entrepreneurship improves the standard of living, and economic development of entrepreneurial activities adopting biogas technology. Correspondingly, social media and word of mouth significantly moderate the relationships between the intention to enhance entrepreneurship performance through biogas energy adoption and the economic development of entrepreneurial activities adopting biogas energy. The results of this study show how crucial it is to change societal norms surrounding entrepreneurship, raise entrepreneurs' awareness of these issues, reform regulatory systems, and emphasize the benefits of entrepreneurial activities offered by biogas energy plants that grow entrepreneurs' standard of living. Finally, the study's limitations and recommendations for additional studies are highlighted.

Economic development, social media awareness, and technological innovation in biogas sector under climate change in the post-COVID-19 pandemic conditions.

After COVID-19, financing for emerging nation reserves in renewable energy bases was deemed a crucial aspect of sustainable development. Investing in biogas energy plants can be highly beneficial for lowering the use of fossil fuels. Using a survey of shareholders, investors, biogas energy professionals, and active social media participants in Pakistan, this study evaluates the intentions of individual investors to invest in biogas energy plants. The primary purpose of this study is to increase investment intent for biogas energy projects following COVID-19. This study focuses on financing biogas energy plants in the post-COVID-19 era and evaluates the research's assumptions using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The study employed the technique of purposive sampling to acquire data for this investigation. The results indicate that attitudes, perceived biogas energy benefits, perceived investment attitudes, and supervisory structure evaluations inspire one's propensity to finance biogas vitality plant efforts. The study found a link between eco-friendly responsiveness, monetary benefits, and investors' actions. The aspiration of investors to mark such reserves was set up to be unpretentious by their risk aversion. Conferring to the facts, evaluating the monitoring structure is the critical factor. The previous studies on investment behavior and other forms of pro-environmental intent and action yielded contradictory results. In addition, the regulatory environment was evaluated to see how the theory of planned behavior (TPB) affects financiers' objectives to participate in biogas power plants. The consequences of the study indicate that feelings of pride and discernment of energy expansively affect people's desire to invest in biogas plants. Biogas energy efficacy has little effect on investors' decisions to invest in biogas energy plants. This study offers policymakers practical ideas on enhancing investments in biogas energy plants.

Evaluating the environmental impact and economic practicability of solar home lighting systems: a roadmap towards clean energy for ecological sustainability.

The vitality contribution is a vital cause for defensible monetary improvement and collective success by eradicating poverty. Adopting the solar home lighting system (SHLS) is advantageous not only in social lifestyles but also improves the health of family members and increases home-based small businesses activities due to the inexpensive and continuous supply of energy. The main aims of the study are to scrutinize the most substantial barriers to adopting SHLS in Pakistan. A comprehensive, structured questionnaire appraisal was conducted for sample size with the help of non-probability sampling (purposive sampling), and primary data was collected. The designated hypotheses were evaluated using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). In the present study, we validate the model using a sample of 271 adopters of SHLS contributed as respondents. The results disclose that entire autonomous variables expressively and positively correlated with adopting SHLS dipping energy disasters and improving home-based small business activities. Correspondingly, social media-based awareness of SHLS significantly moderates and positively affects the selected factors in this study. Empirical results indicate that prudently eradicating maintenance barriers with experienced professionals, subsidy in prices from the government, quality base satisfaction of owners, and social media-based awareness are the primary tools to adopt SHLS. Additionally, the outcomes offer valuable suggestions to the competent authorities that introduce encouragement and maintenance policy for adopting SHLS.

Sustainable green revolution through the development of solar power projects in Pakistan: a techno-economic analysis.

Energy is essential to a recent way of life that needs to be addressed in economic and environmentally supportable improvement negotiations. The economic output of solar energy development has become the primary concern, particularly in emerging nations like Pakistan. The present research estimates a techno-economic analysis and sustainable green revolution by improving this country's solar energy projects (SEP). The study observes the moderating role of top management and risk factors of the procedures between financial management procedures and the economic output of SEP. A comprehensive opinion poll assessment accomplishes the investigation on facts from 61 respondents (finance executives, financial managers, shareholders, and owner investors). Partly least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) evaluates the hypotheses. The findings indicate that a techno-economic analysis and green revolution favor the ecological improvement of solar energy installations. The cash-flow analysis significantly contributes to the SEP's improved economic output. In addition, the results reveal that the role of top management and risk factors suggestively moderate the relationship between financial management procedures and the economic output of SEP. These outcomes give policymakers, competent authorities, and regulators an excellent guide to upsurge cleaner fabrication and ecological improvement of SEP.

Is environmental sustainability transmissible? Transportation-based environmental taxation spillovers for sustainable development.

Environmental sustainability investigation has been a hotly debated topic of the modern literature; however, past studies have primarily overlooked its transmissibility or spillover outreach across economies. Herein, we investigate the novel aspect of whether transportation-based environmental taxation spatially induces spillover impacts across Italy, Germany, and France over the 1994-2020 period by employing a simultaneous spatial equation with multi-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling (DSGEM) framework. Transportation-based environmental taxation of the domestic economy negatively impacts its own investment and consumption, while it impacts the economy of neighboring economies positively. Change in output and investment in the domestic economy can be well explained by the environmental volatility of the domestic economy, whereas the environmental volatility of neighboring economies does not contribute much to explain the change in investment and output of the domestic economy. Volatility in pollution discharge occurs more by environmental volatility in the neighboring economy than in the domestic economy, and validating that environmental sustainability is transmissible across regions and economies. It urgently calls for environmental protection policies integrated and coordinated across the countries and regions to spread and capitalize on environmentally and economically favorable and sustainable effects globally. Achieving the spatially transmitted positive environmental and economic outcomes would help strengthen the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), with a particular focus on Climate Action (SDG13), Sustainable Production and Consumption (SDG12), and Affordable and Sustainable Energy for All (SDG7).

Relating biogas technology and environmental impact assessment: a roadmap towards clean energy for environmental sustainability.

Atmosphere contamination and fast weather change have compelled scientists and entrepreneurs to seek eco-friendly solutions for saving the earth. Increasing energy consumption depletes limited natural resources and harms the climate and ecology. In this regard, biogas technology contributes in two ways: satisfying energy needs and saving plants. Pakistan is a farming nation with enormous biogas-based energy generating potential. The primary objectives of this study are to identify the most significant barriers to farmers' investment in biogas technology. Non-probability sampling (purposive sampling) was utilized to establish the sample size. Ninety-seven investors and farmers were systematically sampled in biogas technology engaged in this survey. The planned questionnaire was practiced to obtain key facts via online interviews. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate designated hypotheses. The current research concludes that entire autonomous variables are substantial and interrelated with investment in biogas machinery, dropping energy disasters, and accomplishing environmental, financial, and maintenance government support objectives. The results also revealed that electronic and social media play a moderating influence. This conceptual model is considerably and positively affected by the chosen factors and their moderation. This study concludes that the primary tools for attracting farmers and investors in biogas technology are proper biogas technology awareness with relevant experts, financial and maintenance government responsibility, user efficiency and environmental concern of biogas plants, and the role of electronic and social media. The results also advised that the government should implement an incentive and maintenance policy to entice new farmers and investors in Pakistan to build biogas technology. Finally, the study's limitations and recommendations for additional studies are highlighted.

A novel EKC perspective: do agricultural production, energy transition, and urban agglomeration achieve ecological sustainability?

We aim to analyze the existence of a novel agricultural production-augmented environmental Kuznets curve (EKC-AP) theory for energy transition, urban agglomeration, and financial depth. To conduct this research, we use a global panel of selected 54 countries belonging to low, medium, and high levels of economic development from 1971 to 2017. Since our data are distributed into three development levels, it is highly likely to face cross-sectional dependence across the countries within and between the development levels, which may provide biased empirical results. To outpace such possibility, we employ advanced econometric strategies, which are robust to cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity issues. We found that agricultural production, energy transition, urban agglomeration, financial depth, and ecological degradation experience a long-term cointegrating equilibrium association. We also confirm that exists an EKC-AP linkage of agricultural production with ecological degradation in highly developed economies, while those at the low and medium levels of development reveal a positive exponential and monotonic impact, respectively, of agricultural production on ecological degradation. The energy transition is found to promote ecological sustainability in developed countries through technique impact, while it deteriorates the ecological quality in countries at the medium development level. Moreover, urban agglomeration adversely impacts the ecological quality in the economies at low and medium development levels, whereas it improves the ecological sustainability in developed economies. Besides, financial depth proves harmful to ecological sustainability, with less subtle effects in developed economies. Based on our findings, for countries at low and medium levels of development, we propose advancing farming techniques using ecologically friendly technologies, promoting green energy transition, expanding the share of the services sector, and providing green financial systems to support green investment projects to achieve the Sustainable Development agenda of the United Nations.

Modeling the economic viability and performance of solar home systems: a roadmap towards clean energy for environmental sustainability.

Energy is a necessary source of economic development and social prosperity, linked with primary production and consumption activities worldwide. In this regard, solar home systems (SHSs) are beneficial in two ways, i.e., saving vitality overheads and meeting the energy demand of small enterprises. The current study aims to evaluate the performance of adopting SHS to develop the small-scale industry in Pakistan. An inclusive questionnaire survey was conducted, and respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method. As a step further, we scrutinize the moderating role of awareness and understanding of technology between the node of adopting SHS and the monetary enactment of small-scale industry. We authenticate the model using a sample of 357 respondents by applying the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results indicate that low-cost energy through SHSs has a progressive and substantial linkage with the demonstration of small-scale industry and enhances the quality of energy supply in Pakistan. Similarly, awareness and understanding of SHS significantly moderate the relationships between enhanced energy supply through SHS, the quality of SHS, and the performance of the small-scale industry. These findings provide a valuable guideline to the regulation developing authorities that more attention is needed to focus on SHS to further improve the performance of small-scale industry.

Modeling factors of biogas technology adoption: a roadmap towards environmental sustainability and green revolution.

In a developing country such as Pakistan, adopting biogas technology is a complicated process. The government has taken several steps to address energy issues by increasing biogas facilities. This research seeks to identify the major barriers to the deployment of biogas plants. Respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method. As a result, 79 adopters of biogas plants participated. Utilizing a structured questionnaire, primary data were collected. Hypotheses were evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Study results demonstrate that all influencing factors are favorably associated with implementing biogas technology, minimizing energy crises, and achieving cost-cutting objectives. In addition, the findings show that properly reducing economic and governmental barriers, encourage farmers to use biogas plants productively and substantially. To build biogas facilities, the government should adopt an economic strategy, owner training, day-to-day operations, and professional technical assistance.

Analysis of China's regional thermal electricity generation and CO2 emissions: Decomposition based on the generalized Divisia index.

Even though Chinese government has been promoting the development of renewable energy, coal-fired thermal electricity generation still accounts for nearly 70% of the total electricity generation, proving to be the largest carbon dioxide (CO2) emitter in China. Uncovering the driving forces of CO2 emissions, thus, is of great significance to provide appropriate mitigation policies for the sustainable development of China's thermal electricity generation. In this regard, this study aims to fill a research gap by applying Index Decomposition Analysis (IDA) approach via the Generalized Divisia Index Model (GDIM) to examine the driving factors behind the CO2 emission changes in China's thermal electricity generation during 2000-2016. The decomposition results indicate that the factors contributing to the growth in CO2 emission can be ranked as follows: economic activity (52.0%), electricity demand (45.8%) and energy use (36.2%), whereas factors suppressing the growth in the mission are carbon intensity change (-17.7%), technology (-11.3%), energy mix (-2.4%), energy efficiency (-1.7%) and electricity efficiency (-0.9%). Noteworthy, the promoting effect of the economic activity varied little with time, whereas that of electricity demand and energy use exhibited a downward trend in general. Besides, though the progress in technology contributed a lot to the decrease of CO2 emission, its decreasing effects tended to diminish since 2013. Northeast and East regions appeared as those contributing to the mitigation of the CO2 emissions from China's thermal electricity generation, whereas the North and Northwest regions exerted a lag to the abatement of CO2 emission.