Determination of patellar ligament and anterior cruciate ligament geometry using MRI.

Ligament geometry is crucial to surgical treatment success in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This study aimed to optimize the MRI technique to elucidate the geometry of the patellar ligament (PL) and ACL in vivo. A 1.5-T superconducting MRI system with a special surface coil and fast spin echo was used to acquire high-resolution T1-weighted images (H-T1WI) of the ACL. The sagittal plane angle was 10° to 15° towards the inner side of the vertical line of the tangent line axis of the femoral intercondylar fossa. The H-T1WI images of the PL were centered at the lower margin of the patella and the center of the tibial tuberosity. The lengths of the PL and ACL were measured using a Radworks 5.1 workstation. ACL and PL lengths were compared between left and right knees and between genders, and left PL length measurements obtained separately by three doctors underwent correlation analysis. The quality of the images satisfied the clinical measurement requirements. The duration of sagittal image acquisition was 2 min and 25 s. The average PL length was 42.20 ± 4.21 and 40.15 ± 4.00 mm, and the average ACL length was 36.98 ± 4.12 and 35.80 ± 4.67 mm, in male and female subjects, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients of the PL lengths obtained by the three specialists were greater than 0.997. This MRI technique provides highly stable and repeatable in vivo data of PL and ACL geometry relevant to ACL reconstruction surgery with PL grafts.

Morphometric indexes and computerized diagnosis of gastric dysplasia.

In general, the diagnosis and grading of dysplasia of the gastric mucosa depends upon the pathologist's experience. The authors suggest N/C, P1/D1, P2/D2, R/R and NCI as 5 morphometric indexes and objective criteria in diagnosis and grading of this lesion. N/C involves the ratio of nuclei to cytoplasm; P1/D1 is the ratio of the dysplastic tubule perimeter to the diameter of its equivalent circle (obtained by transformation of the irregular perimeter); P2/D2 is the ratio of perimeter obtained by tracing the edges of nuclei bordering the lumen of the dysplastic tube to the diameter of the equivalent circle; R/R is the ratio of P1/D1 to P2/D2, which remains almost constant in spite of the fact that P values of tubules cutting through normal branches may increase in cases without atypia. For this reason, R/R may be regarded as an index for estimating the reasonability of the sampling. NCI is the ratio of nuclear perimeter to the diameter of its equivalent circle. In accordance with the above indexes, the diagnosis and grading of dysplasia can be assigned by computer analysis.

[Computer diagnosis of gastric dysplasia and program design].

Two step processes were taken in computer diagnosis of gastric dysplasia. 1. 5 measurement values of dysplastic glandular tube obtained by using image analysis system were taken as the basis for judging the degree of dysplasia. Three glandular tubes of dysplasia were measured in each case. 2. Computer pathology diagnostic program using BASIC language ran in IBM computer. 5 parameters were input into computer for three stage-diagnosis. The first stage: 5 parameters were counted basing on three models to obtain three values which reflected the objective feature of the same glandular tube from different aspects. The second stage: diagnosis of a dysplastic glandular tube was obtained depending on the three values judged synthetically. Variate 'N' was introduced for controlling the first and second stage diagnosis of the three glandular tubes. The third stage diagnosis started as soon as N = 3. The third stage: diagnostic values of three glandular tubes were balanced and analysed depending on diagnostic criteria to reach the final diagnosis.

[Morphologic measurement for diagnosis of gastric dysplasia].

Gastric dysplasia is a very important precancerous change recognized only by histological examination. The objective indexes of diagnosing the dysplastic change are hardly established. It is desirable to translate enumeration data of histopathology into measurement data in order to obtain objective measurement criteria for the diagnosis of gastric dysplasia. In this paper, three measurement indexes N/C, P1/D1 and P2/D2 are proposed. N/C represents the ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm, showing the cellular atypia. P1/D1 represents the ratio of outer perimeter of the measured glandular tube and diameter of an equivalent circle, showing the structural atypia. P2/D2 is the ratio of perimeter of the irregular shape by tracing the end of the nuclei near the lumen of the tube and diameter of an equivalent circle, showing both cellular and structural atypia. The results indicate that these three measurement criteria can be taken as the objective indexes for diagnosing gastric dysplasia and predicting its potential malignancy.

[Precancerous lesion and carcinogenesis of stomach cancer].

A research on pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma was carried out by observing microcarcinoma, small carcinoma, early multicarcinoma as well as the mucosa around the cancer. The results show that the site of different types of carcinoma is correlated to the type of gastric dysplasia. In this paper, various types of gastric dysplasia and multicentric histogenesis of gastric cancer are discussed.

[Immunocytochemical study of monoclonal antibody 83YH2 in stomach cancer].

Using the avidin biotin complex (ABC) immunocytochemical stain, 97 cases of stomach cancer were examined for monoclonal antibody 83YH2. The positive rate was 82.47% (80/97) in stomach cancer with various types of differentiation. Some gastric epithelial cells and intestinal metaplastic cells near the cancer foci also showed weak positivity. But 83YH2 was not detected in normal human tissues. In the same stomach cancer cases, CEA test was also performed. The positive rate and distribution of CEA was almost similar to that of 83YH2, despite the fact that it was verified, by the immunoblock test, that 83YH2 was a different antigen. The results show that 83YH2 is an associated antigen of stomach cancer.