Quantifying chemical correlations between fruits and processed fruit products: A non-targeted analysis approach.

Juices and beverages are produced by industry for long-distance distribution and shelf-stability, providing valuable nutrients. However, their nutritional value is often underestimated due to insufficient analytical methods. We have employed non-targeted analysis through a standardized analytical protocol, taking advantage of Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) technique and a novel Chromatographic Retention Behavior (CRB) data deconvolution algorithm. After analyzing 9 fruits and their products, correlations between fruits and their juices are accurately digitalized by similarities of their LC-MS fingerprints. We also specify non-targeted molecules primarily associate with nutrient loss in these analyzed juice products, including nitrogenous nutrients, flavonoids, glycosides, and vitamins. Moreover, we unveiled previously unreported fruit-characteristic metabolites, of which reconstituted-from-concentrate (RFC) juices contain over 40% of the content found in their fresh counterparts. Conclusively, our method establishes a quantitative benchmark for rational selection of RFC juices to substitute natural fruits.

Donepezil ameliorates oxygen­glucose deprivation/reoxygenation­induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction through PARP1/NF­κB signaling.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious clinical condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Donepezil plays a neuroprotective role in I/R­associated diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and the potential mechanism of action of donepezil in I/R­induced myocardial microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction. An I/R model was simulated using oxygen­glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase release were examined following treatment with donepezil. Commercial kits were used to evaluate cell apoptosis, cell permeability and caspase­3 activity. The expression levels of apoptosis­associated proteins, as well as proteins found in tight junctions or involved in the poly(ADP­ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)/NF­κB pathway, were measured using western blotting. These parameters were also examined following PARP1 overexpression. The results demonstrated that donepezil increased cell viability and reduced toxicity in OGD/R­treated CMECs. The apoptotic rate, caspase­3 activity and protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase­3 were significantly reduced following donepezil treatment, which was accompanied by Bcl­2 upregulation. Moreover, cell permeability was notably reduced, coupled with a marked increase in the expression of tight junction­associated proteins. The expression levels of proteins related to PARP1/NF­κB signaling were significantly downregulated in CMECs following donepezil treatment. However, the protective effects of donepezil on OGD/R­induced CMEC injury were reversed following PARP1 overexpression. In conclusion, donepezil suppressed OGD/R­induced CMEC dysfunction via PARP1/NF­κB signaling. This finding provided insight into the mechanism underlying myocardial I/R injury.

SPE-HPLC-MS/MS method for the trace analysis of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in rabbit plasma using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica as a sorbent.

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), including N'-nitrosonornicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, N'-nitrosoanatabine, and N'-nitrosoanabasine, have been implicated as a source of carcinogenicity in tobacco and cigarette smoke. We present a rapid and effective method comprising SPE based on tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica as sorbent and analysis with HPLC-MS/MS for the determination of TSNAs and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a metabolite of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, in rabbit plasma. The linear dynamic ranges were 10-2000 pg/mL for NNAL and 4-2000 pg/mL for the four TSNAs with good correlation coefficients (>0.9965). The LODs were in the range of 0.9-3.7 pg/mL, and the LOQs were between 2.9 and 12.3 pg/mL. The accuracies of the method were also evaluated and found to be in the range of 90.1-113.3%. This method is promising to be applied to the preconcentration and determination of TSNAs and NNAL in smoke and human body fluids.