A Room-Temperature Lithium-Restocking Strategy for the Direct Reuse of Degraded LiFePO4 Electrodes.

The sustainable development of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries calls for efficient recycling technologies for spent LFP (SLFP). Even for the advanced direct material regeneration (DMR) method, multiple steps including separation, regeneration, and electrode refabrication processes are still needed. To circumvent these intricacies, new regeneration methods that allow direct electrode reuse (DER) by rejuvenating SLFP electrodes without damaging its structure are desired. Here, a 0.1 M lithium triethyl borohydride/tetrahydrofuran solution, which has the proper reductive capability to reduce Fe3+ in SLFP to Fe2+ without alloying with the aluminum current collector, is selected as the lithiation/regeneration reagent to restock the Li loss and regenerate SLFP electrodes. By soaking the SLFP electrodes in the lithiation solution, we successfully rejuvenated the crystal structure and electrochemical activity of SLFP electrodes with structural integrity within only 6 minutes at room temperature. When being directly reused, the regenerated LFP electrodes deliver a high specific capacity of 162.6 mAh g-1 even after being exposed to air for 3 months. The DER strategy presents significant economic and environmental benefits compared with the DMR method. This research provides a timely and innovative solution for recycling spent blade batteries using large-sized LFP electrodes, boosting the closed-loop development of LFP batteries.

CdWO4 Sub-1 nm Nanowires for Visible-light CO2 Photoreduction.

Quantum size effect usually causes energy level splitting and band broadening as material size decreases. However, this may change again by the surface adsorbents, doping and defects, which rarely attracts much attention. Herein, CdWO4 sub-1 nm nanowires (SNWs) with oleylamine adsorption, PO43--doping and oxygen defects are synthesized by combining Cd(CH3COO)2, H3PW12O40 (PW12) and oleylamine (abbreviated as PO43--CdWO4-X SNWs). Compared with bulk CdWO4, they exhibit unexpected absorption spectra (extended from 292 nm to 453 nm) and bandgap (reduced from 4.25 eV to 2.74 eV), thus bringing remarkable visible-light CO2 photoreduction activity. Under 410 nm LED light irradiation, PO43--CdWO4-40 SNWs exhibit the highest photocatalytic performance with a CO2-to-CO generation rate of 1685 µmol g-1 h-1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the adsorbed oleylamine raises the valence band and enhances the adsorption of reaction substrate and intermediates, thus decreasing their reduction energy barriers. Furthermore, PO43--doping and oxygen defects will generate defect energy band below the conduction band of PO43--CdWO4-40 SNWs, resulting in remarkable visible light absorption and superior photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. This work highlights the significant impacts of surface adsorbents, doping and defects on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of sub-nano materials.

Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075 attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity by improving gut microbiota composition and histidine biosynthesis.

This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-obesity efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075. The study analyzed fecal metagenomic data from 120 obese and 100 non-obese individuals. C57BL/6 mice on normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with L. acidophilus CICC 6075 by daily oral gavage for 12 weeks, followed by evaluations of the obesity phenotype. Metagenomic analysis revealed depletion of L. acidophilus in obese individuals. Administration of L. acidophilus CICC 6075 attenuated excessive weight gain and fat accumulation and maintained the intestinal barrier in HFD-induced obese mice. Sequencing results showed that HFD hindered α- and ß-diversity while reducing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and norank_f_Muribaculaceae and significantly increasing the relative abundance of Ileibacterium. L. acidophilus CICC 6075 reversed these results and reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Supplementation of L. acidophilus CICC 6075 enhanced histidine biosynthesis, inhibited the NF-κB pathway, and significantly reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors in adipose tissue. These results indicate that L. acidophilus CICC 6075 alleviates HFD-induced obesity in mice by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway and enhancing gut microbiota functionality. This suggests that L. acidophilus CICC 6075 may be a good candidate probiotic for preventing obesity.

Risk prediction models for disability in older adults: a systematic review and critical appraisal.

BACKGROUND: The amount of prediction models for disability in older adults is increasing but the prediction performance of different models varies greatly, and the quality of prediction models is still unclear. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and critically appraise the studies on risk prediction models for disability in older adults. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database, published up until June 30, 2023. Data were extracted according to the Checklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS). The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability of the included studies. In addition, all included studies were evaluated for clinical value. RESULTS: A total of 5722 articles were initially retrieved from databases, 16 studies and 17 prediction models were finally included after screening. The sample sizes of studies ranged from 420 to 90,889. Model development methods mainly included logistic regression analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression, and machine learning methods. The C statistic or area under the curve (AUC) of models ranged from 0.650 to 0.853, and nine models had C statistic/AUC higher than 0.75. Age, chronic disease, gender, self-rated health, body mass index (BMI), drinking, smoking and education level were the most common predictors. According to the PROBAST, all included studies were at high risk of bias, and 10 studies were at high concerns for applicability. Only two studies reported following the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariate Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement. After evaluation, only two models reached the standard of clinical value. CONCLUSION: Although most of the included prediction models had acceptable discrimination, the overall quality and clinical value of the current studies were poor. In the future, researchers should follow the TRIPOD statement and PROBAST checklist to develop prediction models with larger sample sizes, more reasonable study designs, and more scientific analysis methods, to improve the predictive performance and application value. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42023446657).

Effects of Paecilomyces lilacinus and Bacillus pumilus on stem nematode and rhizosphere bacterial communities of sweet potato.

Stem nematode (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne) is considered one of the most economically devastating species affecting sweet potato production. Biocontrol offers a sustainable strategy for nematode control. This study conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus CS-Z and Bacillus pumilus Y-26 against the stem nematode, as well as to examine their influence on the bacterial communities in the sweet potato rhizosphere. The findings indicated that B.pumilus Y-26 and P.lilacinus CS-Z exhibited respective suppression rates of 82.9% and 85.1% against the stem nematode, while also stimulating sweet potato plant growth. Both high-throughput sequencing and Biolog analysis revealed distinct impacts of the treatments on the bacterial communities. At the phylum level, B.pumilus Y-26 enhanced the abundance of Actinobacteria but reduced the abundance of Cyanobacteria, with P.lilacinus CS-Z exhibiting similar effects. Additionally, the treatment with B.pumilus Y-26 resulted in increased abundances of Crossiella, Gaiella, Bacillus, and Streptomyces at the genus level, while the treatment with P.lilacinus CS-Z showed increased abundances of Crossiella and Streptomyces. In contrast, the abundance of Pseudarthrobacter was reduced in the treatment with B.pumilus Y-26. Conversely, the application of the nematicide fosthiazate exhibited minor influence on the bacterial community. The findings indicated that the application of P.lilacinus CS-Z and B.pumilus Y-26 led to an increase in the relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms, including Gaiella, Bacillus, and Streptomyces, in the rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, P.lilacinus CS-Z and B.pumilus Y-26 demonstrated their potential as environmentally friendly biocontrol agents for managing stem nematode disease of sweet potato.

The clinical value of combined detection of seven lung cancer-related autoantibodies in assisting the diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer.

Aim: Evaluate the clinical value of lung-cancer-related autoantibodies (CAGE, GAGE7, GBU4-5, MAGEA1, P53, PGP9.5, SOX2) in auxiliary diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: We detected the concentrations of above 7 antibodies and lung cancer markers (CEA, NSE, CYFRE21-1) and drew area under the receiver characteristic curve of 316 patients.Results: The concentrations of CAGE, GBU4-5, MAGEA1, P53, PGP9.5 and SOX2 of significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.01). The sensitivity of different stages and pathological types of NSCLC consistent. Among them, the sensitivity of combined-detection in diagnosing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma significantly better than CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1.Conclusion: The combined detection has better efficacy in assisting the diagnosis of NSCLC and has certain clinical promotion and application value.

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Identification and validation of potential prognostic biomarkers in glioblastoma via the mesenchymal stem cell infiltration level.

Aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key components in promoting glioblastoma (GBM) progression. This study aimed to explore new therapeutic targets and related pathogenic mechanisms based on different MSCs infiltration levels in GBM patients. Methods: We estimated the relationship between cell infiltration and prognosis of GBM. Subsequently, key risk genes were identified and prognostic models were constructed by LASSO-Cox analysis. The risk genes were validated by five independent external cohorts, single-cell RNA analysis, and immunohistochemistry of human GBM tissues. TIDE analysis predicted responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors in different risk groups. Results: The MSCs infiltration level was negatively associated with survival in GBM patients. LOXL1, LOXL4, and GUCA1A are key risk genes that promote GBM progression and may act through complex intercellular communication. Conclusion: This research has provided a comprehensive study for exploring the MSCs infiltration environment on GBM progression, which could shed light on novel biomarkers and mechanisms involved in GBM progression.

Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) disrupts sex differentiation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) via an epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation.

Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA), an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid, has been shown to have estrogenic effects. However, its potential to disrupt fish sex differentiation during gonadal development remains unknown. Therefore, this study exposed zebrafish to HFPO-TA from approximately 2 hours post fertilization (hpf) to 60 days post fertilization (dpf) to investigate its effects on sex differentiation. Results indicated that HFPO-TA disrupted steroid hormone homeostasis, delayed gonadal development in both sexes, and resulted in a female-skewed sex ratio in zebrafish. HFPO-TA exposure up-regulated gene expressions of cyp19a1a, esr1, vtg1 and foxl2, while down-regulated those of amh, sox9a and dmrt1. These suggested that HFPO-TA dysregulated the expressions of key genes related to sex differentiation of zebrafish, promoted the production and activation of estrogen, and further induced the feminization. Interestingly, we observed promoter hypomethylation of cyp19a1a and promoter hypermethylation of amh in male zebrafish, which were negatively associated with their gene expressions. These suggested that HFPO-TA dysregulated these key genes through DNA methylation in their promoters. Therefore, the HFPO-TA disrupted the sex differentiation of zebrafish through an epigenetic mechanism involving DNA methylation, ultimately skewing the sex ratio towards females. Overall, this study demonstrated adverse effects of HFPO-TA on fish sex differentiation and provided novel insights into the underlying epigenetic mechanism.

A complete course of photodynamic therapy reduced the risk of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown good short-term efficacy in the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OLK). However, the malignant transformation of OLK was seldom evaluated in most PDT studies. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of PDT on the risk of malignant transformation of OLK. METHODS: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, COX regression, and sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate the effects of PDT on the risk of malignant transformation of OLK. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the role of PDT in OLK patients with different clinical characteristics. RESULTS: OLK patients with older age (HR=1.032, P=0.018) and non-homogeneous lesion (HR=2.104, P=0.044) had higher risk of malignant transformation. Patients who had finished a complete course of PDT (HR=0.305, P=0.006) had a significant lower risk of malignant transformation, while those who hadn't finished a complete course of PDT (HR=0.692, P=0.352) cannot be considered to have such a protective effect. In the subgroup analyses, complete PDT course showed a significant protective effect on malignant transformation of OLK in patients with female sex, no smoking or drinking habits, non-homogeneous lesions, lesions on oral mucosa outside the dangerous region, and any grade of epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: A complete course of PDT could significantly reduce the risk of malignant transformation of OLK, especially in those patients with risk factors of malignant transformation.

High proton conductivity of sulfonate-amine ionic HOFs and enhancement of SPEEK composite membranes.

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are crystalline materials assembled by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions, and their hydrogen-bonding structures are effective pathways for proton transport. Herein, we synthesize iHOF-45 using 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonicacid sodium salt with 2D hydrogen-bonding networks. The introduction of ionic bond based on the weak hydrogen-bonding force was employed to enhance the stability of ionic HOFs (iHOFs). Thermal analyses demonstrated that iHOF-45 exhibited excellent thermal stability up to 332 °C. The proton conductivity of iHOF-45 was evaluated, demonstrating a notable increase with rising temperature and RH. At 100 °C and 98% RH, the conductivity reached 5.25 × 10-3 S cm-1. The activation energy (Ea) of iHOF-45 was calculated to be 0.281 eV for 98% RH, and the proton conduction was attributed to the Grotthuss mechanism, whereby the protons were transported in 2D hydrogen-bonding networks. Moreover, iHOF-45 was doped into SPEEK to prepare composite membranes, the proton conductivity of the 15%-iHOF-45/SPEEK membrane reached 9.52 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 80 °C and 98% RH, representing a 45.1% increase over that of the SPEEK. This suggests that doping enhances the proton conductivity of SPEEK and providing a reference for the development of high proton conductivity materials.

Short-term temperature changes affected the predation ability of Orius similis on Bemisia tabaci nymphs.

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), a major pest that can adversely affect economies and agriculture globally, is particularly sensitive to climate change-induced temperature fluctuations, which can intensify its outbreaks. Orius similis Zheng, a primary natural predator of B. tabaci, also experiences temperature-related effects that influence its biocontrol efficacy. Thus, understanding the response of O. similis to temperature changes is pivotal for optimizing its biocontrol potential. Herein, our investigations showed that the functional response of O. similis to both high- and low-instar nymphs of B. tabaci adheres to the type II model at temperatures of 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C. At 28 °C, O. similis exhibits the highest instantaneous attack rate (high-instar: 1.1580, low-instar: 1.2112), and the shortest handling time per prey (high-instar: 0.0218, low-instar: 0.0191). The efficacy of O. similis in controlling B. tabaci nymphs follows the sequence: 28 °C > 25 °C > 31 °C > 22 °C > 19 °C. Additionally, search efficiency inversely correlates with prey density. Simulations using the Hessell-Varley interference model indicate that increased density of O. similis under any temperature condition leads to reduced predation rates. Moreover, O. similis shows a predation preference for low-instar nymphs of B. tabaci, with higher predation level observed at the same temperature. In conclusion, for effective control of B. tabaci in field releases, O. similis should be optimally released at temperatures between 25 and 28 °C to preferably target the egg or early nymph stages of B. tabaci and determining the appropriate number of O. similis is important to minimize interference among individuals and enhance biocontrol efficacy.

The ideal path to a good death: An international meta-synthesis of rural residents' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Rural areas frequently encounter restricted access to healthcare and end-of-life services. Given current pressing realities, understanding their unique perspectives on what constitutes a good death is essential. Existing research has largely overlooked the voices of rural residents. AIM: To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of rural residents' expectations regarding a good death. DESIGN: A meta-synthesis. By exploring the logic within relevant content, the stages of the life course serve as the framework for integration. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) were systematically searched from their inception to May 2023. RESULT: Of the 1100 articles retrieved, 8 studies were included. This paper outlines "the path to a rural good death": (1) When death is perceived as distant: acknowledge its inevitability while striving to achieve a successful and complete life journey. (2) As death approaches: maintain composure and have the capacity and support to face it. (3) When death truly arrives: depart in an envisioned scenario. (4) What's left behind: be properly arranged. CONCLUSION: The essential characteristics of a rural good death align with previous interpretations. However, distinct aspects emerge: communities play a significant role, characterized by reciprocal relationships; the role of medicine is less emphasized; and "rurality" deeply shapes residents' expectations of a good death. The pathway to a good death presented in this article is aspirational, requiring collaborative efforts to make it a tangible reality.

Sex and Age Influence the Relationship Between Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C and Carotid Plaque in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

We investigated the effect of sex and age on the association between serum creatinine/cystatin C (CCR) ratio and carotid plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The carotid plaque group and the non-plaque group were divided according to cervical vascular ultrasound; the general and biochemical data of the two groups were compared according to CCR, gender, and age. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing carotid plaque. A total of 1429 patients with T2DM were included in this study. On multivariate analysis, CCR was an independent predictor of carotid plaque with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.681 [1.250-2.260]. The risk of carotid plaque in men with T2DM increased significantly (P < .05) with decreasing levels of CCR. In addition, an association between CCR and carotid plaque was found in individuals with T2DM <65 years of age (P < .05). CCR is strongly associated with the risk of carotid plaques in persons with T2DM and are an independent risk factor for carotid plaques in men and people aged <65 years with T2DM.

Recent Developments in Personal Glucose Meters as Point-of-Care Testing Devices (2020-2024).

Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a contemporary diagnostic approach characterized by its user-friendly nature, cost efficiency, environmental compatibility, and lack of reliance on professional experts. Therefore, it is widely used in clinical diagnosis and other analytical testing fields to meet the demand for rapid and convenient testing. The application of POCT technology not only improves testing efficiency, but also brings convenience and benefits to the healthcare industry. The personal glucose meter (PGM) is a highly successful commercial POCT tool that has been widely used not only for glucose analysis, but also for non-glucose target detection. In this review, the recent advances from 2020 to 2024 in non-glucose target analysis for PGMs as POCT devices are summarized. The signal transduction strategies for non-glucose target analysis based on PGMs, including enzymatic transduction, nanocarrier transduction (enzyme or glucose), and glucose consumption transduction are briefly introduced. Meanwhile, the applications of PGMs in non-glucose target analysis are outlined, encompassing biomedical, environmental, and food analysis, along with other diverse applications. Finally, the prospects of and obstacles to employing PGMs as POCT tools for non-glucose target analysis are discussed.

Foliar application of silicon and selenium reduce the toxicity of cadmium to soybeans.

Silicon (Si) and selenium (Se), two environmental protection materials, which are beneficial to plant growth and stress resistance, can also alleviate crop stress induced by heavy metals. However, the effects of Si, Se and their interactions in reducing cadmium (Cd) toxicity and the related mechanisms require further elucidation. Hence, this study implemented a foliar application of Si and Se on soybean (Glycine max L.) that subjected to Cd-induced stress with four treatments (sole/combined application of Si, Se, no fertilizer treatment). The results demonstrated that Si and Se showed effective mitigation of Cd toxicity on soybeans mainly by promoting growth, enhancing photosynthesis, maintaining root vigor, improving antioxidant capacity, alleviating oxidative damage, altering the storage form, subcellular distribution of Cd in soybeans, and was more noticeable when combined overall (Si + Se＞Se＞Si). Si + Se increased root activity by 28% and CAT activity in leaves by 130.65%. Overall, the combined application of Si and Se exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect in enhancing the healthy growth of soybean plants under Cd pollution, with a more prominent impact observed following the second fertilization.

Bevacizumab reduces cerebral radiation necrosis due to stereotactic radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: an inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.

Background: Cerebral radiation necrosis (RN), a severe complication of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), has been shown to significantly decrease patient survival time and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether bevacizumab can prevent or reduce the occurrence of SRT-induced cerebral RN in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of NSCLC patients with brain metastases from March 2013 to June 2023 who were treated with SRT. Patients were divided into two groups: those in the bevacizumab group received SRT with four cycles of bevacizumab, and patients in the control group received SRT only. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed based on a multinomial propensity score model to balance the baseline characteristics. The chi-square test was used. A Cox model was used to evaluate overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled, namely, 28 patients in the bevacizumab group and 52 patients in the control group. The possibility of developing cerebral RN and/or symptomatic edema (RN/SE) was significantly decreased in patients treated with bevacizumab compared to those who did not receive bevacizumab before IPTW (p=0.036) and after IPTW (p=0.015) according to chi-square analysis. The IPTW-adjusted median OS was 47.7 months (95% CI 27.4-80.8) for patients in the bevacizumab group and 44.1 months (95% CI 36.7-68.0) (p=0.364) for patients in the control group. Conclusion: The application of bevacizumab concurrent with SRT may prevent or reduce the occurrence of cerebral RN in NSCLC patients with brain metastases.

Correlation analysis between Radix Pseudostelariae quality and rhizosphere soil factors of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in a cultivation region, China.

BACKGROUND: Pseudostellaria heterophylla, known for its significant bioactive ingredients, offers potential health benefits. Amounts of bioactive compounds of the tuberous root of cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla are sensitive to environmental conditions. We selected 22 sampling sites in Guizhou Province, China, a primary Pseudostellaria heterophylla planting area. We analyzed polysaccharides, water-soluble extractives, total ash and inorganic elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg and Ca) in Radix Pseudostellariae, and pH, organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK) and inorganic elements in the soil. RESULTS: Our study revealed a substantial presence of polysaccharides (85.00-181.00 mg g-1), water-soluble extractives (47.52-57.63%) and total ash (1.87-3.39%) in Radix Pseudostellariae. Polysaccharides and total ash showed no sensitivity to soil pH. Radix Pseudostellariae collected from soil with pH > 7 exhibited slightly higher levels of water-soluble extractives, Mg and Ca than that from soil with pH < 5. Conversely, soil with a pH less than 5 had higher OC, AN, AP and AK contents. Water-soluble extractives in Radix Pseudostellariae were negatively correlated with soil pH but positively correlated with OC and AN. CONCLUSION: The results imply that the sequestration of soil nutrients over long-term Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation could negatively impact the accumulation of some bioactive ingredients in Radix Pseudostellariae. This study has a profound implication for enhancing the quality of Radix Pseudostellariae of artificially cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

On the FT-ICR mass spectrometry analysis of dissolved organic matter released by adsorbent during coal chemical wastewater treatment.

This study analyzed the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by adsorbent during wastewater treatment. It was found that the adsorption method resulted in an organic removal efficiency of over 97 % for coal-to-olefin (CTO) wastewater, with the lowest value of 15.7 mg/L. The Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) detected 4111 DOM in the wastewater, 4052 remaining DOM after first-stage anthracite (ANC) adsorption, and 1013 after second-stage macroporous adsorption resin (MAR). The removal degree of lipids in wastewater was the highest, followed by aliphatic/amino-acid/mini-peptides and lignin. During the adsorption process, the proportion of halogenated compounds (HCs) declined from 59.86 % to 38.63 % and 21.67 %. Additionally, freshly produced 2035 and 311 DOMs were found in the adsorption effluent of ANC and MAR, respectively, with HCs accounting for 34.71 % and 67.96 %. Upon flowing ultra-pure water through ANC and MAR, the effluent dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranges were 1.118-3.574 mg/L and 1.014-2.557 mg/L, respectively. There were 159 and 131 species of DOM detected, respectively, with HCs content of 59.06 % and 45.02 %. Comparative experiments revealed the complex components of the wastewater promoting the release of organic matter on the adsorbent surface that further reacted to generate organic matter. However, fewer substances were released by the adsorbent.

Photoredox-catalyzed C(sp2)-H trifluoromethylation of 3-methylene-isoindolin-1-ones under metal-free conditions.

A facile synthetic method for direct C(sp2)-H bond trifluoromethylation of 3-methylene-isoindolin-1-ones under visible-light-induced metal-free conditions is presented. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance, resulting in a range of structurally diverse trifluoromethylated products in good to excellent yields.

Long-Term Survival Trend of Gynecological Cancer: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Cancer Registration Data.

Gynecological cancer significantly affect the health of women. This review aimed to describe the global patterns and trends in the survival of patients with gynecological cancers. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SinoMed, and SEER for survival analyses of cancer registration data of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers published between 1980 and 2022. Globally, the highest 5-year observed survival rate for cervical cancer was 76.5% in Anshan, Liaoning, China (2008-2017). The 5-year observed survival rates of endometrial and ovarian cancers were higher in Finland (1995-1999, 82.5%) and Singapore (1988-1992, 62.0%). The 5-year relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients was higher in Haining, Zhejiang, China (2011-2014, 85.8%). Korea ranked first at 89.0% and 64.5% for endometrial and ovarian cancers, respectively. Survival rates have improved for cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Patients aged ≥ 75 years and those with advanced-stage disease had the worst 5-year survival rates. Survival rates were better for squamous cell carcinoma in cervical cancer, for endometrial carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma in endometrial cancer, and for germ cell and sex-cord stromal tumors in ovarian cancer. Over the past four decades, the survival rates of gynecological cancers have increased globally, with notable increases in cervical and endometrial cancers. Survival rates are higher in developed countries, with a slow-growing trend. Future studies should focus on improving survival, especially in ovarian cancer patients.