Anakinra Treatment in Patients with Acute Kawasaki Disease with Coronary Artery Aneurysms: A Phase I/IIa Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunomodulatory effects of 2-6 weeks of anakinra therapy in patients with acute Kawasaki disease with a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). STUDY DESIGN: We performed a Phase I/IIa dose-escalation study of anakinra (2-11 mg/kg/day) in 22 patients with acute Kawasaki disease with CAA. We measured interleukin (IL)-1RA concentrations after the first dose and trough levels up to study week 6. Markers of inflammation and coronary artery z-scores were assessed pretreatment and at 48 hours, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks after initiation of therapy. RESULTS: Up to 6 weeks of anakinra (up to 11 mg/kg/day) was safe and well tolerated by the 22 participants (median age, 1.1 years), with no serious adverse events attributable to the study drug. All participants were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and 20 also received infliximab (10 mg/kg) before initiation of anakinra. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α decreased similarly in patients with Kawasaki disease treated with IVIG, infliximab, and anakinra compared with age- and sex-matched patients with Kawasaki disease treated only with IVIG and infliximab. Anakinra clearance increased with illness day at diagnosis. Simulations demonstrated that more frequent intravenous (IV) dosing may result in more sustained concentrations without significantly increasing the peak concentration compared with subcutaneous (SC) dosing. CONCLUSIONS: Both IV and SC anakinra are safe in infants and children with acute Kawasaki disease and CAA. IV dosing every 8-12 hours during the acute hospitalization of patients with Kawasaki disease may result in a sustained concentration while avoiding frequent SC injections. The efficacy of a short course of IV therapy during hospitalization should be studied. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02179853.

Blood glucose related adverse drug reaction of antitumor monoclonal antibodies: a retrospective analysis using Vigibase

Abstract On the increasing prevalence of using mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) in cancer therapy and the severe risk of hyperglycemia, we aimed to analyze the main clinical ADRs of mAbs, with a focus on adverse hyperglycemic events associated with currently clinically used mAbs. mAbs as well as target information were selected from Martinadale book and published articles. Drug approving information was collected from each government website, and ADR statistic data were collected from VigibaseR, comparing with Adverse Event Reporting System of US FDA. Top 10 mAbs were classified within listing in total ADR records, ADRs per year, hyperglycemic ADR records. Vigibase data were updated onto 15 Feb 2019. 20 mAbs were analyzed with 263217 ADR reports, wherein 16751 records on Metabolism and nutrition disorders and 1444 records on Glucose metabolism disorders. The geographic, age, gender distributions and annual ADR report numbers were listed respectively. Of the top 10, Rituximab, Bevacizumab and Nivolumab were on the top 3 in total ADR record and hyperglycemic record. Top 3 record results were similar in Vigibase and FDA database. It is of increasing importance for clinicians to be aware of early detection, patient management, or drug selection strategies when using mAbs, particularly within the high glycemic risk-reported mAbs, to improve the efficacy and tolerability of mAbs regiment and optimize patient outcomes.