Complete mitochondrial genome of the Pasiphila chloerata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and its phylogenetic implications.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Pasiphila chloerata (Mabille) was sequenced and its phylogenetic implications were investigated. The P. chloerata mitogenome is a circular, double-stranded molecule, with 15,602 bp in length. The typical 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs) and an A + T-rich region are included. Gene content and arrangement are highly conserved and typical of Lepidoptera. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined 37 mitochondrial genes consistently recovered the Larentiinae and Ennominae involved are reciprocally monophyletic with the highest supports. The P. chloerata was clustered with other two members of the Larentiinae, reinforcing that of previous morphological studies.

The first mitochondrial genome from the Sterrhinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and its phylogenetic implications.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of a geometrid species, Idaea simplicior (Prout), was sequenced. The I. simplicior mitogenome is a circular, double-stranded molecule, with 15,950 bp in size. The typical 37 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs) and an A + T-rich region are included. Gene content and arrangement are highly conserved and typical of Lepidoptera. Interestingly, the I. simplicior mitogenome is rich in microsatellite sequences of (TA)12-18 with a scattered distribution in six intergenic regions. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined 37 mitochondrial genes show that the Larentiinae and Ennominae are monophyletic. The Sterrhinae, which is represented by the only I. simplicior sequenced in this study, shows a closer relationship with the Larentiinae than Ennominae, which confirms previous morphological studies.

Terretonin D1, a new meroterpenoid from marine-derived Aspergillus terreus ML-44.

A new meroterpenoid, named terretonin D1 (1), and three known ones, terretonin (2), terretonin A (3), and terretonin D (4), were isolated from marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus ML-44. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and the absolute configuration was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The anti-inflammation activity of 1-4 was preliminarily tested, and all of them weakly inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production of RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with inhibitory rates of 22-34% at 50 µg/mL.

Design of diversified self-assembly systems based on a natural rosin-based tertiary amine for doxorubicin delivery and excellent emulsification.

A novel rosin-based ester tertiary amine (RETA) with three hydrophilic groups and a rigid hydrophobic group was synthesized from rosin by Diels-Alder addition, acylation and esterification reactions. RETA was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR). Results from testing surface tension, zeta potential, and transmission electron spectroscopy showed that RETA had unique pH responsiveness. RETA self-assembled into worm-like micelles, spherical micelles 130 nm in diameter and big spherical worm-like aggregates with diameter of 2 µm at pH = 5.76, 8.04 and 9.38, respectively. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of RETA was 0.42 mmol/L, and the surface tension at CMC (γcmc) was 38.73 mN/m when pH was 8.04. The RETA had a potential application in delivering doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) due to the pH responsiveness. Self-assembly mixed systems of RETA and rosin-based phosphoric acid (DDPD) were designed to improve emulsification. The mixed systems had obvious synergistic effects and unexpected emulsification. The γcmc and CMC of mixtures were 41.74 mN/m and 0.20 mmol/L, the size of mixture micelles increased up to 300 nm in the optimum molar ratio of RETA/DDPD (7:3) by TEM and cryo-TEM. It was worth noting that the mixture system formed vesicles in the RETA/DDPD molar ratio of 5:5. The stability time of emulsion with RETA and DDPD as emulsifier were only 63 s and 52 s respectively, but the stability time increased to 234 s in the optimum molar ratio. In addition, the formation mechanisms of micelles at different pH and in various mixtures were discussed in detail. What's more, cytotoxicity results showed that the toxicity of RETA was lower significantly than that of lecithin, a food ingredient in egg yolk and soybean. The cell viability was more than 83% in the high concentration of RETA (4000 µg/ml).

Self-assembled structures and excellent surface properties of a novel anionic phosphate diester surfactant derived from natural rosin acids.

A novel anionic rosin-based phosphate diester sodium (DDPDS) was successfully synthesized from raw dehydroabietic acid, a natural raw material, via four-step reactions: acylation, esterification, phosphorylation and neutralization. Nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize the structure of target products. The aggregation behaviors in aqueous-ethanol solution and surface properties of DDPDS and its mixed systems were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), automatic tensiometer and contact angle measuring instrument. The results showed that DDPDS had high surface activity, unexpected emulsification and excellent wettability. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.35g∗L-1, the minimum surface tension (γcmc) of 31.75mN∗m-1, emulsifying power of 153s and the minimum contact angle of 13.4° were determined for DDPDS. Spherical vesicles with diameter about 50nm and 5µm were self-assembled respectively in aqueous-ethanol solution when DDPDS concentration is about 1 CMC and 5 CMC. Two surfactant ionic self-assembly systems were constructed by mixing DDPDS with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which forms 40nm and 20nm spherical micelles in 1 CMC aqueous-ethanol solution. Possible formation mechanisms of surfactant ionic self-assembly systems on a combination of ionic interactions between DDPDS and SDBS or CTAB are discussed. It was found that there were an obvious synergistic effect of foam stability in DDPDS/SDBS mixed system and an obvious synergistic effect of foam capability in DDPDS/CTAB mixed system.

4-[(3-Nitro-benzyl-idene)amino]-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione.

In the title compound, C(14)H(10)N(6)O(2)S, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and triazole rings is 3.21 (10)°. The mol-ecule is significantly twisted about the N(t)-N(b) (t = triazole and b = benzyl-idene) bond [C-N(t)-N(b)=C = 151.64 (17)°]. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by weak N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating C(8) chains propagating in [10[Formula: see text]].

µ-Propane-1,3-dithiol-ato-κS,S':S,S'-bis-[dicarbon-yl(triphenyl-phosphane-κP)iron(II)](Fe-Fe).

The title compound, [Fe(2)(C(3)H(6)S(2))(C(18)H(15)P)(2)(CO)(4)], which might serve as an active-site model of [FeFe]-hydrogenase, contains two fused Fe/S/C/C/C/S six-membered rings, one of which has a chair conformation and the other a boat conformation. Each Fe atom is coordinated by two carbonyl ligands, a triphenyl-phosphane ligand and a bis-bidentate dithiol-ate ligand, and also forms an Fe-Fe bond [2.5167 (16) Å]. Together, the six bonded atoms form a very distorted octa-hedral arrangement.

[N,N-Bis(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)benzyl-amine-κP,P']dichloridonickel(II) dichloro-methane monosolvate.

In the title solvated complex, [NiCl(2)(C(31)H(27)NP(2))]·CH(2)Cl(2), the Ni(2+) ion is coordinated by two chloride ions and two P atoms of the chelating N,N-bis-(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)benzyl ligand to generate a strongly distorted cis-NiCl(2)P(2) square-planar geometry for the metal ion. In the crystal, the components are linked by C-H⋯Cl inter-actions.

[N,N-Bis(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)propanamine-κP,P']dichloridonickel(II).

In the title complex, [NiCl(2)(C(27)H(27)NP(2))], the Ni(2+) ion is coordinated by two chloride ions and two P atoms of the bidentate N,N-bis-(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)propyl ligand to generate a strongly distorted cis-NiCl(2)P(2) square-planar geometry for the metal ion. A NiP(2)N rhombus occurs within the chelating ligand.

[Seasonal dynamics of phosphorus forms in water body and sediments of Nanhu Lake, Wuhan].

Water samples and sediment cores were taken at 5 sites of Nanhu Lake, Wuhan to investigate the seasonal dynamics of phosphorus in water body, sediments and their interstitial water, as well as the phosphorus forms in sediments. The results showed that the average concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate (PO4(3-) -P) in water body were 0.240 and 0.033 mg x L(-1), respectively, with the highest concentrations of TP and PO4(3-)-P in November and the lowest concentration of TP and of PO4(3-) -P in February and August, respectively. The concentration of TP in sediments was averagely 1.005 mg x g(-1), being increased from April to November and becoming stable from November to February, and decreased with sedimentation depth. The concentration of PO4(3-) -P in interstitial water was 0.209 mg x L(-1) on average, being the highest in November and the lowest in February, with the same vertical distribution pattern like TP in sediments. The dominant form of phosphorus in sediments was inorganic phosphorus (IP), occupying 61.4%-77.1% of total extracted phosphorus. The concentration of bio-available phosphorus (BA-P) in sediments was very high, but decreased significantly with sedimentation depth. According to the significant correlations between phosphorus forms in sediments and PO4(3-) -P in interstitial water, the BA-P and auto-calcium bound phosphorus (ACa-P) in sediments should be the main P sources released from sediments to water body.