Synergistic interactions of nanoparticles and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhancing soil-plant systems: a multigenerational perspective.

Sustainable food security and safety are major concerns on a global scale, especially in developed nations. Adverse agroclimatic conditions affect the largest agricultural-producing areas, which reduces the production of crops. Achieving sustainable food safety is challenging because of several factors, such as soil flooding/waterlogging, ultraviolet (UV) rays, acidic/sodic soil, hazardous ions, low and high temperatures, and nutritional imbalances. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are widely employed in in-vitro conditions because they are widely recognized as a more environmentally and sustainably friendly approach to increasing crop yield in contaminated and fertile soil. Conversely, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as an amendment in the soil has recently been proposed as an economical way to enhance the texture of the soil and improving agricultural yields. Nowadays, various research experiments have combined or individually applied with the PGPR and NPs for balancing soil elements and crop yield in response to control and adverse situations, with the expectation that both additives might perform well together. According to several research findings, interactive applications significantly increase sustainable crop yields more than PGPR or NPs alone. The present review summarized the functional and mechanistic basis of the interactive role of PGPR and NPs. However, this article focused on the potential of the research direction to realize the possible interaction of PGPR and NPs at a large scale in the upcoming years.

Identification and expression analysis of the Xyloglucan transglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene family under abiotic stress in oilseed (Brassica napus L.).

XTH genes are key genes that regulate the hydrolysis and recombination of XG components and plays role in the structure and composition of plant cell walls. Therefore, clarifying the changes that occur in XTHs during plant defense against abiotic stresses is informative for the study of the plant stress regulatory mechanism mediated by plant cell wall signals. XTH proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana was selected as the seed sequences in combination with its protein structural domains, 80 members of the BnXTH gene family were jointly identified from the whole genome of the Brassica napus ZS11, and analyzed for their encoded protein physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, covariance relationships, and interoperating miRNAs. Based on the transcriptome data, the expression patterns of BnXTHs were analyzed in response to different abiotic stress treatments. The relative expression levels of some BnXTH genes under Al, alkali, salt, and drought treatments after 0, 6, 12 and 24 h were analyzed by using qRT-PCR to explore their roles in abiotic stress tolerance in B. napus. BnXTHs showed different expression patterns in response to different abiotic stress signals, indicating that the response mechanisms of oilseed rape against different abiotic stresses are also different. This paper provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the function and molecular genetic mechanism of the BnXTH gene family in abiotic stress tolerance in rapeseed.

Enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis functions for Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn scaffolds with methacrylated gelatin and deferoxamine.

Repair of large bone defects remains challenge for orthopedic clinical treatment. Porous titanium alloys have been widely fabricated by the additive manufacturing, which possess the elastic modulus close to that of human cortical bone, good osteoconductivity and osteointegration. However, insufficient bone regeneration and vascularization inside the porous titanium scaffolds severely limit their capability for repair of large-size bone defects. Therefore, it is crucially important to improve the osteogenic function and vascularization of the titanium scaffolds. Herein, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) were incorporated with the porous Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448) scaffolds prepared by the electron beam melting (EBM) method (Ti2448-GelMA). Besides, the deferoxamine (DFO) as an angiogenic agent was doped into the Ti2448-GelMA scaffold (Ti2448-GelMA/DFO), in order to promote vascularization. The results indicate that GelMA can fully infiltrate into the pores of Ti2448 scaffolds with porous cross-linked network (average pore size: 120.2 ± 25.1 µm). Ti2448-GelMA scaffolds facilitated the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting the ALP expression and mineralization, with the amount of calcium contents ∼2.5 times at day 14, compared with the Ti2448 scaffolds. Impressively, the number of vascular meshes for the Ti2448-GelMA/DFO group (∼7.2/mm2) was significantly higher than the control group (∼5.3/mm2) after cultivation for 9 h, demonstrating the excellent angiogenesis ability. The Ti2448-GelMA/DFO scaffolds also exhibited sustained release of DFO, with a cumulative release of 82.3% after 28 days. Therefore, Ti2448-GelMA/DFO scaffolds likely provide a new strategy to improve the osteogenesis and angiogenesis for repair of large bone defects.

Magnaporthe oryzae infection triggers rice resistance to brown planthopper through the influence of jasmonic acid on the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.

In agroecosystems, plants are constantly exposed to attack from diverse herbivorous insects and microbes, and infestation with one species may change the plant defense response to other species. In our investigation of the relationships among rice plants, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we observed a significant increase in the resistance of rice treated with rice blast to N. lugens, as evidenced by improved plant survival rates in a small population resistance study. Subsequent transcriptome data analysis revealed that the rice blast fungus can induce the expression of genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) and flavonoid pathways. Similar to the flavonoid pathway, the JA pathway also contains 2 types of genes that exhibit similar and opposite trends in response to N. lugens and rice blast. Among these genes, the osjaz1 mutant and the osmyc2 mutant were phenotypically confirmed to positively and negatively regulate rice resistance to N. lugens and rice blast, respectively. Subsequent mass spectrometry and quantification experiments showed that the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can induce the accumulation of eriodictyol, naringenin and quercetin, as well as the expression of OsF3H, Os4CL5 and OsCHI in the flavonoid pathway. This suggests a close connection between the JA pathway and the flavonoid pathway. However, OsF3'H, which negatively regulates rice resistance to N. lugens and rice blast, did not show increased expression. Phenotypic and molecular experiments confirmed that OsMYC2 can bind to and inhibit the expression of OsF3'H, thus revealing the mechanism of rice resistance to N. lugens after treatment with rice blast. These findings will deepen our understanding of the interactions among rice, N. lugens and rice blast.

Edaravone dexborneol regulates γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase in rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVES: Edaravone dexborneol is neuroprotective against ischemic stroke, with free radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects, but its effects in hemorrhagic stroke remain unclear. We evaluated whether edaravone dexborneol has a neuroprotective effect in intracerebral hemorrhage, and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bioinformatics were used to predict the pathway of action of edaravone dexborneol. An intracerebral hemorrhage model was established using type IV collagenase in edaravone dexborneol, intracerebral hemorrhage, Sham, adeno-associated virus + edaravone dexborneol, and adeno-associated virus + intracerebral hemorrhage groups. The modified Neurological Severity Score was used to evaluate neurological function in rats. Brain water content was measured using the dry-wet weight method. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and γ-aminobutyric acid levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of neurofilament light chain and γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase were determined by western blot. Nissl staining was used to examine neuronal morphology. Cognitive behavior was evaluated using a small-animal treadmill. RESULTS: Edaravone dexborneol alleviated neurological defects, improved cognitive function, and reduced cerebral edema, neuronal degeneration, and necrosis in rats with cerebral hemorrhage. The expression levels of neurofilament light chain, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and γ-aminobutyric acid were decreased, while γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase expression was up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: Edaravone dexborneol regulates γ-aminobutyric acid content by acting on the γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase signaling pathway, thus alleviating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal degeneration, and death caused by excitatory toxic injury of neurons after intracerebral hemorrhage.

MiR-99a-3p downregulates TRIM21 to promote gastric cancer development.

Gastric cancer (GC) stands as one of the most formidable malignancies worldwide. It is well-established that miRNAs play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various human cancers. Among these, miR-99a-3p has been implicated in the pathogenesis of GC. In the context of our study, we embarked on the comprehensive examination of miR-99a-3p expression in GC cells. Additionally, we sought to establish a correlation between miR-99a-3p expression levels and the overall survival (OS) of GC patients, and our findings hinted at its potential role in predicting an unfavorable prognosis. To further investigate the functional implications of miR-99a-3p in GC, we conducted a series of cell-based experiments after successfully knocking down miR-99a-3p. These investigations uncovered a substantial inhibition of cellular events associated with tumor progression. Moreover, employing TargetScan, we identified Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) as a putative target with a binding site for miR-99a-3p. Subsequent dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the direct interaction between miR-99a-3p and TRIM21. Western blot analysis validated the alteration in TRIM21 expression levels, revealing an upregulation upon miR-99a-3p knockdown. Building on these molecular findings, we extended our investigations to human GC tissues, where we observed a downregulation of TRIM21, which, notably, correlated with shorter overall survival. Lastly, to further solidify our conclusions, we conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo rescue experiments, collectively suggesting that miR-99a-3p promoted the progression of GC cells through the downregulation of TRIM21. In summary, our study comprehensively explored the role of miR-99a-3p in GC, revealing its association with unfavorable patient outcomes, functional implications in tumor progression, and a direct regulatory relationship with TRIM21. These findings collectively underscore the significance of miR-99a-3p in the pathogenesis of GC and present a potential therapeutic avenue for further investigation.

MARK2 phosphorylates KIF13A at a 14-3-3 binding site to polarize vesicular transport of transferrin receptor within dendrites.

Neurons regulate the microtubule-based transport of certain vesicles selectively into axons or dendrites to ensure proper polarization of function. The mechanism of this polarized vesicle transport is still not fully elucidated, though it is known to involve kinesins, which drive anterograde transport on microtubules. Here, we explore how the kinesin-3 family member KIF13A is regulated such that vesicles containing transferrin receptor (TfR) travel only to dendrites. In experiments involving live-cell imaging, knockout of KIF13A, BioID assay, we found that the kinase MARK2 phosphorylates KIF13A at a 14-3-3 binding motif, strengthening interaction of KIF13A with 14-3-3 such that it dissociates from TfR-containing vesicles, which therefore cannot enter axons. Overexpression of KIF13A or knockout of MARK2 leads to axonal transport of TfR-containing vesicles. These results suggest a unique kinesin-based mechanism for polarized transport of vesicles to dendrites.

Comparison of upfront haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and salvage haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after immunosuppressive therapy in children with acquired severe aplastic anemia - a multicenter study.

Background: For children with severe aplastic anemia, if the first immunosuppressive therapy (IST) fails, it is not recommended to choose a second IST. Therefore, for patients without matched sibling donor (MSD) and matched unrelated donor (MUD), haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) can be chosen as a salvage treatment. This article aims to explore the comparison between upfront Haplo-HSCT and salvage Haplo-HSCT after IST. Methods: 29 patients received salvage Haplo-HSCT, and 50 patients received upfront Haplo-HSCT. The two groups received Bu (Busulfan, 3.2mg/kg/d*2d on days -9 to-8), CY (Cyclophosphamide, 60mg/kg/d*2d on days -4 to-3), Flu (fludarabine, 40mg/m2/d*5d on days -9 to -5) and rabbit ATG (Anti-thymocyte globulin, total dose 10mg/kg divided into days -4 to -2). Results: The OS of the salvage Haplo-HSCT group showed no difference to the upfront Haplo-HSCT group (80.2 ± 8.0% vs. 88.7 ± 4.8%, p=0.37). The FFS of the salvage Haplo-HSCT group also showed no difference to the frontline Haplo-HSCT group (75 ± 8.2% vs. 84.9 ± 5.3%, p=0.27). There was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications after transplantation between the two groups, except for thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). In the grouping analysis by graft source, the incidence of II-IV aGVHD in patients using PBSC ± BM+UCB was lower than that in the PBSC ± BM group (p=0.010). Conclusion: Upfront Haplo-HSCT and salvage Haplo-HSCT after IST in children with acquired severe aplastic anemia have similar survival outcomes. However, the risk of TMA increases after salvage Haplo-HSCT. This article provides some reference value for the treatment selection of patients. In addition, co-transplantation of umbilical cord blood may reduce the incidence of GVHD.

Iodine Status and Its Influencing Factors in Hospitalized and Healthy Preschool-Age Children.

Iodine is a trace element necessary for synthesizing thyroid hormones. It is especially crucial for the neurodevelopment and intellectual development of children. Preschool-age children admitted to the hospital tend to have more fragile physical and mental health, but few studies demonstrate their iodine status. Our study aimed to investigate the iodine status of hospitalized and healthy preschool-age children and to explore the factors influencing them. From January to December 2021, 426 children aged 3-6 years were admitted to the respiratory department for pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, or bronchiectasis, but they could eat normally and were recruited as hospitalized children. Six hundred ten healthy children aged 3-6 years were included. We collected anthropometric measurements and urine samples from hospitalized and healthy preschool-age children, and iodine status was assessed through urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/Cr). UIC was 40.1 and 166.1 µg/L for hospitalized and healthy preschool-age children, respectively (P < 0.001). Urinary creatinine concentration (UCr) was 0.2 and 0.8 g/L for hospitalized and healthy preschool-age children, respectively (P < 0.001). UIC decreased with increasing height z-scores in hospitalized children (Spearman's rho = -0.11, P = 0.022). A significantly increased risk of UIC < 100 µg/L was found in hospitalized children (OR = 9.1 (6.8, 12.2), P < 0.001) when compared to healthy children. In conclusion, hospitalized preschool-age children are likelier to have iodine insufficiency than healthy preschool-age children, especially those with good linear growth. Measures should be implemented to ensure adequate iodine intake of preschool-age children during hospitalization to avoid affecting their intellectual and physical development. Due to lower UCr in hospitalized children, creatinine is not appropriate for assessing iodine status in hospitalized children.

Women's experiences with Centering-Based Group Care in Zhejiang China: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: The group prenatal care model, which caters to women with low medical needs but high support needs, has become a highly prevalent and innovative approach implemented globally. For Centering-Based Group Care (CBGC) to remain effective, women's evaluations of the quality of care and perspectives about the model are crucial. AIM: This study aimed to describe women's appraisal of CBGC quality and explore the experiences of women in the mixed-methods pilot study conducted in Zhejiang, China. METHODS: From August 2021 to December 2022, 20 women provided complete quantitative data using the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire before hospital discharge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at 6 months postpartum. Qualitative data were analysed using Colaizzi's method. FINDINGS: The mean (standard deviation) total score (of the 5) of the questionnaire was 4.43 (0.1) with a good quality of CBGC. Qualitative research identified five themes: motivations and concerns for participation, the appeal of interactive learning, the development of community ties and social support, healing from psychological trauma with CBGC, and suggestions for CBGC enhancement. DISCUSSION: Women rated CBGC quality as good and benefited significantly from it in the study. As a new alternative option, the women's accounts suggested that CBGC performed excellently in enhancing knowledge, strengthening social bonds, and providing psychological support. CONCLUSION: CBGC quality cannot be determined based on limited the sample size. This pilot study provides evidence regarding the beneficial effects of knowledge, socialization, and psychological healing on CBGC. Further research is suggested to measure CBGC effectiveness and quality.

Image recognition technology provides insights into relationships between anthocyanin degradation and color variation during jet drying of black carrot.

To identify interesting relationships between anthocyanin degradation and color variation during food processing, black carrot slice (BCS) was dried by air-impingement jet drying (AIJD) and hot air drying (HAD). AIJD was a better technology for drying BCS than HAD. Results of colorimeter determination showed that the color of BCS was significantly changed during AIJD at 50, 60 and 70 °C. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis found that AIJD-induced degradations of main BCS anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-xylosyl(feruloylglucosyl)galactoside and cyanidin-3-xylosyl(sinapoylglucosyl)galactoside, belonged to non-spontaneous endothermic reactions, which followed the 0.5- and 1-order kinetic equations, respectively. Anthocyanin content and colors obtained from colorimeter presented strong positive correlation, particularly the a* and chroma values. We further developed a Python script based on image recognition technology to visualize the correlation matrixes between the anthocyanin contents and colors of BSC images. The plots revealed that strong positive correlations between anthocyanins and colors primarily concentrated in the sample's periphery following a concentric pattern.

Schizandrin A enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to 5-FU by promoting ferroptosis.

Schizandrin A (Sch A) exert anticancer and multidrug resistance-reversing effects in a variety of tumors, but its effect on 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in gastric cancer (GC) cells remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the resistance-reversing effect of Schizandrin A and assess its mechanisms in 5-Fu-resistant GC cells.5-Fu-sensitive GC cells were treated with 5-Fu and 5-Fu-resistant GC cells AGS/5-Fu and SGC7901/5-Fu were were established. These cells were stimulated with Schizandrin A alone or co-treated with 5-Fu and their effect on tumor cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion and ferroptosis-related metabolism were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. A number of additional experiments were conducted in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of increased ferroptosis. The results of our study suggest that Schizandrin A in combination with 5-Fu might be useful in treating GC by reverse drug resistance. It was shown that Schizandrin A coadministration suppressed metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in 5-Fu-resistant GC cells through facilitating the onset of ferroptosis, which is an iron-dependent form of cell death, which was further demonstrated in a xenograft nude mouse model. Mechanistically, Schizandrin A co-administration synergistically increased the expression of transferin receptor, thus iron accumulates within cells, leading to lipid peroxidation, which ultimately results in 5-Fu-resistant GC cells death. The results of this study have provided a novel strategy for increasing GC chemosensitivity, indicating Schizandrin A as a novel ferroptosis regulator. Mechanistically, ferroptosis is induced by Schizandrin A coadministration via increasing transferrin receptor expression.

HOXB5 promotes the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the involvement of the homeobox gene B5 (HOXB5) in the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Methods: The expression of HOXB5 in human osteosarcoma tissues and its correlation with clinical indicators were investigated using bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical labelling. Human osteosarcoma cells (HOS, MG63, U2OS, and Saos-2) and normal human osteoblasts (hFOB1.19) were cultivated. The expression of HOXB5 in these cells was detected using western blotting (WB) and RT‒PCR. Two cell lines exhibiting elevated HOXB5 expression were chosen and divided into three groups: the blank group (mock), control group (control) and transfection group (shHOXB5). The transfection group was infected with lentivirus expressing shRNAs targeting HOXB5. The transfection efficiency was detected by WB. Cell proliferation suppression was measured by CCK-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays; the percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry; and cell migration and invasion were detected via the Transwell chamber test. WB was utilized to determine the protein expression of genes linked to metastasis (MMP2, MMP9), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2), and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway (JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3). Results: In osteosarcoma tissues, HOXB5 expression was elevated and strongly correlated with distant metastasis. Silencing HOXB5 reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells; prevented the progression and metastasis of tumours in tumour-bearing nude mice; and reduced the activation of key proteins in the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Conclusion: Through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway, HOXB5 plays a crucial role in the malignant progression of osteosarcoma and is a promising target for osteosarcoma treatment.

Dessecting the Toxicological Profile of Polysorbate 80 (PS80): Comparative Analysis of Constituent Variability and Biological Impact Using a Zebrafish Model.

Polysorbate 80, commonly abbreviated as PS80, is a widely used pharmaceutical excipient renowned for its role as a solubilizer and stabilizer in drug formulations. Although PS80 is essential for various pharmaceutical applications, particularly in the formulation of injectable drugs, it has been implicated in a range of adverse reactions. However, due to the complexity of the composition of PS80, the differences in the types and contents of the constituents of PS80 from different manufacturers increase the probability or likelihood of their uneven quality. Addressing the complete spectrum of PS80's components is challenging; thus, most studies to date have examined PS80 as a singular entity. This approach, however, carries a degree of uncertainty, as it overlooks the unique composition and concentration of components within the PS80 used in experiments, which may not reflect the actual diversity in commercially available PS80 products. Recognizing the critical need to understand how PS80's composition influences biological effects and toxicity, our study aims to bridge this knowledge gap. By doing so, we can clarify how different PS80 compositions from various manufacturers might affect the quality of pharmaceutical formulations, and also guide excipient manufacturers toward producing higher-quality PS80. Such insights could further facilitate a more targeted application of PS80 in drug development. Building on our previous work, we isolated and prepared two key components of PS80-polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (PSM) and polyoxyethylene isosorbide monooleate (PIM)-and conducted a systematic comparison. We evaluated the acute, hemolytic, and target organ toxicity of two different PS80 samples, as well as PSM and PIM, using a zebrafish model. Our research also delved into the potential mechanisms behind the observed toxicological effects, providing an in-depth understanding of PS80's impact on biological systems.The results show that PS80, PSM, and PIM resulted in developmental anomalies in larval zebrafish. The primary organs of acute toxicity in zebrafish exposed to PS80 and its typical components PSM and PIM include the cardiovascular system, kidneys, intestines, skin, and liver. Notably, PIM further induced severe pericardial edema and erythrocyte hemolysis, thereby affecting blood flow. The samples also instigated oxidative damage by disrupting the redox equilibrium in the larvae. Compared to PS80, both PSM and PIM induced greater oxidative damage, with PIM notably causing significantly higher lipid oxidation, suggesting that oxidative stress may play a crucial role in polysorbate80-induced toxicity. Furthermore, our study found that PS80 could induce alterations in DNA conformation. The findings underscore the necessity for excipient regulators to establish comprehensive quality standards for Polysorbate 80 (PS80). By implementing such standards, it is possible to minimize the clinical risks associated with the variability in PS80 composition, ensuring safer pharmaceutical products for patients.

Identification of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using hybrid transformer network.

Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is extensively implemented in drug detection due to its sensitivity and non-destructive nature. Deep learning methods, which are represented by convolutional neural network (CNN), have been widely applied in identifying the spectra from SERS for powerful learning ability. However, the local receptive field of CNN limits the feature extraction of sequential spectra for suppressing the analysis results. In this study, a hybrid Transformer network, TMNet, was developed to identify SERS spectra by integrating the Transformer encoder and the multi-layer perceptron. The Transformer encoder can obtain precise feature representations of sequential spectra with the aid of self-attention, and the multi-layer perceptron efficiently transforms the representations to the final identification results. TMNet performed excellently, with identification accuracies of 99.07% for the spectra of hair containing drugs and 97.12% for those of urine containing drugs. For the spectra with additive white Gaussian, baseline background, and mixed noises, TMNet still exhibited the best performance among all the methods. Overall, the proposed method can accurately identify SERS spectra with outstanding noise resistance and excellent generalization and holds great potential for the analysis of other spectroscopy data.

Revealing the detrimental CO2 reduction effect of La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ-derived heterostructure in solid oxide electrolysis cells.

Solid oxide electrolysis cells hold unique Faraday efficiency and favored thermodynamic/kinetics for CO2 reduction to CO. Perovskite oxide-based composite materials are promising alternatives to Ni-based cermet electrodes in SOECs. However, contrary results of the electrocatalytic activity over single-phase perovskite oxide exist and the rationale of the negative effect is not well revealed. In this work, two-phase perovskite materials with various complementary properties and unique interfaces are self-assembled, which was realized by "subtractive" defect-driven phase separation. The obtained heterostructure electrodes showed reduced performance over that of single-phase materials although the cyclic stability was improved. The main reasons for the performance degradation are the decrease of electrical conductivity, oxygen vacancy concentration while increasing the average valence state of B-site Fe cations, and electrode surface Sr aggregation. This work highlights the self-assembly method and insight into the rational design and synthesis of active electrodes/catalysts for CO2 conversion in solid oxide cells.

Delineating molecular regulatory network of meat quality of longissimus dorsi indicated by transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics analysis in rabbit.

This study aims to investigate the potential regulatory network responsible for the meat quality using multi-omics to help developing better varieties. Slaughter performance and meat quality of Shuxing No.1 rabbit outperformed IRA rabbit according to the tested rabbit parameters. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundance proteins (DAPs) were involved in meat quality-related pathways, such as PI3K - Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Only SMTNL1 and PM20D2 shared between DEGs and DAPs. Olfactory-sensitive undecanal, a differentially abundant metabolite (DAM) in volatilomics (vDAMs), correlated with all of the remaining 11 vDAMs, and most of 12 vDAMs were associated with amino acid metabolism. Integration revealed that 829 DEGs/DAPs were associated with 15 DAMs in four KEGG pathways, such as melatonin (a DAM in widely targeted metabolomics) was significantly positively correlated with ALDH and negatively correlated with RAB3D and CAT in the tryptophan metabolism pathway. This study sheds light on the potential mechanisms that contribute to the improved meat quality and flavor. SIGNIFICANCE: Shuxing No.1 rabbit is a new breed of meat rabbit in the Chinese market. In meat marketing, meat quality usually determines the purchase intention of consumers. Determining the biological and molecular mechanisms of meat quality in meat rabbit is essential for developing strategies to improve meat quality. According to the tested rabbit parameters, this study ascertained that the slaughter performance and meat quality of Shuxing No.1 rabbit surpasses that of IRA rabbit. The present study profiled the transcriptome, proteome, widely targeted metabolome, and volatilome of longissimus dorsi from Shuxing No.1 rabbit and IRA rabbit. The study found that meat quality and flavor-related tryptophan metabolism pathway is enriched with many DEGs/DAPs (including ALDH, RAB3D, and CAT), as well as a DAM, melatonin. This study sheds light on the potential mechanisms that contribute to the improved meat quality and flavor.

Macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanoclusters of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles for precision glioma theranostics.

Developing effective nanomedicines to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for efficient glioma theranostics is still considered to be a challenging task. Here, we describe the development of macrophage membrane (MM)-coated nanoclusters (NCs) of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USIO NPs) with dual pH- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsivenesses for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of orthotopic glioma. Surface citrate-stabilized USIO NPs were solvothermally synthesized, sequentially modified with ethylenediamine and phenylboronic acid, and cross-linked with gossypol to form gossypol-USIO NCs (G-USIO NCs), which were further coated with MMs. The prepared MM-coated G-USIO NCs (G-USIO@MM NCs) with a mean size of 99.9 nm display tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive gossypol and Fe release to promote intracellular ROS production and glutathione consumption. With the MM-mediated BBB crossing and glioma targeting, the G-USIO@MM NCs can specifically inhibit orthotopic glioma in vivo through the gossypol-mediated chemotherapy and Fe-mediated CDT. Meanwhile, USIO NPs can be dissociated from the NCs under the TME, thus allowing for effective T1-weighted glioma MR imaging. The developed G-USIO@MM NCs with simple components and drug as a crosslinker are promising for glioma theranostics, and may be extended to tackle other cancer types.