A broadly protective antibody targeting glycoprotein Gn inhibits severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging bunyavirus that causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome with a fatality rate of up to 30%. No licensed vaccines or therapeutics are currently available for humans. Here, we develop seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SFTSV surface glycoprotein Gn. Mechanistic studies show that three neutralizing mAbs (S2A5, S1G3, and S1H7) block multiple steps during SFTSV infection, including viral attachment and membrane fusion, whereas another neutralizing mAb (B1G11) primarily inhibits the viral attachment step. Epitope binning and X-ray crystallographic analyses reveal four distinct antigenic sites on Gn, three of which have not previously been reported, corresponding to domain I, domain II, and spanning domain I and domain II. One of the most potent neutralizing mAbs, S2A5, binds to a conserved epitope on Gn domain I and broadly neutralizes infection of six SFTSV strains corresponding to genotypes A to F. A single dose treatment of S2A5 affords both pre- and post-exposure protection of mice against lethal SFTSV challenge without apparent weight loss. Our results support the importance of glycoprotein Gn for eliciting a robust humoral response and pave a path for developing prophylactic and therapeutic antibodies against SFTSV infection.

Effects of Fast-Tempo and Binaural Beat Therapy Music during Warm-Up on Repeated Sprint Ability Test Performance among Young Soccer Players.

This prospective crossover study aimed to investigate the effect of binaural beat therapy music on soccer player performance. Between July 2023 and December 2023, 45 athletes (31 females/14 males, mean age = 20.47 ± 0.99) wore Bluetooth earphones through which one of the following was given during initial 20 min warm-up exercises before undergoing repeated sprint ability tests: no music/fast-tempo music/fast-tempo music with background binaural beat therapy music. Heart rate change after warm-up exercises/repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests and the time to finish RSA tests were recorded. Despite no significant difference in heart rate increase after warm-up between the two genders regardless of intervention, larger increases after RSA tests were found in males following any of the three interventions (all p < 0.01) with the most notable difference observed after fast-tempo music (p < 0.0001). A significant effect size (r = 0.2) correlated with fast-tempo music during warm-up in either gender. Binaural beat therapy music during warm-up reached a significant effect size only when all participants were considered, suggesting limited benefits.

NAMPT enhances LOX expression and promotes metastasis in human chondrosarcoma cells by inhibiting miR-26b-5p synthesis.

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that emerges from abnormalities in cartilaginous tissue and is related with lung metastases. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is an adipocytokine reported to enhance tumor metastasis. Our results from clinical samples and the Gene Expression Omnibus data set reveal that NAMPT levels are markedly higher in chondrosarcoma patients than in normal individuals. NAMPT stimulation significantly increased lysyl oxidase (LOX) production in chondrosarcoma cells. Additionally, NAMPT increased LOX-dependent cell migration and invasion in chondrosarcoma by suppressing miR-26b-5p generation through the c-Src and Akt signaling pathways. Overexpression of NAMPT promoted chondrosarcoma metastasis to the lung in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of LOX counteracted NAMPT-facilitated metastasis. Thus, the NAMPT/LOX axis presents a novel target for treating the metastasis of chondrosarcoma.

Influence of Carbon Source on the Buffer Layer for 4H-SiC Homoepitaxial Growth.

In this study, we systematically explore the impact of C/Si ratio, pre-carbonization time, H2 etching time, and growth pressure on the buffer layer and subsequent epitaxial layer of 6-inch 4H-SiC wafers. Our findings indicate that the buffer layer's C/Si ratio and growth pressure significantly influence the overall quality of the epitaxial wafer. Specifically, an optimal C/Si ratio of 0.5 and a growth pressure of 70 Torr yield higher-quality epitaxial layers. Additionally, the pre-carbonization time and H2 etching time primarily affect the uniformity and surface quality of the epitaxial wafer, with a pre-carbonization time of 3 s and an H2 etching time of 3 min found to enhance the surface quality of the epitaxial layer.

Effect of TCS gas flow and pre-etching on homopitaxial growth of 4H-SiC.

In this study, the epitaxial growth of 6-inch n-type 4° off-axis Si-face substrates using a horizontal hot-wall LPCVD system was investigated. The study explored the epitaxial growth under different source gas flow rates, growth pressures, and pre-etching times, with particular emphasis on their effects on epitaxial growth rate, epitaxial layer thickness uniformity, doping concentration and uniformity, and epitaxial layer surface roughness. The observation was made that the increase in source gas flow rate led to variations in dopant concentration due to different transport models between nitrogen gas and source gas. Additionally, with the increase in etching time, overetching phenomena occurred, resulting in changes in both dopant concentration and uniformity. Furthermore, the relationships between these three factors and their corresponding indicators were explained by combining the CVD growth process with the laminar flow model. These observed patterns are beneficial for further optimizing growth conditions in industrial settings, ultimately enhancing the quality of the growth process.

Visfatin Facilitates VEGF-D-Induced Lymphangiogenesis through Activating HIF-1α and Suppressing miR-2277-3p in Human Chondrosarcoma.

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that arises from abnormalities in cartilaginous tissue and is associated with lung metastases. Lymphangiogenesis plays an essential role in cancer metastasis. Visfatin is an adipokine reported to enhance tumor metastasis, but its relationship with VEGF-D generation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma remains undetermined. Our results from clinical samples reveal that VEGF-D levels are markedly higher in chondrosarcoma patients than in normal individuals. Visfatin stimulation promotes VEGF-D-dependent lymphatic endothelial cell lymphangiogenesis. We also found that visfatin induces VEGF-D production by activating HIF-1α and reducing miR-2277-3p generation through the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. Importantly, visfatin controls chondrosarcoma-related lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Therefore, visfatin is a promising target in the treatment of chondrosarcoma lymphangiogenesis.

Effectiveness of binaural beat music combined with rhythmical photic stimulation on older people with depressive symptoms in long-term care institution: a quasi-experimental pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Many older adults residing in long-term care often face issues like poor sleep, reduced vitality, and depression. Non-pharmacological approaches, specifically Binaural Beat Music (BBM) and Rhythmic Photic Stimulation (RPS), may alleviate these symptoms, yet their efficacy in this demographic has not been extensively explored. AIMS: This study investigated the effects of combined BBM and RPS interventions on sleep quality, vitality, and depression among older residents with depressive symptoms in long-term care facilities. METHODS: Using a quasi-experimental design, a total of 88 older adults with depressive symptoms from Taiwanese daytime care centers were divided into the BBM with RPS, and Sham groups (44 each). They underwent 20-minute daily sessions of their assigned treatment for two weeks. The BBM with RPS group listened to 10 Hz binaural beat music with 10 Hz photic stimulation glasses, and the Sham group received non-stimulating music and glasses. RESULTS: After the intervention, participants in the BBM with RPS groups showed significant improvements in vitality and depressive mood, with a notable increase in sympathetic nervous system activity. Conversely, the Sham group exhibited significant deterioration in vitality and mental health, with a significant increase in parasympathetic activity. Additionally, compared with the Sham group, the BBM and RPS groups showed significant improvements in vitality, mental health, and depression, with a significant increase in sympathetic nervous activity. CONCLUSION: The two-week intervention suggests that the combination of BBM and RPS, as a non-invasive intervention, can potentially improve vitality, mental health, and depressive mood among older adults in long-term care institutions.

MCP-1 controls IL-17-promoted monocyte migration and M1 polarization in osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade inflammatory joint illness in which monocytes migrate and infiltrate synovial tissue, differentiating into the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype. IL-17 is a proinflammatory mediator principally generated by Th17 cells, which is elevated in OA patients; nevertheless, investigators have yet to elucidate the function of IL-17 in M1 polarization during OA development. Our analysis of clinical tissues and results from the open online dataset discovered that the level of M1 macrophage markers is elevated in human OA tissue samples than in normal tissue. High-throughput screening demonstrated that MCP-1 is a potential candidate factor after IL-17 treatment in OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). Immunohistochemistry data revealed that the level of MCP-1 is higher in humans and mice with OA than in normal tissues. IL-17 stimulation facilitates MCP-1-dependent macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype. It also appears that IL-17 enhances MCP-1 synthesis in human OASFs, enhancing monocyte migration via the JAK and STAT3 signaling cascades. Our findings indicate the IL-17/MCP-1 axis as a novel strategy for the remedy of OA.

Examining the effects of binaural beat music on sleep quality, heart rate variability, and depression in older people with poor sleep quality in a long-term care institution: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effects of binaural beat music (BBM) on sleep quality, heart rate variability, and depression in older people with poor sleep quality in a long-term care institution. METHODS: A single-blind randomized controlled trial design was employed, and 64 older participants with poor sleep quality were recruited from a long-term care institution in Taiwan. Participants were randomized into the BBM group or control group and received 14 days of intervention. During the intervention period, participants in the experimental group listened to 20 min of Taiwanese Hokkien oldies embedded with BBM once in the morning and afternoon three times a week. Participants in the control group only listened to Taiwanese Hokkien oldies. Questionnaires and heart rate variability analysis were used to assess participants' sleep quality, heart rate variability, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in sleep quality, along with an increase in heart rate variability means of heart rate and normal sinus beats, and a decrease in low-frequency normalized units and depression severity in the BBM group after the intervention. In the control group, effects on sleep quality were inconsistent, heart rate variability showed significant improvements in some autonomic nervous function regulation, and depression severity was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the BBM group showed a significant improvement in sleep quality and a significant reduction in sympathetic nervous activity compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that 14 days of BBM intervention, a non-invasive intervention, could improve sleep quality and depression in older people with poor sleep quality in long-term care institutions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 297-304.

Exploring the role of PMEPA1 in gastric cancer.

Although there are several treatments available for gastric cancer (GC), the prognosis of the disease is still poor due to many factors, such as late diagnosis and tumor heterogeneity. To identify potential therapeutic targets, bioinformatics techniques and clinical sample validation were employed and prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1) was selected for further study. In the present study, we found that elevated PMEPA1 expression correlates with a worse prognosis and weaker anti-tumor immunity in GC patients. Moreover, our study showed that PMEPA1 not only influences cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion, and migration in vitro, but also plays an important role in GC progression in vivo. Mechanically, PMEPA1 exerts its oncogenic effects through activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, PMEPA1 is a potential target for treating GC effectively.

The effectiveness of facilitator-led remote interactive intervention for loneliness, quality of life, and social support among seniors in communities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled experiment.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the impact of a 12-week remote interaction intervention on loneliness, quality of life, and social support for seniors living in a community during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study adopted a randomized controlled trial design. Participants in the intervention group received a 12-week bidirectional remote interaction intervention, while participants in the control group received a 12-week unidirectional remote interaction intervention. The study's primary assessment tools were the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Scale (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS: The main findings indicate that the intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group on the WHOQOL-BREF in the physical health and social relationships domains after the intervention. In addition, intervention group participants with low loneliness scored significantly higher than their control group counterparts in the physical health and social relationships domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. Similarly, intervention group participants with high loneliness scored significantly higher than their control group counterparts in the social relationships domain of the WHOQOL-BREF. However, there was no significant difference in loneliness scores between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This result confirms that providing intensive bidirectional interaction benefits seniors' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Structural and functional insights into the modulation of T cell costimulation by monkeypox virus protein M2.

The rapid spread of monkeypox in multiple countries has resulted in a global public health threat and has caused international concerns since May 2022. Poxvirus encoded M2 protein is a member of the poxvirus immune evasion family and plays roles in host immunomodulation via the regulation of innate immune response mediated by the NF-κB pathway and adaptive immune response mediated by B7 ligands. However, the interaction of monkeypox virus (MPXV) M2 with B7 ligands and structural insight into poxviral M2 function have remained elusive. Here we reveal that MPXV M2, co-existing as a hexamer and a heptamer, recognizes human B7.1 and B7.2 (hB7.1/2) with high avidities. The binding of oligomeric MPXV M2 interrupts the interactions of hB7.1/2 with CD28 and CTLA4 and subverts T cell activation mediated by B7.1/2 costimulatory signals. Cryo-EM structures of M2 in complex with hB7.1/2 show that M2 binds to the shallow concave face of hB7.1/2 and displays sterically competition with CD28 and CTLA4 for the binding to hB7.1/2. Our findings provide structural mechanisms of poxviral M2 function and immune evasion deployed by poxviruses.

Examining the Predictors of Turnover Behavior in Newly Employed Certified Nurse Aides: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The turnover rate of nurse aides in Taiwan is high. However, the predictors of turnover behavior in the newly employed are still unclear. Objective: To examine the predictors of turnover behavior in newly employed licensed nurse aides. Methods: A longitudinal study design was used and subjects were newly employed certified nurse aides from a nurse aid training association in Taiwan. A total of five questionnaire surveys were conducted. The questionnaire was mainly used to collect information on turnover behavior, personal socioeconomic background, workplace psychosocial hazards, worker health hazards, and musculoskeletal disorders. Results: A total of 300 participants were recruited in the study. Cox regression analysis results showed that short working experience (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.21, p < 0.01), work as non-home nurse aides (HR = 0.58, p = 0.01), low monthly salary (HR = 0.68, p < 0.01), high work mental load (HR = 1.01, p = 0.01), low workplace justice (HR = 0.97, p < 0.01), high workplace violence (HR = 1.60, p < 0.01), high burnout (HR = 1.01, p = 0.04), poor mental health (HR = 1.06, p = 0.04), and high total number of musculoskeletal disorder sites (HR = 1.08, p = 0.01) contribute to a higher risk of turnover. Conclusion: The results indicated that employment period, work as a home nurse aide, monthly salary, work mental load, workplace justice, workplace violence, work-related burnout, mental health, and total number of musculoskeletal disorder sites are predictors of turnover behavior in newly employed certified nurse aides.

Developing and validating the Taiwan version of the meaningful activity participation assessment (T-MAPA) with Rasch analysis.

BACKGROUND: Meaningful activity participation has shown good predictability for healthy ageing in older adults, and their participation can be assessed using the Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment (MAPA). However, the MAPA has never been validated in any Taiwanese population. Moreover, different cultures may interpret meaningful activity participation differently. This study thus aimed to cross-culturally adapt the MAPA into a Taiwan version (i.e., the T-MAPA) and to investigate the psychometric properties of the T-MAPA in older adults in Taiwan. METHODS: This study consisted of 3 phases. First, the original MAPA was cross-culturally adapted in 6 stages, including forward, synthesis of, and back translations, cognitive debriefing, expert review, and pilot testing on 18 older adults. Second, a Rasch-Andrich rating scale model was applied to evaluate the psychometric properties (including category function, unidimensionality, item functioning and targeting, and reliability) of the adapted version in a sample of 146 older adults. Lastly, the convergent validity and test-retest reliability were examined on 120 and 49 older adults, respectively. RESULTS: After cross-cultural adaptation, the first version of the T-MAPA contained 29 items. Optimal category function was obtained by reducing the response categories of the frequency subscale to 4 and retaining a 5-point rating for the meaningfulness subscale. After the removal of 1 misfit item, a 28-item T-MAPA was generated. This version demonstrated unidimensionality, measurement invariance among different subgroups (regarding sex and education), acceptable item targeting (< 1 logit) and negligible floor and ceiling effects (1.37%; 0.68%), high reliability (person reliability coefficient = 0.86; small standard error < 0.5 with large test information > 4), confirmed convergent validity (absolute r = .49-0.54 with psychological well-being, depressive symptoms, and mental and physical health), and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94). CONCLUSION: The cross-culturally adapted 28-item T-MAPA is suitable for application to the older population in Taiwan to measure meaningful activity participation. Future examinations of the T-MAPA in other populations with specific clinical features are warranted to extend its utility in practice.

Factors Affecting Employability of Patients with Schizophrenia who had First Participated in Vocational Training: A Pilot Study.

While vocational training may offer financial and health benefits for patients with schizophrenia (PwS), further empirical research is required to investigate the effectiveness of this intervention for PwS, as well as the factors influencing their employability. This study aimed to (i) identify the factors affecting the employability of PwS who had participated in vocational training and (ii) examine the effectiveness of vocational training. This prospective cohort study was conducted in a community rehabilitation center attached to a psychiatric hospital in southern Taiwan that provides vocational training. The participants completed two questionnaires: (i) a pre-test that served as the study's baseline; (ii) a post-test during a follow-up 12 months later. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: (i) participants' basic information, (ii) the work performance scale, and (iii) the mental state measure. The participants included 35 males and 30 females, with the average age being 45.85 years. The significant factors affecting their employability were social support, work behavior, thinking disorder, and cognitive impairment. In other words, participants with better social support, work behavior, and fewer thought disorders and cognitive impairment were more employable. Their work attitude and ability were found to have significantly improved after having participated in vocational training for 12 months. In conclusion, when conducting vocational training in the future, it is necessary to pay attention to individual participants' social support and work behavior and reduce thinking disorders and cognitive impairments. This may help improve the employability of PwS.

A ubiquitin-specific protease functions in regulating cell death and immune responses in rice.

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs) process deubiquitination in eukaryotic organisms and are widely involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress. However, their role in cell death and plant immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a rice lesion mimic mutant (LMM) and cloned its causative gene, LMM22. Both dysfunction and overexpression of LMM22 gave rise to the hypersensitive response-like cell death, reactive oxygen species bursts, and activated defence responses. LMM22 encodes an active UBP that is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and displays a constitutive expression pattern in rice. LMM22 interacts with SPOTTED LEAF 35 (SPL35), a coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation domain-containing protein that is known to participate in ubiquitination and the regulation of cell death and disease response in rice. Additional analyses suggest that LMM22 can positively regulate and stabilise the abundance of SPL35 protein likely through its deubiquitination activity. These data therefore improve our understanding of the function of UBP in rice innate immune responses by demonstrating that LMM22 functions as a critical regulator of SPL35 in cell death and disease resistance.

Predicting Older Adults' Mobile Payment Adoption: An Extended TAM Model.

This study adopted an advanced model, combining the technology acceptance model, the theory of reasoned action, the diffusion of innovations, trust, and five aspects of perceived risk, to measure the factors that influence the behavioral intentions of older adults to use mobile payments. A total of 365 questionnaires were collected from older adults aged 55 years or older from 20 community care sites in central Taiwan. Partial least-squares structural equation modeling was used to test our research model. The results showed that attitude was the main determinant of M-payment in older adults. Moreover, increasing the usefulness, ease of use, and observability of M-payment helped older adults improve their attitudes toward M-payment, thereby increasing their intention to use it. Trust had a significant effect on the usefulness and ease of use of M-payment, while the main factors affecting trust were only performance and financial risks.

Investigating the effectiveness of online interactive courses on loneliness and quality of life of older adults in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study and a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic was a critical time for increasing loneliness, especially for older people. However, there is insufficient existing research on associated interventions and their effectiveness. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week online interactive course on the loneliness, depression, social support, and quality of life (QOL) of older adults in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to collect data from a community in Taiwan. Eighty-nine participants recruited from long-term care institutions were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 44) and a control group (n = 45). Participants in the experimental group received an 8-week (Monday to Friday) intensive online interactive course, whereas those in the control group watched 8 weeks (Monday to Friday) of unidirectional online video programs. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the UCLA Loneliness Scale and in both the psychological health and social relationship domains of the WHO Quality of Life-BREF Scale. In other words, compared with those in the control group, participants in the experimental group experienced more significant improvements in the state of their loneliness as well as QOL in the psychological health and social relationship domains (without the physical health/environment domains) after taking the online interactive course. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that the 8-week online interactive course could effectively improve the loneliness, the psychological health domain, and the social relationship domain of the QOL of the older adults of a particular community during the ongoing pandemic. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 91-97.

Factors influencing loneliness among older people using homecare services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Elderly homecare service users may reduce their level of social participation and interpersonal interactions due to physiological loss, which may lead to loneliness and depression over the years. However, there is a lack of research on loneliness among older people who use homecare services. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing loneliness among older people using homecare services. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study conducted in communities in Central Taiwan, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was first administered as a pre-test to obtain baseline information about the participants, and the same questionnaire was administered as a post-test after 6 months to follow-up. The pre- and post-test questionnaires included five sections, that is, participant demographics, Brief Symptom Rating Scale, Interpersonal Interaction Scale (IIS), Frenchay Activities Index, and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA). RESULTS: A total of 178 participants were recruited in this study. Results indicated that gender, whether participants eat alone or with others at dinner, social media use, perceived economic status, and IIS score were significantly correlated with the loneliness score on the UCLA. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the loneliness score among male participants in the low loneliness group from baseline to 6 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Gender, presence of others at dinner, social media use, perceived economic status, and interpersonal interaction skills are significant factors that influence loneliness among older people using homecare services. Men tend to experience higher levels of loneliness over time.

Visfatin-Induced Inhibition of miR-1264 Facilitates PDGF-C Synthesis in Chondrosarcoma Cells and Enhances Endothelial Progenitor Cell Angiogenesis.

New treatments for chondrosarcoma are extremely important. Chondrosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor with a very unfavorable prognosis. High-grade chondrosarcoma has a high potential to metastasize to any organ in the body. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent angiogenic factor that promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The adipocytokine visfatin promotes metastatic potential of chondrosarcoma; however, the role of visfatin in angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma is unclear. We report that the levels of PDGF-C expression were positively correlated with tumor stages, significantly higher than the levels of expression in normal cartilage. Visfatin increased PDGF-C expression and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and dose-dependently down-regulated the synthesis of miR-1264, which targets the 3'-UTR of PDGF-C. Additionally, we discovered inhibition of visfatin or PDGF-C in chondrosarcoma tumors significantly reduced tumor angiogenesis and size. Our results indicate that visfatin inhibits miR-1264 production through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade, and thereby promotes PDGF-C expression and chondrosarcoma angiogenesis. Visfatin may be worth targeting in the treatment of chondrosarcoma angiogenesis.