Integrated UAV and Satellite Multi-Spectral for Agricultural Drought Monitoring of Winter Wheat in the Seedling Stage.

Agricultural droughts are a threat to local economies, as they disrupt crops. The monitoring of agricultural droughts is of practical significance for mitigating loss. Even though satellite data have been extensively used in agricultural studies, realizing wide-range, high-resolution, and high-precision agricultural drought monitoring is still difficult. This study combined the high spatial resolution of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing with the wide-range monitoring capability of Landsat-8 and employed the local average method for upscaling to match the remote sensing images of the UAVs with satellite images. Based on the measured ground data, this study employed two machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost1.5.1), to establish the inversion models for the relative soil moisture. The results showed that the XGBoost model achieved a higher accuracy for different soil depths. For a soil depth of 0-20 cm, the XGBoost model achieved the optimal result (R2 = 0.6863; root mean square error (RMSE) = 3.882%). Compared with the corresponding model for soil depth before the upscaling correction, the UAV correction can significantly improve the inversion accuracy of the relative soil moisture according to satellite remote sensing. To conclude, a map of the agricultural drought grade of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain in China was drawn up.

Electroacupuncture promotes angiogenesis by regulating miR-142-5p and activating ADAMTS1/PI3K/AKT pathway in ischemic stroke rats. / 电针调控miR-142-5p和ADAMTS1/PI3K/AKTé€šè·¯ä¿ƒè¿›ç¼ºè¡€æ€§è„‘å’ä¸­å¤§é¼ è¡€ç®¡æ–°ç”Ÿçš„æœºåˆ¶ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on miR-142-5p and ADAMTS1/PI3K/AKT pathway in rats with ischemic stroke, so as to explore the regulatory mechanism of electroacupuncture on angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. METHODS: This study was divided into two parts. The first part of the experiment：SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and electroacupuncture group. There were 20 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was prepared using a modified Longa's method. In the electroacupuncture group, "Shuigou" (GV26) was selected for electroacupuncture intervention (4 Hz/20 Hz) for 30 min each time. The rats in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture immediately after successful modeling, once a day for 4 times. Hunter score and TTC staining were used to observe the neurological deficits and infarct volumes respectively；HE staining was used to observe the cortical pathological changes；immunohistochemistry was used to determine the changes of cerebral microvascular density. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to observe the miR-142-5p expression, mRNA and protein expression levels of ADAMTS1, VEGF, PI3K, AKT, eNOS in ischemic cortex. The second part of the experiment：The rats were randomly divided into electroacupuncture+control group and electroacupuncture+miR-142-5p Antagomir group with 8 rats in each group. MCAO model was established after injection. Electroacupuncture+control group was given 0.9% sodium chloride solution injected into the right ventricle.The rats in the electroacupuncture+miR-142-5p Antagomir group were injected with miR-142-5p inhibitor into the right ventricle 30 min before modeling. Rats in electroacupuncture+control group and electroacupuncture+miR-142-5p Antagomir group were all given the same electroacupuncture treatment. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to observe the effect of miR-142-5p Antagomir on the expression of miR-142-5p and ADAMTS1 mRNA. The effect of miR-142-5p Antagomir on ADAMTS1 protein was observed by Western blot. RESULTS: In the first part of the experiment, compared with the sham operation group, the Hunter score in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01)；the volume of cerebral infarction in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01)；the degree of brain edema and neuronal necrosis and the density of cerebral microvessels was increased；the cerebral microvascular density was significantly increased (P<0.01)；the expression levels of miR-142-5p and the mRNA expression levels of VEGF, AKT and eNOS were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the protein expression levels of VEGF, p-AKT and eNOS were significantly down-regulated (P<0.01), while the mRNA expression levels of ADAMTS1 and PI3K, and the protein expression levels of ADAMTS1 and p-PI3K were all up-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, after intervention, the Hunter score in the electroacupuncture group was decreased (P<0.01), the volume of cerebral infarction was significantly decreased (P<0.01)；the degree of brain edema and neuronal necrosis were alleviated；the cerebral microvascular density was significantly increased (P<0.01)；the expression of miR-142-5p and the mRNA expression of VEGF, PI3K, AKT and eNOS were increased (P<0.01), the protein expressions of VEGF, p-PI3K, p-AKT and eNOS were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression of ADAMTS1 were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). After injection of miR-142-5p inhibitor, compared with electroacupuncture+control group, the expression of miR-142-5p in electroacupuncture+miR-142-5p Antagomir group was decreased(P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression of ADAMTS1 were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Electroacupuncture at GV26 can improve the neurological damage of ischemic stroke rats, reduce the volume of cerebral infarction and promote angiogenesis. The mechanism may be associated with the function of electroacupuncture in promoting the expression of miR-142-5p, so as to inhibit the expression of its target gene ADAMTS1, mediate the up-regulation of VEGF expression, activate PI3K/AKT pathway, promote the release of eNOS, and participate in promoting angiogenesis in ischemic stroke rats.

Predictive nomogram of the clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer based on methylated SEPT9 and intratumoral IL-10+ Tregs infiltration.

BACKGROUND: Gene methylation and the immune-related tumor microenvironment (TME) are highly correlated in tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy. Although both of them can be used to predict the clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, their predictive value is still unsatisfactory. Whether a combination risk model comprising these two prediction parameters performs better predictive effectiveness than independent factor is still unclear. Methylated Septin9 (mSEPT9) is an early diagnosis biomarker of CRC, in this study, we aimed to investigate mSEPT9-related biomarkers of immunosuppressive TME and identify the value of the combination risk model in predicting the clinical outcomes of CRC. METHODS: Immunofluorescence staining was performed to clarify the correlation between intratumoral IL-10+ Treg infiltration and mSEPT9 in peripheral blood. Survival time, response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade, and the probability of recurrence or metastasis were analyzed in study (197 CRC samples) and validation (195 CRC samples) sets to evaluate the efficacy of combination risk model. Potential mechanisms were explored by mRNA sequencing. RESULTS: Hypermethylated SEPT9 in the peripheral blood of patients with CRC (stage I-III, and stage IV with resectable M1) before radical resection was positively correlated with high intratumoral IL-10+ Treg infiltration. The high-risk model revealed poor overall survival and progression-free survival, inferior therapeutic response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade, and high probability of recurrence or metastasis. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with the increase in mSEPT9 and mediation of IL-10 via methionine metabolic reprogramming-induced infiltration of IL-10+ Tregs in the TME, which promotes tumor progression and resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade. CONCLUSIONS: The combination risk model of peripheral mSETP9 and intratumoral IL-10+ Treg infiltration in CRC can effectively predict prognosis, responsiveness to 5-FU-based chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade, and the probability of recurrence or metastasis. Therefore, this model can be used for precision treatment of CRC.

Subacute thyroiditis after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.

Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several autoimmune and subacute thyroiditis (SAT) cases are on the rise all over the world. COVID-19 vaccine-associated SAT cases have also been reported. In this article, we present our data on 5 vaccine-associated SAT cases. We evaluated the type of vaccine received, the time between vaccination and the onset of SAT symptoms, laboratory findings, treatments administered, and response to treatment. The age of patients ranged from 31 to 43 years old. Three (60 %) patients had been diagnosed as SAT after the first dose, and tow (40 %) after the second dose. Patients' symptoms appeared approximately 25.2 days (2-44) after vaccination. Subacute thyroiditis occurring after COVID-19 vaccination is rare, we hope practitioners should be early aware of post-vaccine SAT, that can improve clinical evolution and outcome.

Biochemical and structural characterization of a novel L-isoleucine-4-dioxygenase (RaIDO) from Rahnella aquatilis.

The L-isoleucine-4-dioxygenase converts L-isoleucine (Ile) into(2S,3R,4S)-4-(OH)-isoleucine (4-HIL), a naturally occurring hydroxyl amino acid, which is a promising compound for drug and functional food development. Here, a novel L-isoleucine-4-dioxygenase (RaIDO) from Rahnella aquatilis was cloned, expressed and characterized, as one of only a few reported L-isoleucine-4-dioxygenases. RaIDO showed high catalytic efficiency with Ile as the substrate, as well as good stability. HPLC-MS and NMR confirmed that RaIDO converts Ile into (2S,3R,4S)-4-(OH)-isoleucine. Further, structural analysis of RaIDO revealed key active site residues, including H159, D161 and H212. The RaIDO enzyme showed an optimal reaction temperature range of 30°C-45 °C, with the highest catalytic activity observed at 40 °C. Additionally, the enzyme exhibited an optimal pH of 8.0. Thus, the novel L-isoleucine-4-dioxygenase (RaIDO) has high catalytic efficiency and good stability, making it a strong candidate for industrial applications.

Molecular picture of electric double layers with weakly adsorbed water.

Water adsorption energy, Eads, is a key physical quantity in sustainable chemical technologies such as (photo)electrocatalytic water splitting, water desalination, and water harvesting. In many of these applications, the electrode surface is operated outside the point (potential) of zero charge, which attracts counter-ions to form the electric double layer and controls the surface properties. Here, by applying density functional theory-based finite-field molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied the effect of water adsorption energy Eads on surface acidity and the Helmholtz capacitance of BiVO4 as an example of metal oxide electrodes with weakly chemisorbed water. This allows us to establish the effect of Eads on the coordination number, the H-bond network, and the orientation of chemisorbed water by comparing an oxide series composed of BiVO4, TiO2, and SnO2. In particular, it is found that a positive correlation exists between the degree of asymmetry ΔCH in the Helmholtz capacitance and the strength of Eads. This correlation is verified and extended further to graphene-like systems with physisorbed water, where the electric double layers (EDLs) are controlled by electronic charge rather than proton charge as in the oxide series. Therefore, this work reveals a general relationship between water adsorption energy Eads and EDLs, which is relevant to both electrochemical reactivity and the electrowetting of aqueous interfaces.

All-natural aerogel of nanoclay/cellulose nanofibers with hierarchical porous structure for rapid hemostasis.

Developing an effective and user-friendly hemostatic agent is highly desired in the treatment of hemorrhage. Inspired by the natural nanostructure and abundant hydroxyl groups of cellulose and clay minerals, we designed an aerogel (HNTs/TOCNs) composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) with a hierarchical porous structure for the treatment of bleeding, using a simple and environmentally friendly self-assembly method. TOCNs formed a three-dimensional porous scaffold with excellent water-holding capacity. The incorporation of HNTs enhanced the hemostatic efficiency and mechanical properties of the 3D framework. The large interlayer spaces and wide channels within the HNTs/TOCNs aerogel provided rapid passage for blood, facilitating blood concentration and offering ample room for interactions between the HNTs/TOCNs aerogel and platelets, erythrocytes, and coagulation factors, thereby promoting hemostasis. Benefiting from the natural hemostatic properties and well-designed structure, the HNTs/TOCNs aerogel displayed excellent hemostatic performance both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the hemostatic time of HNTs/TOCNs-2 was only 74 ± 8 s, which is approximately 50 % shorter than the blank control (151 ± 20 s) in liver femoral artery injury model. This design of an HNTs/TOCNs aerogel presents a unique opportunity to enhance hemostatic efficacy by synergizing the advantages of natural materials.

Trends and Patterns of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in China From 2018 to 2023.

BACKGROUND: National treatment guidelines of China evolving necessitates population-level surveillance of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to inform or update HIV treatment strategies. METHODS: We analyzed the demographic, clinical, and virologic data obtained from people with HIV (PWH) residing in 31 provinces of China who were newly diagnosed between 2018 and 2023. Evidence of TDR was defined by the World Health Organization list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. RESULTS: Among the 22 124 PWH with protease and reverse transcriptase sequences, 965 (4.36%; 95% CI, 4.1-4.63) had at least 1 TDR mutation. The most frequent TDR mutations were nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.39%; 95% CI, 2.19%-2.59%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations(1.35%; 95% CI, 1.2%-1.5%) and protease inhibitor mutations (1.12%; 95% CI, .98%-1.26%). The overall protease and reverse transcriptase TDR increased significantly from 4.05% (95% CI, 3.61%-4.52%) in 2018 to 5.39% (95% CI, 4.33%-6.57%) in 2023. A low level of integrase strand transfer inhibitor TDR was detected in 9 (0.21%; 95% CI, .1%-.38%) of 4205 PWH. CONCLUSIONS: Presently, the continued use of NNRTI-based first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen for HIV treatment has been justified.

Metabolic profiling of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model: implications for pathogenesis and biomarker discovery.

Background: Alterations in metabolites and metabolic pathways are thought to be important triggers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but our lack of a comprehensive understanding of this process has hampered the development of IPF-targeted drugs. Methods: To fully understand the metabolic profile of IPF, C57BL/6 J male mice were injected intratracheally with bleomycin so that it could be used to construct a mouse model of IPF, and lung tissues from 28-day and control IPF mice were analyzed by pathology and immunohistochemistry. In addition, serum metabolites from IPF mice were examined using LC-ESI-MS/MS, and the differential metabolites were analyzed for KEGG metabolic pathways and screened for biomarkers using machine learning algorithms. Results: In total, the levels of 1465 metabolites were detected, of which 104 metabolites were significantly altered after IPF formation. In IPF mouse serum, 52% of metabolite expression was downregulated, with lipids (e.g., GP, FA) and organic acids and their derivatives together accounting for more than 70% of the downregulated differentially expressed metabolites. In contrast, FA and oxidised lipids together accounted for 60% of the up-regulated differentially expressed metabolites. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, pentose phosphate pathway, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Seven metabolites were screened by machine learning LASSO models and evaluated as ideal diagnostic tools by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). Discussion: In conclusion, the serum metabolic disorders found to be associated with pulmonary fibrosis formation will help to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.

Electrochemical Acid-Base Transport Limitation Principle for Low Electroactive Analyte Sensing in Wastewater Monitoring.

Electrochemical sensing (ES) is crucial for improving data acquisition in wastewater treatment, but obtaining the signal for a low electroactive analyte is challenging. Here, we propose an electrochemical acid-base transport limitation (eABTL) principle for inertness-based sensing, offering a new insight into generating ES signals from an interfacial transport process rather than electron transfer. This principle enables potential ES application for various weak acids and bases (WABs) without reactions themselves. We established an eABTLP method for detecting orthophosphate in solutions as a proof of concept, demonstrating commendable accuracy and precision, and a wide detection range from 10 µM to over 300 mM. Endogenous interferences were identified using 23 weak acids, indicating no significant endogenous interfering factors in typical wastewaters. Of them, volatile fatty acids are the main interference, but their effect can be eliminated by adjusting pH above 6.0. Exogenous factors like anions, cations, ion strength, temperature, organic load, and dissolved oxygen were examined, and most of their effects can be ignored by maintaining consistent analytical procedures between calibration curve and sample. Furthermore, measurement of wastewater samples confirmed the applicability toward domestic wastewater and demonstrated its wide applicability when combined with digestion pretreatment. Given the merits of inertness-based sensing, the eABTL-based methods have the potential to be a crucial part of ES techniques for environmental and industrial monitoring.

Oxygen vacancy-regulated nanorod array electrodes for boosting the electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia from nitrate wastewater.

The adsorption of nitrate is the key to enhancing the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR). Herein, a typical hydrolysis-coupled redox (HCR) reaction has been designed to prepare unique 3D Cu/Fe2O3 core-shell nanorod array cathodes with controllable oxygen vacancy concentrations for NitRR. The optimal Cu/Fe2O3-13 achieves a high nitrate conversion of 99.10% and ammonia selectivity of 98.30%. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the enhancement mechanism of OVs and a unique nanorod array structure with a high density of surface-exposed OVs and high-throughput transport pathways for ion-aspects.

Case report: A novel mutation of the CAPN3 gene in a Chinese family with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD R1 Calpain 3-Related, LGMD2A/R1), an autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by progressive muscle weakness with a prominent presentation in the proximal limb girdle muscles. LGMD2A/R1, which is caused by variants in calcium-activated neutral proteinase 3 (CAPN3), is the most common. The present study aimed at identifying the clinically significant variants in a Chinese family with LGMD2A/R1 and exploring the genotype-phenotype correlations. Clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and physical examinations were obtained. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of this family. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to explore and validate the pathogenic genes. In this study, the proband and his sister, who had two identical mutations in the CAPN3 gene sequence, exhibited diverse clinical features, including disease onset and progression. The mutation c.2120 A>G (p. D707G) is pathogenic and has been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the ClinVar database. c.1783-72 C>G may be a novel pathogenic mutation of LGMD2A/R1 based on the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines, which widens the gene variant pool in CAPN3 and improves diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Effects of 630 nm laser on apoptosis, metastasis, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human lung squamous cell carcinoma H520 cells mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has significant advantages in the treatment of malignant lung tumors. The research on the mechanism of PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) and its cytotoxic effects on lung cancer cells has primarily focused on lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, the impact of HPD-PDT on lung squamous cell carcinoma has not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 630 nm laser on apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human lung squamous cell carcinoma H520 cells mediated by HPD. H520 cells were divided into four groups: control group, photosensitizer group, irradiation group, and HPD-PDT group. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK8 assay; cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry; cell migration and invasion abilities were evaluated using wound-healing and invasion assays; and protein and mRNA expressions were analyzed by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively. Results showed that HPD-PDT significantly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05), suppressed cell migration and invasion (P < 0.05), decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression, and increased Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA expression(P < 0.05). Western blotting analysis indicated increased expression of Bax, Caspase-9, and E-cadherin, and decreased expression of Bcl-2, N-cadherin, and Vimentin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 630 nm laser mediated by HPD promoted cell apoptosis via upregulation of Bax and caspase-9, and downregulation of Bcl-2, and inhibited cell migration and invasion by regulating EMT in H520 cells.

Mechanism of action of FoxiangSan in diabetic gastroparesis: Gut microbiota and cAMP/PKA pathway.

Diabetic gastroparesis, a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), presents a significant treatment challenge. FoxiangSan is emerging as a potential therapy. FoxiangSan is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with the potential for treating diabetic gastroparesis by modulating gut microbiota and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways. This study explores the mechanisms behind FoxiangSan's effects on T2DM-induced gastroparesis, focusing on its impact on gut microbiota and the cAMP/PKA pathway. A rat model of type 2 diabetic gastroparesis was established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and the effects of FoxiangSan were assessed. Additionally, protein expression related to the cAMP/PKA pathway was examined, and FoxiangSan's influence on gut microbiota was studied using 16S rRNA sequencing. FoxiangSan significantly alleviated hyperglycemia, improved gastric pathology in rats with gastroparesis, enhanced the expression of 5-HT4, cAMP, PKA, and pPKA in the gastric antrum, and rebalanced gut microbiota. FoxiangSan demonstrates the therapeutic potential for T2DM-associated gastroparesis by modulating the cAMP/PKA pathway and gut microbiota.

Robust estimation and bias-corrected empirical likelihood in generalized linear models with right censored data.

In this paper, we study the robust estimation and empirical likelihood for the regression parameter in generalized linear models with right censored data. A robust estimating equation is proposed to estimate the regression parameter, and the resulting estimator has consistent and asymptotic normality. A bias-corrected empirical log-likelihood ratio statistic of the regression parameter is constructed, and it is shown that the statistic converges weakly to a standard χ 2 distribution. The result can be directly used to construct the confidence region of regression parameter. We use the bias correction method to directly calibrate the empirical log-likelihood ratio, which does not need to be multiplied by an adjustment factor. We also propose a method for selecting the tuning parameters in the loss function. Simulation studies show that the estimator of the regression parameter is robust and the bias-corrected empirical likelihood is better than the normal approximation method. An example of a real dataset from Alzheimer's disease studies shows that the proposed method can be applied in practical problems.

Improvement in the 95-95-95 Targets Is Accompanied by a Reduction in Both the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Rate and Incidence in China.

BACKGROUND: In 2016, China has implemented the World Health Organization's "treat all" policy. We aimed to assess the impact of significant improvements in the 95-95-95 targets on population-level human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission dynamics and incidence. METHODS: We focused on 3 steps of the HIV care continuum: diagnosed, on antiretroviral therapy, and achieving viral suppression. The molecular transmission clusters were inferred using HIV-TRACE. New HIV infections were estimated using the incidence method in the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control HIV Modelling Tool. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2023, the national HIV epidemiology database recorded 2.99 billion person-times of HIV tests and identified 1 976 878 new diagnoses. We noted a roughly "inverted-V" curve in the clustering frequency, with the peak recorded in 2014 (67.1% [95% confidence interval, 63.7%-70.5%]), concurrent with a significant improvement in the 95-95-95 targets from 10-13-<71 in 2005 to 84-93-97 in 2022. Furthermore, we observed a parabolic curve for a new infection with the vertex occurring in 2010. CONCLUSIONS: In general, it was suggested that the improvements in the 95-95-95 targets were accompanied by a reduction in both the population-level HIV transmission rate and incidence. Thus, China should allocate more effort to the first "95" target to achieve a balanced 95-95-95 target.

Polyphenol-Reinforced Glycocalyx-Like Hydrogel Coating Induced Myocardial Regeneration and Immunomodulation.

Although minimally invasive interventional occluders can effectively seal heart defect tissue, they still have some limitations, including poor endothelial healing, intense inflammatory response, and thrombosis formation. Herein, a polyphenol-reinforced medicine/peptide glycocalyx-like coating was prepared on cardiac occluders. A coating consisting of carboxylated chitosan, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), tanshinone IIA sulfonic sodium (TSS), and hyaluronic acid grafted with 3-aminophenylboronic acid was prepared. Subsequently, the mercaptopropionic acid-GGGGG-Arg-Glu-Asp-Val peptide was grafted by the thiol-ene "click" reaction. The coating showed good hydrophilicity and free radical-scavenging ability and could release EGCG-TSS. The results of biological experiments suggested that the coating could reduce thrombosis by promoting endothelialization, and promote myocardial repair by regulating the inflammatory response. The functions of regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and metabolism were confirmed, and the inflammatory regulatory functions of the coating were mainly dependent on the NF-kappa B and TNF signaling pathway.

Integrated Thermal Conductive and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance in Polyimide Composite: Impact of Carbon Felt-Graphene Van der Waals Heterostructure.

With the widespread application of highly integrated electronic devices, the urgent development of multifunctional polymer-based composite materials with high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and thermal conductivity capabilities is critically essential. Herein, a graphene/carbon felt/polyimide (GCF/PI) composite is prepared through constructing 3D van der Waals heterostructure by heating carbon felt and graphene at high temperature. The GCF-3/PI composite exhibits the highest through-plane thermal conductivity with 1.31 W·m-1·K-1, when the content of carbon felt and graphene is 14.1 and 1.4 wt.%, respectively. The GCF-3/PI composite material achieves a thermal conductivity that surpasses pure PI by 4.9 times. Additionally, GCF-3/PI composite shows an outstanding EMI SE of 69.4 dB compared to 33.1 dB for CF/PI at 12 GHz. The 3D van der Waals heterostructure constructed by carbon felt and graphene sheets is conducive to the formation of continuous networks, providing fast channels for the transmission of phonons and carriers. This study provides a guidance on the impact of 3D van der Waals heterostructures on the thermal and EMI shielding properties of composites.

Nogo-A exacerbates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by modulating microglial SHP-2/NLRP3 balance and inducing ROS and M1 polarization.

Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection, can lead to sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), characterized by brain dysfunction without direct central nervous system infection. The pathogenesis of SAE involves blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation and neuronal death, with neuroinflammation being the core process. Nogo-A, a neurite growth-inhibitory protein in the central nervous system, is not well understood in sepsis. This study explores Nogo-A's mechanisms in sepsis, focusing on SAE. Using in vivo and in vitro methods, healthy SPF C57BL/6J male mice were divided into Sham, Nogo-A-NC-Model, and Nogo-A-KD-Model groups, with sepsis induced by abdominal ligation and puncture. Morris water maze tests assessed learning and memory, and brain tissues underwent hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, and Western blot analysis. In vitro, Nogo-A gene knockdown models were constructed using BV-2 microglia cells to study inflammation and oxidative stress. Results showed Nogo-A expression affected learning and memory in septic mice, with knockdown reducing neuronal damage. Bioinformatics analysis suggested Nogo-A may activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inhibit p-SHP2, activating mitochondrial autophagy and promoting neuronal apoptosis. Western blot results confirmed that Nogo-A affects mitochondrial autophagy and neuronal survival by inhibiting SHP2 and activating ROS. Nogo-A's role in neuroinflammation and neuroprotection was emphasized, revealing its impact on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial autophagy, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study provides a theoretical basis for SAE treatment, suggesting further multi-gene and multi-pathway analyses and validation in clinical samples. Developing gene therapy and drug interventions targeting Nogo-A pathways will offer more effective treatment strategies.

Analysis of rice characteristic volatiles and their influence on rice aroma.

Rice aroma, one of the most important qualities of rice, was the comprehensive result of volatiles in rice and human sense. In this study, the main volatile compounds in rice were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry, and their correlations with sensory score were investigated. A total of eighty-five volatiles were found in rice samples. By combining odor activity value and correlation analysis, nine volatiles were considered as potential characteristic volatiles in rice aroma, namely hexanal, 2-pentylfuran, octanal, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), 1-octen-3-ol, trans-2-octenal, decanal, trans-2-nonenal and trans, trans-2,4-decadienal. It was found that the volatiles negatively correlated with sensory scores were positively correlated with hexanal. It indicated that hexanal might be a representative of the negative volatiles of rice aroma. The effects of the nine potential characteristic volatiles on rice aroma were investigated by using sensory analysis. The results showed that the odor intensity and preference level of 2-AP, hexanal, and 1-octen-3-ol were significantly affected by the content. Furthermore, the aroma of cooked rice was significantly different after adding 2-AP, hexanal or trans, trans-2,4-decadienal. Rice aroma was increased by adding 2-AP and deteriorated by adding hexanal or trans, trans-2,4-decadienal, indicating that 2-AP contributed positively to rice aroma while hexanal and trans, trans-2,4-decadienal contributed negatively to rice aroma. Hexanal, 2-AP, and trans, trans-2,4-decadienal were suggested to be the key characteristic volatiles for future aroma evaluation.