Acute effect of fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose on uric acid metabolism in healthy participants.

Fructose is associated with hyperuricemia and gout development. Focusing on fructose and fructose-containing disaccharides, we investigated the effects of three different types of carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose) on uric acid metabolism and gene expression profiling in peripheral white blood cells. In a randomized crossover study, ten healthy participants ingested test drinks of fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose, each containing 25 g of fructose. Plasma glucose, serum and urine uric acid, and xanthine/hypoxanthine concentrations were measured. Microarray analysis in peripheral white blood cells and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were examined at 0 and 120 in after the intake of test drinks. Serum uric acid concentrations for group fructose were significantly higher than group sucrose at 30-120 min and were significantly higher than those for group isomaltulose at 30-240 min. Several genes involved in the "nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway" were markedly changed in group fructose. No significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor, nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-1ß, and interleukin-18 were noted. This study indicated that fructose intake (monosaccharide) elevated serum uric acid concentrations compared with disaccharide intake. Differences in the quality of carbohydrates might reduce the rapid increase of postprandial serum uric acid concentrations.

Long-Term Follow-Up of SAPHO Syndrome for 15 Years Led to a Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Pain and Trismus.

Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a systemic disease with symptoms of pustular skin disease and sterile osteoarticular lesions. This disease rarely involves the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Although it is a disease with a good long-term prognosis, its treatment remains challenging. We describe a case with long-term follow-up of SAPHO syndrome for 15 years in which TMJ pain and trismus led to the diagnosis. A 30-year-old woman with TMJ pain and trismus was referred to our department. Her medical history included palmoplantar pustulosis. Sterile inflammation in the left TMJ and diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible were observed. Thus, she was diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome. The symptoms of severe TMJ pain, trismus, and left cheek swelling presented three times in the 15 years. Symptomatic treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and bisphosphonates was administered several times. There has been no relapse of symptoms over the past nine years. The patient must be continuously kept under observation to look for the relapse of symptoms.

Acute effect of green tea catechins on uric acid metabolism after alcohol ingestion in Japanese men.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Alcohol consumption is associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Previous studies have indicated a role for green tea catechins in uric acid (UA) metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the acute effect of green tea catechins in terms of enhancing urinary excretion of UA and xanthine/hypoxanthine (Xa/HX; UA precursors) after alcohol ingestion. METHODS: In a randomized crossover study, ten healthy Japanese subjects consumed test meals, including a Japanese distilled spirit (Shochu) with water (SW) or Shochu with catechin-rich green tea (SC), each containing 20 g of alcohol. The SC contained 617 mg of catechin in total. Serum and urine UA and Xa/HX concentrations were measured. Blood samples were collected after 2.5 h, and urine samples were collected between 0 and 5 h after consuming the test meal. RESULTS: Urine UA and Xa/HX excretions were significantly higher in the SC group than in the SW group (UA: SW, 0.45 ± 0.08; SC, 0.52 ± 0.09; Xa/HX: SW, 0.08 ± 0.04; SC, 0.16 ± 0.05 mg/kg/h). UA clearance (CUA) and fractional UA excretion (FEUA) tended to increase more in the SC group than in the SW group (CUA: SW, 7.76 ± 2.14; SC, 8.75 ± 2.23 mL/min/1.73 m2; FEUA: SW, 6.08 ± 1.36; SC, 6.64 ± 1.42%). No significant differences in serum UA and Xa/HX concentrations were observed between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that green tea catechins can enhance the excretion of UA and Xa/HX, even though alcohol is ingested. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000040076. Retrospectively registered 7 April 2020. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045687 Key Points • Green tea catechins enhance the excretion of uric acid and xanthine/hypoxanthine, even when alcohol is ingested simultaneously. • In case of non-adherence of limiting alcohol intake, catechin-rich green tea may be an effective dietary component to continue dietary therapy.

Gold(I)/(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers; Valency-Controlled Cyclization Modes.

Strategic use of oxophilic (hard) gold(III) and π-philic (soft) gold(I) catalysts provides access to two types of cyclic ethers from propargylic alcohols. Thus, heating propargylic alcohols with an oxophilic gold(III) catalyst (AuBr3) results in cyclization to afford cyclic ethers bearing an acetylenic moiety, due to coordination of gold(III) to the oxygen of the propargylic hydroxyl group. On the other hand, propargylic alcohols with a π-philic gold(I) catalyst (Ph3PAuNTf2) induces Meyer-Schuster rearrangement to afford α,ß-unsaturated ketones, which undergo gold(III)-catalyzed intramolecular oxa-Michael addition to afford cyclic ethers bearing a carbonyl group, due to coordination of gold(III) to the oxygen of the carbonyl group.

Evaluation of anticancer activities of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line.

While the effects of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA), known mainly as sanguinarine and chelerythrine, on the inhibition of some kinds of cancer cell proliferation have been established, the effect on oral squamous cell is not known. Here, the antitumor activity of sanguinarine was demonstrated using in vitro assay systems in SAS, a human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. The anti-proliferative and -invasive effects were confirmed with IC50 values in the concentration range of 0.75-1.0 µM by MTT assay and invasive assay, respectively. Sanguinarine was also able to suppress cell anchorage-independent growth, whereas it did not affect the cells' adhering capabilities. Finally, sanguinarine induced apoptotic cell death by activating caspase and altering the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Taken together, these results indicate that sanguinarine is a potential inhibitor of tumorigenesis and suggest that it may be valuable in the development of new anticancer drugs for the treatment of OSCC.

Anti-tumor activity of dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin against human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

Several reports have indicated that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is constitutively activated in a variety of cancer cells including human oral squamous carcinoma cells, and play a key role in their growth and survival. Recent studies report that NF-κB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. However this anti-tumor effects are still unknown in end human oral squamous carcinoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DHMEQ on oral squamous carcinoma cell (OSCC) lines in vitro and in vivo. Human OSCC cell lines (HSC-3, SAS) were treated with DHMEQ and examined for cell viability by MTT assay, cell cycle distribution by flow-cytometry, apoptosis by TUNEL assay, and protein expression by western blotting, respectively. In vivo activities were also investigated in a mouse xenograft model. DHMEQ inhibited growth of two OSCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner measured by MTT assay. A flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that treatment with DHMEQ induced accumulation in sub-G1 phase. TUNEL assay showed that DHMEQ induced DNA fragmentation. Protein expression by western blotting analysis revealed that DHMEQ induced nuclear down regulation of Survivin, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2. In nude mice, DHMEQ inhibited growth of OSCC without major toxic side effects. The present results demonstrated that administration of DHMEQ is suggested to be a novel anti-tumor approach to the treatment of OSCC.