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1.
Macromol Biosci ; 22(7): e2100472, 2022 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35261175

RESUMEN

Environmental accumulation of non-degradable polystyrene (PS) microparticles from plastic waste poses potential adverse impact on marine life and human health. Herein, microparticles from a degradable PS analogue (dePS) are formulated and their immuno-modulatory characteristics are comprehensively evaluated. Both dePS copolymer and microparticles are chemically degradable under accelerated hydrolytic condition. In vitro studies show that dePS microparticles are non-toxic to three immortalized cell lines. While dePS microparticles do not induce macrophage polarization in vitro, dePS microparticles induce in vivo upregulation of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in immuno-competent mice, suggesting the coexistence of mixed phenotypes of macrophages in the host immune response to these microparticles. Interestingly, on day 7 following subcutaneous in mice, dePS microparticles induce a lower level of several immuno-modulatory biomarkers (matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and arginase activity) compared to that of reference poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles. Remarkably, compared to PS microparticles, dePS microparticles exhibit similar in vitro and in vivo bioactivity while acquiring additional chemical degradability. Overall, this study gains new insights into the host immune response to dePS microparticles and suggests that this dePS analogue might be explored as an alternative material choice for biomedical and consumer care applications.


Asunto(s)
Macrófagos , Poliestirenos , Animales , Humanos , Inmunidad , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico/metabolismo , Poliestirenos/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
2.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 49(90): 10602-4, 2013 Nov 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24091639

RESUMEN

Cascade fluorofunctionalisation of 2,3-unsubstituted indoles featuring the formation of C-C, C-F and C-O bonds via electrophilic fluorination using N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide is described. The use of an O-nucleophile tethered to the nitrogen of indoles enables the synthesis of polycyclic fluorinated indoline derivatives from simple precursors in 40-63% yields.


Asunto(s)
Indoles/química , Carbono/química , Ciclización , Flúor/química , Halogenación , Oxígeno/química , Sulfonamidas/química , Temperatura
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