Abalone adhesion: The role of various adhesion forces and their proportion to total adhesion force.

Adhesion is the basic ability of many kinds of animals in nature, which ensures the survival and reproduction of animal populations. The aquatic abalone has a strong adhesion capacity. In this study, we observed the microscopic morphology of abalone abdominal foot surface, and found that the surface was covered with a large number of fibers. Then five types of force measuring plates were designed and processed for the adhesion test of abalone abdominal foot. According to the test results, the composition of abalone abdominal foot adhesion force was analyzed and the proportion of various adhesion force to the total adhesion force of abalone abdominal foot was calculated. Among them, the vacuum adhesion force accounts for more than half of the total adhesion force of abalone abdominal foot, and its proportion is more than 60%. Van der Waals force also plays an important role, and its proportion is more than 20%. The proportion of capillary force is very small, which is only about 1%. Its main role is to form a liquid film to prevent the gas from flowing into the sucker. The vacuum adhesion of abalone abdominal foot can be further divided into the whole adhesion of abdominal foot, the local adhesion of abdominal foot and the frictional equivalent vacuum adhesion. And the whole adhesion of abdominal foot is basically equivalent to the local adhesion of abdominal foot. This study quantifies the proportion of various adhesion forces to the total adhesion force of the abdominal foot, which provides a reference for the further study of other adhesive creatures and the design of bionic underwater adhesion devices.

Long non-coding RNA CRNDE in cancer prognosis: Review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), a 1910-nt lncRNA encoded on human chromosome 16, has been found to be involved in various cancers. Nevertheless, the clinical and diagnostic values of CRNDE in tumors still need to be explored. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the clinical role of CRNDE in cancer by searching all correlative literature, and we sequentially explored the association between CRNDE levels and overall survival (OS) or clinicopathological characteristics of cancer. METHODS: We conducted a database search of PubMed, Wanfang Data, Ovid, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (up to January 1, 2018). The pooled odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were used to assess extents of correlation between CRNDE and cancer prognosis. After identification of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles including 1361 patients were selected for this review. RESULTS: The results suggested that high levels of CRNDE were highly related to poor OS in tumor patients, with pooled HRs of 2.314 (1.894-2.826, P < .001, fixed-effects model). Likewise, we also found that high CRNDE expression was correlated with high tumor stage [OR: 3.340, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.417-4.616, P < .001, random-effects model] and lymph node metastasis (OR: 3.027, 95% CI: 2.071-4.425, P = .004, random-effects model). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that CRNDE may modify susceptibility for various cancers and may serve as a new predictive factor for prognosis and diagnosis in different types of cancers.

[Influence of the relaxation splint and stabilization splint on the EMG parameters of the masticatory muscles].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of the type of occlusal splint on the masticatory muscles (TA,MM). METHODS: TA and MM EMG during ICP maximal clenching were recorded in 20 dentate normal subjects, when they weared no occlusal splint, relaxation splint and mandibular stabilization splint. RESULT: With the insertion of relaxation splint and mandibular stabilization splint, the EMG parameters of TA and MM during ICP maximal clenching was dramatically reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The relaxation splint and mandibular stabilization splint can relax the masticatory muscles.